“2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships were held at Myślęcinek Park in Bydgoszcz, Poland on 28 March 2010. It was the first time in over twenty years that Poland hosted the annual championships, having previously held them in Warsaw in 1987.^[1]^[2] Kenyan runners dominated the competition, taking all four individual titles and all four team titles at the competition.^[3] Kenyans took the top four spots in both junior men's and junior women's races to finish with a perfect team score.^[3]

In the absence of Zersenay Tadese and Kenenisa Bekele, the senior men's race was an opportunity for less-established runners. Joseph Ebuya won the gold (his first major medal), becoming the first Kenyan to win the men's race since Paul Tergat in 1999. Teklemariam Medhin of Eritrea took second place (also his first major medal) while Moses Ndiema Kipsiro of Uganda was third. Kenya won the senior men's team gold with ease and Eritrea won the team silver medal. Defending champion Gebregziabher Gebremariam only just made the top ten but led Ethiopia to the team bronze.

Florence Kiplagat was not present to defend the women's senior title, leaving Linet Masai and Tirunesh Dibaba as the favourites. However, a sprint finish by little-known runner Emily Chebet rendered Masai the silver medallist for a second year running. Meselech Melkamu of Ethiopia won the fourth World Cross Country bronze of her career as Dibaba finished outside the medals. Kenya and Ethiopia won the team gold and silver, respectively, while Shalane Flanagan led the United States women's team to a bronze medal.

The top four in both the junior men and women's races were all Kenyan, with Caleb Mwangangi Ndiku and Mercy Cherono the gold medallists. The dominance of the competition by Kenyan and East African runners was accompanied by a decline in the number of European teams that were entered for the tournament, with some historically strong countries sending no athletes at all.

Preparation

Bidding

The Bydgoszcz bid for the World Cross Country Championships was approved on 22 March 2009 at the spring IAAF Council meeting.^[4]

Qualification

Athletes could gain qualification into the World Championships through performances at either their national championships or through the following IAAF Permit Meetings:

Pre-championship events

In order to raise awareness prior to the championships, the city and Polish athletics association organised a weekly cross country run (the Cross Bydgoski) every Sunday on the race course from 25 October onwards. Renowned Polish athletes were invited and Artur Kohutek and Marika Popowicz were among those who took to the course to compete alongside professional and amateur runners alike.^[5]

The Polish Cross Country Championships were held at the venue, acting as a pre-championship tester for the Myślęcinek Park course two weeks prior to the main event. Katarzyna Kowalska won the women's 8 km race while Marcin Chabowski won the men's 12 km event.^[6] The organising committee introduced an event mascot – a large grey squirrel called "Crossby".^[7]

Pre-race form

Before the event, the possible medallists of men's race were less predictable than in previous years – Kenenisa Bekele, who had won six long and five short course gold medals in the previous decade, was ruled out due to an injury and his nearest competitor, 2007 winner Zersenay Tadese, missed the championships to focus on road running instead.^[8]

Their absence suggested that a Kenyan runner might top the men's podium for the first time in over ten years. The largely untested Paul Tanui had established himself by summarily beating his more experienced counterparts by over half a minute at the Kenyan championships. Leonard Komon and Joseph Ebuya were other Kenyan men in strong form. Many of Ethiopia's top athletes were absent, although the defending champion Gebregziabher Gebremariam was a key medal contender and former junior champion Ayele Abshero was making his first try at the senior ranks. Outside the traditionally successful Ethiopian and Kenya teams, Samuel Tsegay of Eritrea and 2009 silver medallist Moses Ndiema Kipsiro of Uganda were medal possibilities, while the 2009 European Champion Alemayehu Bezabeh headed an improved Spanish team.^[8]

