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词条 2010 California Proposition 20
释义

  1. Ballot language

  2. Congressional re-districting

  3. Constitutional changes

  4. Support

     Supporters  Arguments in favor 

  5. Opposition

     Donors against  Arguments against 

  6. Editorial opinion

     Yes on Prop 20  No on Prop 20 

  7. Path to the ballot

  8. Results

  9. External links

     Basic information  Supporters  Opponents 

  10. Further reading

  11. References

{{ElectionsCA}}

A California Congressional Redistricting Initiative, Proposition 20 was on the November 2, 2010 ballot in California. It was approved by 61.2% of voters.[1] Election officials announced on May 5 that the proposition had collected sufficient signatures to qualify for the ballot.[2] The measure is known by its supporters as the VOTERS FIRST Act for Congress.

The Congressional Redistricting Initiative:

  • Added the task of re-drawing congressional district boundaries to the California Citizens Redistricting Commission (CCRC) created by Proposition 11.
  • Defined a "community of interest" as "a contiguous population which shares common social and economic interests that should be included within a single district for purposes of its effective and fair representation. Examples of such shared interests are those common to an urban area, an industrial area, or an agricultural area, and those common to areas in which the people share similar living standards, use the same transportation facilities, have similar work opportunities, or have access to the same media of communication relevant to the election process."

Ballot language was filed by Charles Munger, Jr., who was also Proposition 20's largest financial supporter. Munger, the son of billionaire Charlie Munger, was a supporter of Proposition 11 in 2008, which created a new way for political districts to be drawn for California's state legislators and its state Board of Equalization.

A competing initiative that also qualified for the November 2 ballot, California Proposition 27 (2010), sought to repeal Proposition 11.

Proposition 20 and Proposition 27 each had a so-called "poison pill" provision. This means that if they both received a majority vote, the proposition that received the highest majority vote is the law that would go into effect. Since Proposition 20 passed but Proposition 27 did not, neither provision was triggered.

Ballot language

Ballot title

{{Blue|Text of Proposition 20, the "Voters FIRST Act for Congress"}}

Official summary

Removes elected representatives from the process of establishing congressional districts and transfers that authority to recently authorized 14-member redistricting commission {{sic|comprised |hide=y|of}} Democrats, Republicans, and representatives of neither party.

Summary of estimated fiscal impact

No significant net change in state redistricting costs.[3]

Congressional re-districting

If this initiative had not succeeded, the next Governor of California and members of the California State Legislature would have chosen how to draw lines for however many U.S. Congressional districts California is determined to be entitled to after the 2010 census. Estimates are that California will have somewhere between 52 and 54 seats in congress after those census calculations are completed.[4]

From 2000 to 2010, the population in California has undergone a major shift eastward, with people moving to California's inland areas from its coastal enclaves. This means that California's congressional district boundaries will certainly undergo major upheaval after the 2010 census. As one example, the San Francisco Bay Area grew less than 1% since the last redistricting, while the Central Valley area has grown by 21%. Los Angeles County has grown 5%, while San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and Imperial Counties have grown by 17%.[5]

Another notable factor is that California's population hasn't grown relative to the population of the rest of the United States, and may even have proportionally shrunk. There were fears at the time that California could lose one or two seats in Congress.[5] In the end California's representation in Congress remained the same, which was the first time the state had not increased its congressional representation since the reapportionment following the 1920 census.

Constitutional changes

Proposition 20 amended three sections of Article XXI of the California Constitution.

The three sections are:

  • Section 1 of Article XXI
  • Section 2 of Article XXI
  • Section 3 of Article XXI

Support

Supporters

Charles Munger launched the campaign to qualify the Congressional Redistricting Initiative for the 2010 ballot. Munger was also a key supporter of 2008's Proposition 11, having given about $2 million to that effort.[6]

The New York Times characterized Proposition 20's supporters as "an unlikely collection of election-reform groups, civil rights nonprofits and former officials from both major parties who say that the current system of redistricting has left politicians unaccountable."[7]

Supporters of Proposition 20 included:

  • California Chamber of Commerce
  • California State Conference of the NAACP
  • AARP
  • California Common Cause
  • IndependentVoice.Org
  • Bay Area Council
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger and Gray Davis

A full list of the supporters of Proposition 20 is available [https://web.archive.org/web/20101001224527/http://www.yes20no27.org/who.html from the "Yes on Proposition 20" website].

