| 词条 | 2008 United States presidential election in Indiana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = United States presidential election in Indiana, 2008 | country = Indiana | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = United States presidential election in Indiana, 2004 | previous_year = 2004 | election_date = November 4, 2008 | next_election = United States presidential election in Indiana, 2012 | next_year = 2012 | image1 = | nominee1 = Barack Obama | party1 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state1 = Illinois | running_mate1 = Joe Biden | electoral_vote1 = 11 | popular_vote1 = 1,374,039 | percentage1 = 49.85% | image2 = | nominee2 = John McCain | party2 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state2 = Arizona | running_mate2 = Sarah Palin | electoral_vote2 = 0 | popular_vote2 = 1,345,648 | percentage2 = 48.82% | map_image = Indiana presidential election results 2008.svg | map_size = 250px | map_caption = County Results{{col-start}}{{col-2}}Obama{{legend|#b9d7ff|40-50%}}{{legend|#86b6f2|50-60%}}{{legend|#4389e3|60-70%}}{{col-2}}McCain{{legend|#f2b3be|40-50%}}{{legend|#e27f90|50-60%}}{{legend|#cc2f4a|60-70%}}{{col-end}} | title = President | before_election = George W. Bush | before_party = Republican Party (United States) | after_election = Barack Obama | after_party = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{ElectionsIN}} The 2008 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 4, 2008, and was part of the 2008 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Indiana was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama by a 1.03% margin of victory. Prior to the election, news organizations were split as some considered it as leaning McCain, or a red state, and the others simply considered the election as a toss-up, or swing state. On election day, Obama narrowly carried Indiana, which marked the first time a Democratic presidential nominee won Indiana since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. {{As of|2016|11|alt=As of the 2016 presidential election}}, this is the last time that the Democratic nominee carried Indiana, as well as Spencer County, Starke County, Vanderburgh County, Madison County, Vermillion County, and Tippecanoe County. PrimariesOn May 6, 2008, Indiana held its presidential primaries:
CampaignPredictionsThere were 17 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day:
Polling{{main|Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008#Indiana|l1=Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008: Indiana}}Pre-election polling was always tight, although McCain generally had a slight lead in 3 poll averages throughout the entire general election, including the final weeks of the election. Rasmussen Reports never had Obama winning a state poll. In the last opinion polling before the election, conducted by [https://web.archive.org/web/20081106102406/http://politicalwire.com/archives/2008/11/03/ppp_poll_obama_barely_takes_lead_in_indiana.html Public Policy Polling] (October 31-November 2, 2008), Barack Obama led John McCain 49% to 48%. The final 3 poll average gave McCain the lead 49% to 46%, with undecided voters deciding the election.[15] FundraisingJohn McCain raised a total of $1,758,471 in the state. Barack Obama raised $3,400,475.[16] Advertising and visitsObama massively outspent McCain in this state. Obama and his interest groups spent $17,796,704. McCain and his interest groups spent $3,160,264.[17] The Democratic ticket visited this state 8 times. The Republican ticket visited 5 times.[18] AnalysisHistorically, Indiana has been the most Republican state in the Great Lakes region. However, polling in September and October showed that Indiana was possibly turning into a swing state in 2008. George W. Bush easily captured Indiana's 11 electoral votes in 2004, defeating Democrat John Kerry by more than 20%. In contrast, most polls from the summer of 2008 onward showed only single-digit margins. The race was as close as expected. Indiana's polls closed at 6 p.m. local time. The state has often been among the first to be called for the Republican candidate; in 2004, for instance, the state was called for Bush almost as soon as the polls in the Central Time Zone portion of the state closed.[19] However, the race for the state was too close to call at 6pm, sending an early signal of potential upset to voters throughout the rest of the country. Indiana still had not been decided when most media outlets declared Obama president-elect at 11 p.m. Eastern time. Indiana was finally called for Senator Obama at around 6 a.m. Eastern on November 5. Ultimately, Obama ended up carrying Indiana by 1,374,039 votes to John McCain's 1,345,648 votes, a difference of 28,391 votes (approximately 1.03% of the total votes cast). The Libertarian candidate polled 29,257 votes - more than the margin of Obama's win. At the same time as Obama captured Indiana's 11 electoral votes, incumbent Republican Governor Mitch Daniels was reelected to a second term with 57.84% of the vote over Democrat Jill Long Thompson who received 40.04%. Libertarian Andy Horning received 2.12%. At the state level, Democrats picked up one seat in the Indiana House of Representatives. Results{{Election box begin | title=2008 United States presidential election in Indiana[20]}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Barack Obama |votes = 1,374,039 |percentage = 49.85% |change = +10.59% }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = John McCain |votes = 1,345,648 |percentage = 48.82% |change = -11.13% }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Libertarian Party (United States) |candidate = Bob Barr |votes = 29,257 |percentage = 1.06% |change = +0.36% }}{{Election box candidate |party = No party |candidate = Others |votes = 7,396 |percentage = 0.27% |change = — }}{{Election box plurality |votes = 28,391 |percentage = 1.03% |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,756,340 |percentage = 58.8% |change = }}{{Election box end}} Results breakdownBy countyObama won only 15 of Indiana's counties compared to 77 for McCain.[21] However those 15 counties make up 44% of the state's population. Obama carried the state largely by trouncing McCain in Marion County, home to increasingly Democratic Indianapolis, by over 106,000 votes. Kerry narrowly won Marion County in 2004; prior to that it last supported a Democrat in 1964. Obama also won in Vigo County, home to Terre Haute and a noted bellwether; it has voted for the winner of every presidential election all but twice since 1892.[22] Not a single county voted more Republican in the 2008 election than in 2004. Obama also dominated Gary and northwestern Indiana, traditionally the most Democratic region of the state. Many of the voters in this area already knew Obama, as this region makes up most of the Indiana side of the Chicago metropolitan area and the Chicago media market; Obama is from Chicago and has aired ads here for over a decade (dating to his tenure in the Illinois Senate). He also did very well in counties where colleges and universities are located, including St. Joseph (home to South Bend and Notre Dame), Vigo (home to Terre Haute and Indiana State University, Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology, and Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College) Monroe (home to Bloomington and IU), Delaware (home to Muncie and Ball State), Tippecanoe (home to West Lafayette and Purdue), and Porter (home to Valparaiso and Valparaiso University).[23] McCain dominated Indianapolis's traditionally heavily Republican suburbs, although Obama reduced the Republican margin from past presidential elections.[24] McCain also did well in traditionally Democratic Southern Indiana. Obama only managed to win three counties in this region, one of which was Vanderburgh County, where the city of Evansville is located.