In the women's race, Linet Masai (2009 silver medallist) and Tirunesh Dibaba (the 2008 champion) were strong favourites for the women's medals. The defending champion, Florence Kiplagat, was not in attendance but 2009 fourth placer Lineth Chepkurui was another Kenyan contender for the medals. Ethiopia entered a strong team, including Dibaba, 2003 champion Werknesh Kidane and multiple past medallist Meselech Melkamu. Non-African runners in good form were 2004 champion Benita Willis of Australia and 2009 European champion Hayley Yelling. The United States and Portugal had entered strong women's teams, led by national champions Shalane Flanagan and Ana Dulce Félix respectively, which were given good medalling possibilities.^[9]

Competition

Venue and conditions

The course for the race was flat with a number of turns and was grassy and reasonably dry underfoot. An unusual addition to the relatively straightforward course was the placement of large wooden logs on the course as hurdles. This aspect came under criticism from Jason Henderson of Athletics Weekly, who commented that the course "seems to be some kind of children’s play park, runners also have to run past a bizarre-looking wooden crocodile."^[10] A mix of unseasonably warm weather, followed by a cold, overcast day prior to the championships, suggested the event would be held in less than ideal conditions.^[10]^[11] However, the race day itself was sunny and (at 10° Celsius) the temperature was well-suited to the runners.^[12]

Men's race

The men's race started at a middling-pace and 20 runners (mostly Kenyans, Ethiopians and Eritreans) had formed a leading pack by the third lap. Defending champion Gebregziabher Gebremariam was not among them and it soon became obvious he would not reach the podium for a second year running. Samuel Tsegay and Teklemariam Medhin of Eritrea began to increase the pace at the beginning of the fourth lap. This disrupted the pack and by the end of the lap Medhin was leading, shortly followed by Joseph Ebuya and Moses Kipsiro, who was a little further behind. Ebuya took the lead and he continued the quicker pace for the fifth and final lap. Medhin stayed close to Ebuya, however, while Leonard Komon and Kipsiro were battling for the bronze medal position.^[12]

As the race drew to a close, Ebuya pulled away from Medhin to beat the Eritrean by six seconds, becoming the first Kenyan senior men's champion since Paul Tergat in 1999. Komon and Kipsiro engaged in a sprint finish in the final straight and, although they recorded the same time, it was Kipsiro who took the honours. Tsegay and Hasan Mahboob took fifth and sixth places and a Kenyan trio of Richard Kipkemboi Mateelong, Paul Tanui, and Hosea Mwok Macharinyang ensured that Kenya took the team gold as well.^[12] Eritrea took the team silver medal, pushing Ethiopian into third place on the team podium. Chakir Boujattaoui (in 12th place) helped Morocco to fourth in the rankings while Saudi-Arabian-born runner Simon Bairu, representing Canada, was the first non-African to cross the line.^[13]

Later that year, Boujattaoui's performance was erased from the record as he failed a pre-race drug test for MIRCERA (an EPO variant).^[14] This meant that Bairu was elevated into the top twelve while Uganda moved ahead of Morocco by one place in the final team rankings.

Women's race

Linet Masai, the previous year's silver medallist, made a strong start to the race and began to set the pace for the race alongside her Kenyan teammates. After the first lap around fifteen runners had formed a leading pack comprising mainly Kenyan and Ethiopian runners, although Benita Willis, Shalane Flanagan, and Hilda Kibet remained among them. The group stayed together until the third lap at which point the pace became too much for some runners. By the midpoint of the lap, former champion Tirunesh Dibaba had slipped out of contention and was ten seconds behind the three leading athletes: Masai, Emily Chebet and Meselech Melkamu.^[15]

In the final lap, Masai made her move and began to forge a lead over the other two runners. However, Chebet began to chase Masai, leaving Melkamu behind her. Masai was ahead at the final straight towards the finish but Chebet's sprint quickly reduced the gap between the two. The little-known Chebet won at the line, defeating the pre-race favourite Masai, who had to content herself with another silver having lost another sprint finish at the competition. Melkamu took third uncontested while Dibaba was fourth some twelve seconds behind the bronze medallist. Kenyans Lineth Chepkurui and Margaret Wangari Muriuki took fifth and sixth to confirm their team gold and the Ethiopian women took the team silver. American runner Shalane Flanagan was twelfth and top-20 finishes from Molly Huddle and Magdalena Lewy-Boulet helped the United States to a team bronze.^[15]^[16]