Arguments in favor

Arguments were submitted to the official California Voter Guide on behalf of a "yes" vote on Proposition 20, as were rebuttals to the arguments provided by Prop 20 opponents. The signers of these arguments were:

  • David Pacheco, the California President of AARP
  • Kathay Feng, the executive director of California Common Cause
  • John Kabateck, the executive director of the California chapter of the National Federal of Independent Business
  • Alice Huffman, President, the California chapter of the NAACP
  • Julian Canete, the executive director of the California Hispanic Chambers of Commerce
  • Richard Rider, chairman of the San Diego Tax Fighters

The arguments made on behalf of Proposition 20 focus on these themes:

  • Proposition 20 will create fair U.S. congressional districts, which will in turn make California's representatives to the U.S. Congress more accountable and responsive, as well as making it easier to vote them out of office.[8]
  • Proposition 20 ends the current system of members of the California State Legislature being in a position to draw the U.S. Congressional district boundaries "for their friends in Congress—districts that virtually guarantee Members of Congress get reelected even when they don’t listen to voters." Also, "Right now, legislators and their paid consultants draw districts behind closed doors to guarantee their friends in Congress are reelected. Sacramento politicians pick the voters for their friends in Congress, rather than voters choosing who will represent them."[8]
  • Proposition 20 is a simple and intuitive extension of a ballot initiative that California voters already approved, California Proposition 11 (2008).[8]
  • Under the current system, politicians have used their redistricting powers to bring about unfair results, and Proposition 20 will put an end to that. For example, "In the last redistricting, Latino leaders sued after a California Congressman had 170,000 Latinos carved out of his district just to ensure he’d get reelected. Now he’s leading the charge against 20!"[8]

Opposition

Opposition to Proposition 20 is primarily driven by the supporters of Proposition 27.

Donors against

State Rep. Charles Calderon, a $100,000 donor to the "Yes on 27" campaign.

Two campaign committees have officially registered in opposition to Proposition 20. Through September 22, neither of the committees specifically aimed at Proposition 20 had received any contributions to speak of. They are:

  • The "No on 20" campaign committee.
  • The "California Coalition for Leadership and Accountability in Budget and Redistricting, Yes on 25 & 27, No on 20" campaign committee.

However, due to the fact that California Proposition 27 contains "poison pill" language with respect to Proposition 20, any money spent to promote a "yes" vote on Proposition 27 amounts to money spent to hurt Proposition 20, and vice versa.

That main campaign committee endorsing a "yes" vote on California Proposition 27 has raised millions of dollars, including a substantial amount of money from 17 members of the California's delegation to the U.S. Congress as well as members of the California State Legislature.

Arguments against

Arguments were submitted to the official California Voter Guide urging a "no" vote on Proposition 20, as were rebuttals to the arguments provided by Prop 20 supporters. The signers of these arguments were:

  • Daniel H. Lowenstein, a professor at UCLA and a former chairman of the California Fair Political Practices Commission.[9]
  • Mark Murray, the executive director of "Californians Against Waste"
  • Hank Lacayo, president of the "Congress of California Seniors"
  • Aubry L. Stone, president of the California Black Chamber of Commerce
  • Carl Pope, chairman of the Sierra Club

The themes of the main arguments they make against Proposition 20 (and in favor of Proposition 27) are:

  • Proposition 20 will be "a waste of taxpayer dollars".[8]
  • Proposition 20 is said by its opponents to turn back the clock on redistricting law. Proposition 20 mandates that all districts (including Assembly, Senate, and Congress) must be segregated by income level and mandates that all districts be segregated according to 'similar living standards' and that districts include only people 'with similar work opportunities.'"[8]

Editorial opinion

Yes on Prop 20

Newspapers that have editorialized in favor of Proposition 20 include:

