| 词条 | 1993 Millwall by-election |
| 释义 |
The 1993 Millwall by-election was a local government by-election in the Millwall ward of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets on 16 September 1993. The result became widely publicised due to the first ever electoral success for the far-right British National Party by Derek Beackon. PreludeMillwall is located on the Isle of Dogs in London, England. Historically, it had been an area of working class residents mainly employed in the many docks on the Isle of Dogs but the closure of the docks in the 1960s had led to high unemployment and deprivation in the area.[1] In the previous full council elections in 1990, Millwall elected three Labour councillors in a marginal contest between Labour and the Liberal Democrats. The Liberal Democrats retained control of the overall council, having gained control in 1986 as the Liberal-SDP Alliance.[2] No BNP candidate stood for election in Millwall in 1990, although the party contested some other wards in the borough including Beackon who stood in Redcoat ward where he attracted just 3.6% of the vote.[3] {{Election box begin ||title=Millwall election, 1990[4] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = D.J. Chapman |votes = 1,755 |percentage = 45.1 |change = +5.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Y. Amor |votes = 1,689 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = I.F. Walker |votes = 1,551 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = R.J. Bensley |votes = 1,507 |percentage = 39.9 |change = +12.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = J.P. Matthews |votes = 1,471 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = G.G. Pye |votes = 1,449 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = D.C. Hughes |votes = 294 |percentage = 7.5 |change = –0.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = P.W.E. Ingham |votes = 284 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party (UK) |candidate = S.G. James |votes = 279 |percentage = 7.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = D.C. Hoile |votes = 249 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 44 |percentage = 1.2 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 41.3 |change = +7.5{{Election box end}} An earlier by-election took place in Millwall on 1 October 1992, due to the resignation of Cllr Walker, in which a British National Party candidate stood for the first time. They received their highest ever vote share at the time, taking 20% of the vote.[5] {{Election box begin ||title=Millwall by-election, 1992[6] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = E.T. Johns |votes = 1,275 |percentage = 38.7 |change = –6.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = J.P. Matthews |votes = 1,178 |percentage = 35.8 |change = –4.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = British National Party |candidate = B.J. Osborne |votes = 657 |percentage = 20.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = J.P. Fage |votes = 182 |percentage = 5.5 |change = –1.9 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 97 |percentage = 2.9 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} CampaignThe next year Cllr Chapman resigned, leading to another by-election in the same ward. The British National Party's campaign emphasised 'Rights for Whites' through canvassing and leafleting, while the Labour Party campaign focussed on preventing the election of the first BNP councillor.[7] After a recount, Beackon was declared the winner with a majority of just 7 votes. Election result{{Election box begin ||title=Millwall by-election, 1993[8] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = British National Party |candidate = Derek Beackon |votes = 1,480 |percentage = 33.8 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = J.J. Hunt |votes = 1,473 |percentage = 33.7 |change = –11.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = J.E. Mills |votes = 1,284 |percentage = 29.4 |change = –10.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = T.R. Dickenson |votes = 134 |percentage = 3.1 |change = –4.4 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 7 |percentage = 0.1 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = British National Party |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} AftermathBeackon lost his seat in the next election after a large increase in turnout increased the actual BNP vote, but increased the Labour vote further to retake the seat.[9] The British National Party would not hold any elected seats again until they won three in Burnley in 2002.[10] Beackon did not re-stand for election until 2008 when he took 17.8% of the vote in Orsett ward on Thurrock council.[11] {{Election box begin ||title=Millwall election, 1994}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Julia Mainwaring |votes = 3,547 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Martin Young |votes = 3,447 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Stephen Molyneaux |votes = 3,446 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = British National Party |candidate = Derek Beackon |votes = 2,041 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = British National Party |candidate = Gordon Callow |votes = 1,775 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = British National Party |candidate = A. Smith |votes = 1,713 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = J.P. Mathews |votes = 874 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = J.E. Mills |votes = 861 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = G.G. Pye |votes = 754 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate| |party = Island Independent |candidate = J.J. Hunt |votes = 386 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = T.R. Dickenson |votes = 322 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = J.P. Fage |votes = 217 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Crispin Hayhoe |votes = 210 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = O.C. Osmond |votes = 124 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 10,532 |percentage = 66.4 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |loser = British National Party |swing = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} References1. ^http://www.millwall.com/ 2. ^http://www.election.demon.co.uk/thbc/mlw.html 3. ^http://www.election.demon.co.uk/thbc/red.html 4. ^http://www.election.demon.co.uk/thbc/mlw.html 5. ^N. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 52-53 6. ^http://www.election.demon.co.uk/thbc/mlw.html 7. ^N. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 53-54 8. ^http://www.election.demon.co.uk/thbc/mlw.html 9. ^http://www.election.demon.co.uk/thbc/mlw.html 10. ^http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1965535.stm 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/democracy/content.php?page=wrds&ID=12 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-11-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330143718/http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/democracy/content.php?page=wrds&ID=12 |archivedate=2009-03-30 |df= }} 1 : 1993 elections in the United Kingdom |
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