| 词条 | 2009 Higgins by-election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Higgins by-election, 2009 | country = Australia | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = Australian federal election, 2007 | previous_year = 2007 | election_date = 5 December 2009 | next_election = Australian federal election, 2010 | next_year = 2010 | seats_for_election = Division of Higgins | candidate1 = Kelly O'Dwyer | image1 = | party1 = Liberal Party of Australia | popular_vote1 = 36,421 | percentage1 = 54.6% | candidate2 = Clive Hamilton | image2 = | party2 = Australian Greens | popular_vote2 = 21,628 | percentage2 = 32.4% | map_image = Higgins-2007-in-Melbourne.png | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Location of Higgins within metropolitan Melbourne | title = MP | before_election = Peter Costello | before_party = Liberal Party of Australia | posttitle = | after_election = Kelly O'Dwyer | after_party = Liberal Party of Australia }} The 2009 Higgins by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives Division of Higgins on 5 December 2009.[1] This was triggered by the resignation of former Treasurer and former Liberal Party deputy leader Peter Costello.[2] The by-election was held on the same day as the Bradfield by-election. It was contested on the same boundaries drawn for Higgins at the 2007 federal election. At that election, the Liberal Party won the seat over the Labor Party with 57.04 per cent of the vote on a two-party-preferred basis, the closest result in the seat's 60-year history. The Liberal candidate has never had to go to preferences to win the seat. The writ for the by-election was issued on 30 October, with the rolls closing on 9 November. Candidate nominations closed 12 November, and were announced the following day.[3] The Labor Party did not nominate a candidate. Both the Higgins and Bradfield by-elections were the last by-elections for the House of Representatives until the 2014 Griffith by-election. BackgroundCostello first won the seat of Higgins at the 1990 federal election, and retained the seat in the six subsequent elections. At the 2007 federal election, the opposition Kevin Rudd-led Labor Party defeated the incumbent John Howard-led Liberal-National coalition government. This marked the first change of government in over 11 years. Costello was deputy Liberal leader since 1994, firstly under Alexander Downer and then under John Howard, and was Treasurer in the Howard government from its formation in 1996. On the defeat of the Howard government in 2007, Costello declined to become Liberal leader and a position in the shadow ministry and returned to the backbenches.[4] Costello had initially indicated (15 June 2009) he would stay as the member until the next election, at which time he would retire from parliament. However on 7 October 2009, Costello announced he would be resigning from Parliament when it resumed later in the month. He resigned on 19 October 2009.[5] CampaignThe Labor Party did not nominate a candidate for the by-election. The Higgins and Bradfield by-election campaigns were overshadowed by Liberal infighting over Labor Party government's Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme, culminating in the replacement of Malcolm Turnbull with Tony Abbott as Liberal leader. Although fairly safe on paper, some commentators including Malcolm Mackerras tipped the Greens to defeat the Liberals in Higgins, and force the Liberals to preferences in Bradfield.[6][7] Liberal Party candidate Kelly O'Dwyer focussed her campaigning on local issues and attempted to distance herself from federal affairs, whereas the Greens Clive Hamilton campaigned primarily for stronger action on climate change.[8] CandidatesThe following table is the order and party affiliation of each candidate that has nominated to contest the seat of Higgins. Candidates are placed in the order of the ballot paper.[9]
The Australian Labor Party did not stand a candidate. ResultsThe Liberal Party easily retained the seat.[16] {{Election box begin ||title=Higgins by-election, 2009[17] }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = Kelly O'Dwyer |party = Liberal |votes = 36,421 |percentage = 54.57 |change = +0.96 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = Clive Hamilton |party = Greens |votes = 21,628 |percentage = 32.40 |change = +21.65 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = John Mulholland |party = Democratic Labor |votes = 2,572 |percentage = 3.85 |change = +3.85 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = Fiona Patten |party = Sex Party |votes = 2,144 |percentage = 3.21 |change = +3.21 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = David Collyer |party = Democrats |votes = 1,531 |percentage = 2.29 |change = +1.08 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = Stephen Murphy |party = Independent |votes = 1,145 |percentage = 1.72 |change = +1.72 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = Joseph Toscano |party = Independent |votes = 523 |percentage = 0.78 |change = +0.78 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = Isaac Roberts |party = Liberal Democrats |votes = 336 |percentage = 0.50 |change = +0.50 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = Peter Brohier |party = Independent |votes = 236 |percentage = 0.35 |change = +0.35 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |candidate = Steve Raskovy |party = One Nation |votes = 211 |percentage = 0.32 |change = +0.32 }}{{Election box formal| |votes = 66,747 |percentage = 95.85 |change = −1.58 }}{{Election box informal| |votes = 2,870 |percentage = 4.15 |change = +1.58 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 69,637 |percentage = 79.00 |change = −14.77 }}{{Election box 2cp}}{{Election box candidate AU party| |party = Liberal |candidate = Kelly O'Dwyer |votes = 40,203 |percentage = 60.23 |change = +3.19 }}{{Election box candidate AU party| |party = Greens |candidate = Clive Hamilton |votes = 26,544 |percentage = 39.77 |change = +39.77 }}{{Election box hold AU party| |winner = Liberal |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}} See also
References1. ^Higgins, Bradfield by-elections announced, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 26 October 2009. 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,26177931-601,00.html |title=Peter Costello to resign from federal Parliament: The Australian 7/10/2009 |publisher=Theaustralian.news.com.au |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/supplementary_by_elections/2009-higgins/candidates.htm |title=Candidates for Higgins (Vic) 2009 by-election (Saturday 5 December) |publisher=AEC |date=8 June 2007 |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/federal-election-2007-news/costello-wont-stand/2007/11/25/1195947541163.html|title=Costello won't stand|work=smh.com.au}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=CT4|title=The Hon Peter Costello MP|work=aph.gov.au}} 6. ^{{cite web|author=3 December 2009 12:00AM |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/politics/mackerras-predicts-boilover-in-higgins/story-e6frgczf-1225806355860 |title=Mackerras predicts boilover in Higgins: The Australian 3 December 2009 |publisher=Theaustralian.com.au |date=3 December 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/a-day-that-changed-everything-20091203-k8po.html |title=A day that changed everything: SMH 4 December 2009 |publisher=Smh.com.au |date=4 December 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25 | first=Michelle | last=Grattan}} 8. ^Milanda Rout, Higgins hopeful in climate-change push, The Australian, December 2009 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/supplementary_by_elections/2009-higgins/candidates.htm |title=The AEC has recently restructured our content |publisher=Aec.gov.au |date=8 June 2007 |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.crikey.com.au/pollbludger/2009/10/07/higgins-by-election/ |title=Higgins by-election: December 5 – The Poll Bludger |publisher=Blogs.crikey.com.au |date=7 October 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 11. ^{{cite news|author=6 November 2009 5:59PM |url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,27574,26313946-29277,00.html |title=Parliament 'needs a sex party': The Australian 6 November 2009 |publisher=News.com.au |date=6 November 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109134944/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C27574%2C26313946-29277%2C00.html |archivedate=9 November 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/kelly-odwyer-secures-preselection-for-peter-costellos-seat-of-higgins/story-e6frf7jo-1225776258587 |title=Kelly O'Dwyer secures preselection for Peter Costello's seat of Higgins: Herald Sun 17/09/2009 |publisher=Heraldsun.com.au |date=17 September 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/10/23/2722213.htm |title=Greens announce candidate for Higgins: ABC News 23/10/2009 |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=23 October 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democrats.org.au/news/index.htm?press_id=6648&display=1 |title=Australian DemocratsAustralian Democrats Press Releases |publisher=Democrats.org.au |date=30 October 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/olympian-steps-up-to-grapple-for-higgins-20091104-hy4i.html |title=Olympian steps up to grapple for Higgins: SMH 5 November 2009 |publisher=Smh.com.au |date=5 November 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25 | first=Geoff | last=Strong}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2009/byelections/bradfield_higgins_commentary.htm |title=Antony Green by-election commentary |publisher=ABC |date=5 December 2009 |accessdate=2010-06-25}} 17. ^Virtual Tally Room: AEC {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091211220345/http://vtr.aec.gov.au/Default.htm |date=11 December 2009 }} External links{{Commons category|Higgins by-election, 2009}}
2 : 2009 elections in Australia|Victorian federal by-elections |
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