  • Contra Costa Times:[10]
  • Lompoc Record:[11]
  • The Long Beach Press-Telegram:[12]
  • Los Angeles Daily News:[13]
  • The Los Angeles Times: [14]
  • North County Times:[15]
  • The Orange County Register: [16]
  • Riverside Press Enterprise: [17]
  • San Bernardino Sun:[18]
  • San Diego Union-Tribune:[19]
  • Santa Rosa Press Democrat:[20]
  • Santa Cruz Sentinel:[21]
  • San Gabriel Valley Tribune:[22]
  • Ventura County Star:[23]

No on Prop 20

  • Sacramento Bee:[24]

Path to the ballot

694,354 signatures were required to qualify the initiative for the ballot. Supporters turned in 1,180,623 signature in mid-March 2010, and election officials announced on May 5, 2010 that after an inspection process, the signatures met or exceeded the minimum threshold for ballot qualification.[2]

The petition drive management company hired to collect the signatures was National Petition Management. NPM was paid $1,937,380 (through May 6) for their signature-gathering services.[25]

Results

{{Referendum
| title = Proposition 20[26]
| yes = 5,743,162
| yespct = 61.3
| no = 3,637,062
| nopct = 38.7
| valid = 9,380,224
| validpct = 91.0
| invalid = 922,100
| invalidpct = 9.0
| total = 10,302,324
| turnoutpct = 43.7
}}

External links

Basic information

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101020145023/http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/pdf/english/text-proposed-laws.pdf#prop20 Text of proposed law]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101013091915/http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/pdf/english/20-title-summ-analysis.pdf Ballot title, summary, and analysis]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101013091927/http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/pdf/english/20-arg-rebuttals.pdf Arguments and Rebuttals], submitted for the California Voter Guide
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012020319/http://cavotes.org/vote/election/2010/november/2/ballot-measure/redistricting-congressional-districts League of Women Voters overview of Proposition 20]
  • California Voter Foundation guide to Proposition 20
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20101011151438/http://californiachoices.org/ballot-measures/proposition-20 Institute of Governmental Studies overview of Proposition 20]

Supporters

  • "Yes on Proposition 20"
  • Campaign finance reports of VOTERS FIRST
  • "Yes on Proposition 20" on Facebook
  • [https://twitter.com/VoteYes20No27 Yes on 20, No on 27 on Twitter]
  • [https://www.youtube.com/user/VoteYes20No27 "Yes on Proposition 20" channel on YouTube]

Opponents

  • Yes on 27, No on 20
  • Campaign finance reports for the "No on 20" campaign committee
  • Campaign finance reports for the "California Coalition for Leadership and Accountability in Budget and Redistricting, Yes on 25 & 27, No on 20

Further reading

  • Props. 20, 27 pit politicians against voters
  • Voters face two competing redistricting propositions
  • On Redistricting Reform: The Status Quo Strikes Back
  • Conflicting redistricting measures

