| 词条 | 2011 Belfast West by-election |
| 释义 |
| election_name = Belfast West by-election, 2011 | type = parliamentary | country = United Kingdom | seats_for_election = The Belfast West seat in the House of Commons. Elected by simple majority using first past the post. Triggered by resignation of incumbent | ongoing = no | previous_election = United Kingdom general election, 2010 | previous_year = 2010 | next_election = United Kingdom general election, 2015 | next_year = 2015 | election_date = 9 June 2011 | candidate1 = Paul Maskey | image1 = | party1 = Sinn Féin | last_election1 = | popular_vote1 = 16,211 | percentage1 = 70.6% | swing1 = {{decrease}}0.5% | candidate2 = Alex Attwood | image2 = | party2 = Social Democratic and Labour Party | last_election2 = | popular_vote2 = 3,088 | percentage2 = 13.5% | swing2 = {{decrease}}2.9% | candidate4 = Gerry Carroll | image4 = | party4 = People Before Profit Alliance | last_election4 = | popular_vote4 = 1,751 | percentage4 = 7.6% | swing4 = New party | candidate5 = Brian Kingston | image5 = | party5 = Democratic Unionist Party | last_election5 = | popular_vote5 = 1,393 | percentage5 = 6.1% | swing5 = {{decrease}}1.5% | map_image = BelfastWestConstituency.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Map showing the Belfast West Parliamentary constituency within the Northern Ireland. | title = MP | posttitle = Subsequent MP | before_election = Gerry Adams | before_party = Sinn Féin | after_election = Paul Maskey | after_party = Sinn Féin }} The Belfast West by-election, 2011 was a by-election for the United Kingdom constituency of Belfast West following the resignation of the constituency's Member of Parliament, Gerry Adams[1] in advance of his candidacy in the 2011 general election in the Republic of Ireland. A writ for a by-election was moved in the House of Commons on 16 May 2011, and the vote took place on 9 June 2011.[2] BackgroundGerry Adams had held Belfast West for Sinn Féin from 1983 to 1992, and continuously since 1997.[3] At the 1992 UK general election and in the 1974 and 1979 elections, the seat was won instead by the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), an Irish nationalist party, but by the 2010 general election, they were a long way behind Adams, the seat being the safest in Northern Ireland and the fourth safest anywhere in the UK.[4] A constituency of the same name, with boundaries identical to the Westminster constituency which existed before the 2010 election, was contested at the 2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election, using the single transferable vote method of election. Sinn Féin candidates won five of the six seats and the SDLP the other.[5] In 2010, the two main unionist parties, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), both stood candidates in the seat, but took only 10.7% of the vote between them. The DUP did hold one of the six Assembly seats until 2007.[6] Although the UUP have not held their deposit in recent years, they held the Parliamentary seat until 1966.[7] Vacation of the seatMembers of the House of Commons, whether or not they have taken their seats, cannot resign in form, but a legal fiction has grown up to allow Members to resign in effect. Under Section 4 of the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975, if an MP wishes to vacate their seat, they can request appointment to either of two 'offices of profit under the Crown' which disqualify them from membership. As an Irish republican, Gerry Adams considered a British Crown appointment politically unacceptable, and therefore submitted a letter resigning his seat to the Speaker of the House of Commons on 20 January 2011;[8] he maintained that by doing so he had simply resigned.[9] Notwithstanding that he had not requested it, Adams was on 26 January appointed as Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead, a Treasury spokesperson explaining that this appointment had been made "consistent with long-standing precedent".[8] Although David Cameron said during Prime Minister's Questions that Adams had "accepted an office for profit under the Crown", Adams denied this and received an apology from the Prime Minister's Office for not informing him of the procedure and for stating that he had applied for the "post".[10] Calling the by-electionIn order for a by-election to take place, an MP makes a motion in the House of Commons to the Speaker to issue a warrant to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, who then issues the writ ordering that the election take place. Traditionally, the MP comes from the same party as the member that has stood down.[11] However, because Sinn Féin MPs do not take their seats in the Commons, the writ was moved by the Government Chief Whip, Conservative Patrick McLoughlin MP on 16 May 2011.[12] CandidatesAlex Attwood, the Environment Minister in the Northern Ireland Executive, and the Social Democratic and Labour Party's candidate for the seat at the 2010 general election was the SDLP candidate for the by-election.[13]Brian Kingston was the Democratic Unionist Party candidate.[14]Paul Maskey, a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly, won the Sinn Féin nomination.[15] Danny Morrison, the former publicity director of Sinn Féin, had suggested that the party should stand aside and instead back a candidacy for former Respect Party MP George Galloway.[16]ResultsBy-election{{Election box begin | title=Belfast West by-election, 2011[17][18]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Sinn Féin |candidate = Paul Maskey |votes = 16,211 |percentage = 70.6 |change = −0.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Social Democratic and Labour Party |candidate = Alex Attwood |votes = 3,088 |percentage = 13.5 |change = −2.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = People Before Profit Alliance |candidate = Gerry Carroll |votes = 1,751 |percentage = 7.6 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Democratic Unionist Party |candidate = Brian Kingston |votes = 1,393 |percentage = 6.1 |change = −1.