Junior races

The junior men's race was a straightforward affair: a Kenyan trio of Caleb Ndiku, Clement Langat and Japhet Korir monopolised first position for laps one and two. Ndiku took to the front of the leading pack on the third lap and never relinquished his position after maintaining a fast pace. As Ndiku increased his lead, Moses Kibet of Uganda attempted to follow, but he eventually fell off the pace. Langat and Korir pulled closer to their team mate in the final stages but they took second and third place respectively. Isaiah Koech overtook Kibet to head the Kenyan team to a perfect gold, occupying the top four spots.^[17] With Ethiopia, Uganda and Eritrea taking the next three team spots, the upper rankings featured almost exclusively East African runners, with Joel Mmone of South Africa (21st place) being the only exception among the first 24 runners to finish.^[18]

The junior women's race marked a resounding defeat for the defending Ethiopian team and its defending champion Genzebe Dibaba. The leading pack remained large during the first two laps, but on the third and final lap the Kenyan women asserted themselves. By the halfway point, Mercy Cherono was at the front of a group of four Kenyans comprising Purity Rionoripo, Esther Chemtai and Faith Chepngetich. Cherono pulled ahead of her compatriots and won with ease. Rionoripo just pipped Chemtai for second place in a sprint finish, shortly followed by Chepndetich in fourth place. Dibaba finished in eleventh, helping Ethiopia to the team silver. Uganda took the team bronze while the first non-African-born runner home was Gulshat Fazlitdinova of Russia.^[19]^[20]

Reception

Having won every gold medal on offer, as well as a 1–2 in the women's race and every junior individual medal, Kenya were perceived as being by far the dominant force of the championships.^[21]^[22] However, while this success was lauded as a great achievement for Kenya by commentators such as former champion John Ngugi,^[23] this dominance came with a fall in both interest and participation from Western countries.^[24] Nations with distinguished histories in long distance running, such as Russia, Germany and Finland, sent no senior athletes to the championships at all, while the sole runners for Belgium and the Netherlands (Atelaw Yeshetela and Hilda Kibet) were both born in East Africa.^[10]

The secretary general of the IAAF, Pierre Weiss, acknowledged the lack of European teams present at the competition, but said that problem was solely with world championships participation and not the sport of cross country running as a whole as the 2009 European Cross Country Championships had been successful. IAAF president Lamine Diack stated that European runners needed to learn from the East Africans to improve their performances.^[10] However, the decline in European interest had a direct effect on the scheduling of the world championships event, which had been changed from an annual to a biennial format by a large majority of votes at the 2009 IAAF Congress.^[25]

Medallists

Results

Senior men's race (11.611 km)

Complete results for senior men^[26]^[27] and for senior men's teams^[28]^[29]^[30] were published.

Senior women's race (7.759 km)

Complete results for senior women,^[31]^[32] and for senior women's teams^[33]^[34]^[35] were published.

Junior men's race (7.759 km)

Complete for junior men,^[36]^[37] and for junior men's teams^[38]^[39]^[40] were published.

Junior women's race (5.833 km)

Complete results for junior women,^[41]^[42] and for junior women's teams^[43]^[44]^[45] were published.