References

1. ^{{Cite web |url=http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/ballot-measures/# |title="California Secretary of State", "State Ballot Measures, Election Results, November 2, 2010" |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105205625/http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/ballot-measures/# |archive-date=2010-11-05 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
2. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.sacbee.com/static/weblogs/capitolalertlatest/2010/05/measure-to-expa.html# |title=Sacramento Bee, "Ballot measure to expand Prop 11 to Congress OK'd", May 5, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811020622/http://www.sacbee.com/static/weblogs/capitolalertlatest/2010/05/measure-to-expa.html# |archive-date=2010-08-11 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/vig-public-display/110210-general-election/prop-20/ballot-label-prop-20.pdf# |title=July 2 version of the ballot label for Proposition 20, Congressional Redistricting |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722074958/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/vig-public-display/110210-general-election/prop-20/ballot-label-prop-20.pdf# |archive-date=2010-07-22 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.modbee.com/opinion/walters/story/915960.html# |title=Modesto Bee, "Stage set for epic bloodletting", October 31, 2009 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120904224538/http://www.modbee.com/opinion/walters/story/915960.html# |archive-date=2012-09-04 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
5. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-inland-population-tilt-will-reshape-districts-2009nov16-story.html|title=Inland population tilt will reshape districts|first=John|last=Marelius|website=sandiegouniontribune.com}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fromthecapitol.com/redistricting-commission-repeal-gets-boost-from-house-dems-432|title=From The Capitol, "Redistricting Commission repeal gets boost from House Dems", February 2, 2010|publisher=}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/08/us/08bcredistrict.html|title=Tackling Redistricting With Money and Zeal|first=Gerry|last=Shih|date=7 October 2010|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web |url=http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/pdf/english/20-arg-rebuttals.pdf# |title=Official Voter Guide for Proposition 20 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013091927/http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/pdf/english/20-arg-rebuttals.pdf# |archive-date=2010-10-13 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.kqed.org/capitalnotes/2009/12/29/give-redistricting-back-to-legislature/|title=KQED-TV, "Give Redistricting Back To Legislature?", December 29, 2009|publisher=}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2010/09/03/contra-costa-times-editorial-we-recommend-yes-on-proposition-20-no-on-27/|title=Contra Costa Times editorial: We recommend yes on Proposition 20, no on 27|date=3 September 2010|publisher=}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://lompocrecord.com/news/opinion/editorial/props-the-flip-sides-of-real-change/article_1b3bd9f6-cd2a-11df-ac29-001cc4c002e0.html|title=Props. 20, 27: The flip sides of real change|website=Lompoc Record}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.presstelegram.com/editorials/ci_16064847|title=Long Beach Press-Telegram, "Yes on Prop. 20, no on Prop. 27", September 13, 2010|publisher=}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynews.com/opinions/ci_16068477|title=Los Angeles Daily News, "Vote yes on Prop. 20, no on Prop. 27 for a much improved political system", September 14, 2010|publisher=}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/24/opinion/la-ed-prop2027-20100924|title=Drawing the lines|date=24 September 2010|publisher=|via=LA Times}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/article_bc793dd9-c9a2-53a9-823d-f7b348670c88.html|title=North County Times, "Yes on Prop. 20, No on 27", August 31, 2010|publisher=}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2010/09/17/editorial-prop-20-extend-redistricting-reform-to-congress/|title=Editorial: Prop: 20: Extend redistricting reform to Congress|date=17 September 2010|publisher=}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/opinion/editorials/stories/PE_OpEd_Opinion_D_op_08_ed_props20_27_elx.2906efc.html|title=Riverside Press Enterprise, "Yes on 20; no on 27", September 7, 2010|publisher=}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sbsun.com/editorial/ci_16199836|title=San Bernardino Sun, "Vote to improve our government", September 28, 2010|publisher=}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-redistricting-reforms-must-advance-2010sep07-story.html|title=Redistricting reforms must advance|first=The San Diego Union-Tribune Editorial|last=Board|website=sandiegouniontribune.com}}
20. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20100829/OPINION/100829472/1042?p=1&tc=pg&tc=ar# |title=Santa Rosa Press Democrat, "Yes on Prop. 20, no on 27" |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223233920/http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20100829/OPINION/100829472/1042?p=1&tc=pg&tc=ar# |archive-date=2010-12-23 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/opinion/ci_16240477|title=Santa Cruz Sentinel, "As We See It: Yes on 20, No on 27", October 3, 2010|publisher=}}
22. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.sgvtribune.com/editorial/ci_16197445# |title=San Gabriel Valley Tribune, "Yes on Prop. 20 for fair districts", September 28, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013063721/http://www.sgvtribune.com/editorial/ci_16197445# |archive-date=2010-10-13 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/2010/sep/02/prop-20-yes-prop-27-no-way/|title=Ventura County Star, "Prop. 20: Yes Prop. 27: No way", September 2, 2010|publisher=}}
24. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.sacbee.com/2010/09/17/3035757/endorsements-leave-redistricting.html# |title=Sacramento Bee, "Leave redistricting reform alone - No on Propositions 20 and 27", September 17, 2010 |access-date=2010-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928074833/http://www.sacbee.com/2010/09/17/3035757/endorsements-leave-redistricting.html# |archive-date=2010-09-28 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1321618&view=expenditures|title=California Secretary of State - CalAccess - Campaign Finance|website=cal-access.sos.ca.gov}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://vote.sos.ca.gov/|title=For the November 2, 2010, Statewide General Election County Summary Status|page=37|date=November 3, 2010|publisher=California Secretary of State's office|accessdate=November 3, 2010}}
{{CA2010elections}}

3 : 2010 California ballot propositions|Redistricting|Initiatives in the United States
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