By congressional districtDespite the fact that Barack Obama won the popular vote and carried the state’s 11 electoral votes, John McCain carried six congressional districts in Indiana, including all four held by Republicans and two held by Democrats.
Electors{{main|List of United States presidential electors, 2008}}Technically the voters of Indiana cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. Indiana is allocated 11 electors because it has 9 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 11 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 11 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them.[25] An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector. The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 15, 2008, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols. The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 11 were pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:[26]
References1. ^D.C.'s Political Report: The complete source for campaign summaries 2. ^Presidential | The Cook Political Report {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003043/http://www.cookpolitical.com/presidential#belowMap |date=May 5, 2015 }} 3. ^{{cite web|author=Adnaan |url=http://vote2008.thetakeaway.org/2008/09/20/track-the-electoral-college-vote-predictions/ |title=Track the Electoral College vote predictions |publisher=The Takeaway |date=2008-09-20 |accessdate=2009-11-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422070127/http://vote2008.thetakeaway.org/2008/09/20/track-the-electoral-college-vote-predictions/ |archivedate=April 22, 2009 }} 4. ^Election Projection: 2008 Elections - Polls, Projections, Results 5. ^Electoral-vote.com: President, Senate, House Updated Daily 6. ^1 2 3 Based on Takeaway 7. ^POLITICO's 2008 Swing State Map - POLITICO.com 8. ^RealClearPolitics - Electoral Map 9. ^CQ Politics | CQ Presidential Election Maps, 2008 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614004022/http://innovation.cq.com/prezMap08/ |date=June 14, 2009 }} 10. ^{{cite news| url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/president/whos-ahead/key-states/map.html?scp=1&sq=electoral%20college%20map&st=cse | title=Electoral College Map | work=The New York Times | accessdate=2010-05-26}} 11. ^{{cite news| url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/10/ | work=CNN | title=October – 2008 – CNN Political Ticker - CNN.com Blogs | accessdate=2010-05-26}} 12. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.foxnews.com/oreilly/winning-the-electoral-college/ | title=Winning the Electoral College | work=Fox News | date=2010-04-27}} 13. ^roadto270 14. ^Election 2008: Electoral College Update - Rasmussen Reports™ 15. ^Election 2008 Polls - Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 16. ^Presidential Campaign Finance 17. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/map/ad.spending/ | work=CNN | title=Map: Campaign Ad Spending - Election Center 2008 from CNN.com | accessdate=2010-05-26}} 18. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/map/candidate.visits/ | work=CNN | title=Map: Campaign Candidate Visits - Election Center 2008 from CNN.com | accessdate=2010-05-26}} 19. ^2004 election night timeline from Dave Leip's presidential election atlas 20. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/election/general/general2008?page=office&partyID=-1&officeID=36&districtID=937 | title = Indiana General Election November 4, 2008, Statewide | publisher = Indiana Secretary of State | date = 2008-11-04 | accessdate = 2008-11-07}} 21. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/election/general/general2008?page=district&countyID=32&officeID=36&districtID=937&candidate= | title = Indiana General Election November 4, 2008, by County | publisher = Indiana Secretary of State | date = 2008-11-04 | accessdate = 2008-11-07}} 22. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200881104057 | title = Obama leads in bellwether Vigo Co. | publisher = Indianapolis Star | date = 2008-11-04 | accessdate = 2008-11-12}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 23. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081105/NEWS0502/811050415 | title = 'At this defining moment, change has come to America' | publisher = Indianapolis Star | date = 2008-11-05 | accessdate = 2008-11-05}} 24. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15456.html | title = Obama gains in fast-growing counties | publisher = Politico | date = 2008-11-09 | accessdate = 2008-11-10}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/elections_ec.htm |title=Electoral College |accessdate=2008-11-01 |publisher=California Secretary of State |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030041546/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/elections_ec.htm |archivedate=October 30, 2008 }} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/voters/electors_new.html |title=Electoral College Information |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State Todd Rokita |accessdate=2008-12-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730215308/http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/voters/electors_new.html |archivedate=2008-07-30 |deadurl=yes |df= }} See also{{United States presidential election, 2008}}{{2008 U.S. presidential election state results}} 3 : 2008 United States presidential election by state|2008 Indiana elections|United States presidential elections in Indiana |
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