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Ulster Unionist Party |candidate = Bill Manwaring |votes = 386 |percentage = 1.7 |change = −1.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Alliance Party of Northern Ireland |candidate = Aaron McIntyre |votes = 122 |percentage = 0.5 |change = −1.4 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 13,123 |percentage = 57.1 |change = +2.4 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 22,951 |percentage = 37.5 |change = −16.5 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 61,441 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Sinn Féin |swing = +1.2 }}{{Election box end}} Previous General Election{{Election box begin | title=General Election 2010: Belfast West[19]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Sinn Féin |candidate = Gerry Adams |votes = 22,840 |percentage = 71.1 |change = +2.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Social Democratic and Labour Party |candidate = Alex Attwood |votes = 5,261 |percentage = 16.4 |change = +0.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Democratic Unionist Party |candidate = William Humphrey |votes = 2,436 |percentage = 7.6 |change = −3.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Ulster Conservatives and Unionists |candidate = Bill Manwaring |votes = 1,000 |percentage = 3.1 |change = +0.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Alliance Party of Northern Ireland |candidate = Maíre Hendron |votes = 596 |percentage = 1.9 |change = +1.8 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 17,579 |percentage = 54.7 |change = −1.2 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 32,133 |percentage = 54.0 |change = −13.5 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 59,522 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Sinn Féin |swing = +1.1 }}{{Election box end}} See also
External links
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/press_08_11.htm |title=Manor of Northstead |date=26 January 2011 |work=HM Treasury |accessdate=26 January 2011}} {{By-elections to the 55th UK Parliament}}{{Northern Ireland topics}}{{Current Westminster constituencies in Northern Ireland}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eoni.org.uk/notice_of_election_-_parliamentary_by-election_9_june_2011.pdf |title=Notice of election |date=19 May 2011 |work=Belfast Area Electoral Office |accessdate=19 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205323/http://www.eoni.org.uk/notice_of_election_-_parliamentary_by-election_9_june_2011.pdf |archivedate=21 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-12246725 Gerry Adams resigns as West Belfast MP] BBC News 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge10/maj.htm |title=Constituencies in order of % Majority after the 2010 General Election |publisher=Politicsresources.net |date=13 January 2011 |accessdate=20 January 2011}} 5. ^West Belfast 2007, Northern Ireland Elections 6. ^West Belfast, Northern Ireland Elections 7. ^West Belfast 1950-1970, Northern Ireland Elections 8. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0126/breaking42.html?via=mr|title=Adams 'becomes baron'|date=26 January 2011|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=26 January 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110127040850/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0126/breaking42.html?via=mr| archivedate= 27 January 2011 | deadurl= no}} 9. ^Adams comments on Cameron claims Sinnfein.ie 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-12292896|title=Downing Street apology for Gerry Adams|date=26 January 2011|work=BBC Online|accessdate=26 January 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110201133240/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-12292896| archivedate= 1 February 2011 | deadurl= no}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-information-office/m07.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - M07 - Parliamentary Elections.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-05-28| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110605103824/http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-information-office/m07.pdf| archivedate= 5 June 2011 | deadurl= no}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/goahead-given-for-belfast-poll-16000680.html |title=Go-ahead given for Belfast poll - Northern Ireland, Local & National |publisher=Belfasttelegraph.co.uk |date=2011-05-16 |accessdate=2011-05-28}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.belfastmedia.com/home_article.php?ID=2370 |title=(Andersonstown News) - The Candidate |publisher=Belfast Media |date=2011-03-24 |accessdate=2011-05-28}} 14. ^- DUP Nomination for West Belfast by-election, 24 May 2011 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-13369583 |title=Paul Maskey 'wants to run for West Belfast' |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2011-05-11 |accessdate=2011-05-28| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110512140726/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-13369583| archivedate= 12 May 2011 | deadurl= no}} 16. ^Martina Purdy, "[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-12255189 Galloway to run for West Belfast?]", BBC News, 21 January 2011 17. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-13718129 Sinn Fein's Paul Maskey wins West Belfast by-election], BBC News, 10 June 2011 18. ^Northern Ireland Elections, Northern Ireland Elections, 6 May 2018 19. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2010|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=17 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726162034/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|archivedate=26 July 2013 }} 7 : 2011 elections in the United Kingdom|2011 in Northern Ireland|June 2011 events in Europe|By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Belfast|2010s in Northern Ireland|21st century in Belfast|2010s elections in Northern Ireland |
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