Medal table

Participation

According to an unofficial count, 437 athletes from 51 countries participated. This is in agreement with the official numbers as published.^[46]

See also

References

1. ^IAAF Cross Country season 2009 / 2010 begins and ends in Portugal. IAAF (17 November 2009). Retrieved on 2010-02-12.
2. ^Ramsak, Bob (7 November 2009). With Bydgoszcz on the horizon, a look back at Poland's distance tradition - IAAF World Cross Country Championships. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
3. ^Arcoleo, Laura (28 March 2010). Kenyans rule supreme in Bydgoszcz. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-29.
4. ^IAAF Council Meeting, Berlin – NEWS BRIEF, Day 2. IAAF (22 March 2009). Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
5. ^Turner, Chris (5 January 2010). Bydgoszcz braves the cold and takes to its feet to promote 2010 World XC. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-02-12.
6. ^Lopatto, Maciej (17 March 2010). Snow and mud awaits in Bydgoszcz - World Cross Country Championships. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-17.
7. ^Crossby oficjalnie zaprasza na mistrzostwa {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303163755/http://wxc2010.bydgoszcz.pl/index.php?p=2&i=28 |date=3 March 2012 }} {{pl icon}}. Bydgoszcz 2010 (4 March 2010). Retrieved on 2010-03-28.
8. ^¹Butler, Mark (24 March 2010). Bydgoszcz 2010 - Time for another Paul? Men's Races Preview. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-24.
9. ^Johnson, Len (23 March 2010). Bydgoszcz 2010 - Can Dibaba prevent Masai's rise to top spot? - Women's Races Preview. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-24.
10. ^¹²³Henderson, Jason (27 March 2010). IAAF hits back at World Cross criticism {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329054426/http://www.athletics-weekly.com/article.php?id=1280 |date=29 March 2010 }}. Athletics Weekly. Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
11. ^Butler, Mark (27 March 2010). "You don’t want to be working on your tan at the World Cross," Bydgoszcz Press Conference Quotes. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
12. ^¹²Butler, Mark (28 March 2010). Joseph Ebuya ends Kenyan draught - Men's Senior race report. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
13. ^Senior Race - M Final. IAAF (28 March 2010). Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
14. ^Athletes Currently Suspended. IAAF. Retrieved on 2011-01-28.
15. ^¹Johnson, Len (28 March 2010). Chebet's strong finish prevails - Women's Senior race report - Bydgoszcz 2010. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
16. ^Senior Race - W Final. IAAF (28 March 2010). Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
17. ^Butler, Mark (28 March 2010). Front running pays off for Ndiku - Men's Junior race report - Bydgoszcz 2010. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-29.
18. ^Junior Race - M Final. IAAF (28 March 2010). Retrieved on 2010-03-29.
19. ^Johnson, Len (28 March 2010). Cherono sets the record straight - Women's Junior race report - Bydgoszcz 2010. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-29.
20. ^Junior Race - W Final. IAAF (28 March 2010). Retrieved on 2010-03-29.
21. ^¹Kenya control World Cross Country. BBC Sport (28 March 2010). Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
22. ^Kenya complete World Cross Country whitewash. ESPN. Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
23. ^Kenya sweeps titles at world cross country {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331192937/http://www.rte.ie/sport/athletics/2010/0328/athletics.html |date=31 March 2010 }}. RTÉ (28 March 2010). Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
24. ^Henderson, Jason. (29 March 2010). Editor's Letter – Eddie’s marathon challenge is no joke {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328082857/http://www.athletics-weekly.com/back-issues/2010/65-12-01.php |date=28 March 2010 }}. Athletics Weekly. Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
25. ^47th IAAF Congress – Day 1. IAAF (12 August 2009). Retrieved on 2010-03-30.
26. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = Results - 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz, POLAND 28 MAR 2010 - Senior Race - men| url = http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/men/senior-race/final/result| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
27. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz - Sunday 28 March 2010 - Senior Race - Men - Results| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitiondocuments/pdf/4393/AT-XSE-M-F--1--.RS1.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
28. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = Official Team Results Senior Race - M | url = http://www.iaaf.net/wxc10/results/eventCode=4393/sex=M/discCode=XSE/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
29. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = Results - 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz, POLAND 28 MAR 2010 - Senior Race - men - Final - Team| url = http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/men/senior-race/final/team| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
30. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz - Sunday 28 March 2010 - Senior Race - Men - Team Standings| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitiondocuments/pdf/4393/AT-XSE-M-F--1--.ST1.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
31. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = Results - 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz, POLAND 28 MAR 2010 - Senior Race - women| url = http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/women/senior-race/final/result| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
32. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz - Sunday 28 March 2010 - Senior Race - Women - Results| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitiondocuments/pdf/4393/AT-XSE-W-F--1--.RS1.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
33. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = Official Team Results Senior Race - W | url = http://www.iaaf.net/wxc10/results/eventCode=4393/sex=W/discCode=XSE/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
34. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = Results - 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz, POLAND 28 MAR 2010 - Senior Race - women - Final - Team| url = http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/women/senior-race/final/team| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
35. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz - Sunday 28 March 2010 - Senior Race - Women - Team Standings| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitiondocuments/pdf/4393/AT-XSE-W-F--1--.ST1.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
36. ^{{ Citation |last= |first= |date=March 28, 2010 |title=Results - 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz, POLAND 28 MAR 2010 - Junior Race - men |url=http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/men/junior-race/final/result |publisher=IAAF |page= |language= |accessdate=November 5, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106223841/http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/men/junior-race/final/result |archivedate=6 November 2013 |df= }}
37. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz - Sunday 28 March 2010 - Junior Race - Men - Results| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitiondocuments/pdf/4393/AT-XJ-M-F--1--.RS1.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
38. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = Official Team Results Junior Race - M| url = http://www.iaaf.net/wxc10/results/eventCode=4393/sex=M/discCode=XJ/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
39. ^{{ Citation |last= |first= |date=March 28, 2010 |title=Results - 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz, POLAND 28 MAR 2010 - Junior Race - men - Final - Team |url=http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/men/junior-race/final/team |publisher=IAAF |page= |language= |accessdate=November 5, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106223830/http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/men/junior-race/final/team |archivedate=6 November 2013 |df= }}
40. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz - Sunday 28 March 2010 - Junior Race - Men - Team Standings| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitiondocuments/pdf/4393/AT-XJ-M-F--1--.ST1.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
41. ^{{ Citation |last= |first= |date=March 28, 2010 |title=Results - 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz, POLAND 28 MAR 2010 - Junior Race - women |url=http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/women/junior-race/final/result |publisher=IAAF |page= |language= |accessdate=November 5, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106223823/http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/women/junior-race/final/result |archivedate=6 November 2013 |df= }}
42. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz - Sunday 28 March 2010 - Junior Race - Women - Results| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitiondocuments/pdf/4393/AT-XJ-W-F--1--.RS1.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
43. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = Official Team Results Junior Race - W | url = http://www.iaaf.net/wxc10/results/eventCode=4393/sex=W/discCode=XJ/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
44. ^{{ Citation |last= |first= |date=March 28, 2010 |title=Results - 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz, POLAND 28 MAR 2010 - Junior Race - women - Final - Team |url=http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/women/junior-race/final/team |publisher=IAAF |page= |language= |accessdate=November 5, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106223844/http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/38th-iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-4393/results/women/junior-race/final/team |archivedate=6 November 2013 |df= }}
45. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = March 28, 2010| title = 38th IAAF World Cross Country Championships - Bydgoszcz - Sunday 28 March 2010 - Junior Race - Women - Team Standings| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitiondocuments/pdf/4393/AT-XJ-W-F--1--.ST1.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = | language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}
46. ^{{ Citation | last = | first = | date = | title = IAAF WORLD CROSS COUNTRY CHAMPIONSHIPS - BYDGOSZCZ 2013 - FACTS & FIGURES - SUMMARY OF PAST CHAMPIONSHIPS| url = http://dt9guucc6nuua.cloudfront.net/competitioninfo/5e21b69b-12aa-45e9-8d89-ad0b8ce676bf.pdf| publisher = IAAF| page = 2| language = | accessdate = November 5, 2013}}