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词条 3063 Makhaon
释义

  1. Orbit and classification

      Makhaon family  

  2. Naming

  3. Physical characteristics

      Rotation period    Diameter and albedo  

  4. Notes

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 3063 Makhaon
| background = #C2FFFF
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref =  [1]
| discoverer = L. G. Karachkina
| discovery_site = {{nowrap|Crimean Astrophysical Obs.}}
| discovered = 4 August 1983
| mpc_name = (3063) Makhaon
| alt_names = 1983 PV{{·}}1931 DT
1964 YL{{·}}1971 OE
{{mp|1971 QK|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1975 VT|6}}
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|k|eɪ|ə|n}}{{·}}{{Respell|mə|KAY|ən}}
| named_after = Machaon [2]
{{small|(Greek mythology)}}[2]
| mp_category = Jupiter trojan [1][6]
Greek [7][8]{{·}}Makhaon [9]
| orbit_ref =  
| epoch = 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 87.67 yr (32,023 d)
| aphelion = 5.5153 AU
| perihelion = 4.9067 AU
| semimajor = 5.2110 AU
| eccentricity = 0.0584
| period = 11.90 yr (4,345 d)
| mean_anomaly = 201.39°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.0829|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 12.162°
| asc_node = 287.87°
| arg_peri = 205.34°
| jupiter_moid = 0.2659 AU
| tisserand = 2.9520
| mean_diameter = {{val|111.65|1.54|ul=km}}[11]
{{val|114.34|2.77|u=km}}[12]
{{val|116.14|4.4|u=km}}[13]
| rotation = {{val|8.64|0.01|u=h}}[6][15]{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3}}
| albedo = {{val|0.0476|0.004}}[13]
{{val|0.049|0.003}}[12]
{{val|0.056|0.005}}[11]
| spectral_type = D {{small|(S3OS2)}}[19]
V–I {{=}} {{val|0.830|0.022}}[6]
B–R {{=}} {{val|1.230|0.033}}[6]
| abs_magnitude = 8.4[1][6]
8.5[11]
8.60[12][13]
}}3063 Makhaon ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|k|eɪ|ə|n}} {{Respell|mə|KAY|ən}}), provisional designation {{mp|1983 PV}}, is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately {{convert|114|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 4 August 1983, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula.[1] The dark D-type asteroid is the principal body of the proposed Makhaon family and belongs to the 20 largest Jupiter trojans having a rotation period of 8.6 hours.[6] It was named after the legendary healer Machaon from Greek mythology.[2]

Orbit and classification

Makhaon is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's {{L4}} Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy).[7]

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9–5.5 AU once every 11 years and 11 months (4,345 days; semi-major axis of 5.21 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Lowell Observatory in February 1931, more than 52 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnij.[1]

Makhaon family

Fernando Roig and Ricardo Gil-Hutton identified Makhaon as the principal body of a small Jovian asteroid family, using the hierarchical clustering method (HCM), which looks for groupings of neighboring asteroids based on the smallest distances between them in the proper orbital element space. According to the astronomers, the Makhaon family belongs to the larger Menelaus clan, an aggregation of Jupiter trojans which is composed of several families, similar to the Flora family in the inner asteroid belt.[9]{{rp|9,10}}

However this family is not included in David Nesvorný{{'s}} HCM-analysis from 2014.[35][36] Instead, Makhaon is listed as a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population on the Asteroids Dynamic Site (AstDyS) which based on another analysis by Milani and Knežević.[8]

Naming

This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the legendary healer Machaon, a physician to the Greek troops during the Trojan War as mentioned in Homer's Iliad. He is the son of Asclepius and Epione and brother of Hygieia, Podalirius (who was also a physician) and Panacea.[2] The official {{MoMP|3063|naming citation}} was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 March 1986 ({{small|M.P.C. 10547}}).[39]

Physical characteristics

In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Makhaon is a dark D-type asteroid, the most common spectral type among the Jupiter trojans.[19][36] It is also an assumed C-type asteroid with a V–I color index of 0.83, lower than most larger D-types. It has a B–R magnitude of 1.23 –the difference in magnitude between the blue and red filter – indicating a spectra redder than that of the Sun, which has a B–R mag of 1.03.[6]

Rotation period

Several rotational lightcurves of Makhaon have been obtained since its first photometric observation by Richard Binzel in 1988. It gave a rotation period of 17.3 hours ({{small|U=2}}).[43] In November 2009, French amateur astronomer René Roy measured a period of 2.6 hours from a fragmentary lightcurve based on a single-night observation.({{small|U=1}}).[44]

Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola reported a period of 8.6354 and 8.648 taken from observation at La Silla Observatory, Chile, in June 1994, and from Calar Alto Observatory, Spain, in December 2009 with a low brightness variation of 0.06 and 0.09, respectively ({{small|U=2/2}}).[45]

In in December 2010 and April 2014, follow-up observations by Daniel Coley in collaboration with Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies and the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station {{Obscode|G79}} rendered a period of 8.64 and 8.45 hours and an amplitude of 0.15 magnitude ({{small|U=2/2-}}). The result shows that Binzel's first measurement was probably an alternative period solution (i.e. twice the actual period).[6][47][15]{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3}}

In February 2013, Michael Alkema at the Elephant Head Observatory {{Obscode|G35}} in Arizona reported a concurring period of 8.639 hours with a brightness variation of 0.08 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).[49]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Makhaon measures between 111.65 and 116.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0476 and 0.056.[11][12][13] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0569 and a diameter of 116.35 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.4.[6]

{{Largest Jupiter trojans}}

Notes

{{notelist|refs={{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3|1=Lightcurve plots of (3063) Makhaon from Dec 2010 and Apr 2014 by Daniel Coley at the Center for Solar System Studies {{Obscode|U80}} and {{Obscode|U81}}. Quality code is 1/3 (lightcurve rating at CS3). Summary figures at the LCDB and CS3.}}

}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3063) Makhaon |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 10547 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3064 |chapter = (3063) Makhaon }}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = List of Jupiter Trojans |work = Minor Planet Center |date = 30 May 2018 |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/JupiterTrojans.html |accessdate = 5 June 2018}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title = 3063 Makhaon (1983 PV) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3063 |accessdate = 12 June 2018}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 12 June 2018}}
5. ^1 {{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (3063) Makhaon |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#003063 |accessdate = 12 June 2018}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |first1 = T. |last1 = Grav |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. M. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = J. R. |last4 = Masiero |first5 = C. R. |last5 = Nugent |date = November 2012 |title = WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 10 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759...49G |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49 |arxiv = 1209.1549 }} (online catalog)
7. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Asteroid (3063) Makhaon – Proper elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?n=3063&pc=1.1.6 |accessdate = 5 June 2018}}
8. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |first1 = F. |last1 = Roig |first2 = A. O. |last2 = Ribeiro |first3 = R. |last3 = Gil-Hutton |date = June 2008 |title = Taxonomy of asteroid families among the Jupiter Trojans: comparison between spectroscopic data and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey colors |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 483 |issue = 3 |pages = 911–931 |bibcode = 2008A&A...483..911R |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20079177 |arxiv = 0712.0046 }}
9. ^1 {{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |title = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |journal = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 9780816532131 }}
10. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Asteroid 3063 Makhaon |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=3063+Makhaon |accessdate = 12 June 2018}}
11. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |first1 = D. |last1 = Lazzaro |first2 = C. A. |last2 = Angeli |first3 = J. M. |last3 = Carvano |first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz |first5 = R. |last5 = Duffard |first6 = M. |last6 = Florczak |date = November 2004 |title = S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids |url = http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/yarko-site/tmp/eos/NEW/spectral_type_figure/s3os2.pdf |journal = Icarus |volume = 172 |issue = 1 |pages = 179–220 |bibcode = 2004Icar..172..179L |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006 |access-date= 12 June 2018}}
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (3063) Makhaon |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=3063%7CMakhaon |accessdate = 12 June 2018}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 15 June 2018}}
14. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 15 June 2018}} (online, [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])
15. ^1 {{Cite journal |author = Alkema, Michael S. |date = July 2013 |title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Elephant Head Observatory: 2012 November - 2013 April |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013MPBu...40..133A |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 40 |issue = 3 |pages = 133–137 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2013MPBu...40..133A |access-date= 12 June 2018}}
16. ^1 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Stefano |last1 = Mottola |first2 = Mario |last2 = Di Martino |first3 = Anders |last3 = Erikson |first4 = Maria |last4 = Gonano-Beurer |first5 = Albino |last5 = Carbognani |first6 = Uri |last6 = Carsenty |first7 = Gerhard |last7 = Hahn |first8 = Hans-Josef |last8 = Schober |first9 = Felix |last9 = Lahulla |first10 = Marco |last10 = Delbò |first11 = Claes-Ingvar |last11 = Lagerkvist |date = May 2011 |title = Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 141 |issue = 5 |page = 32 |bibcode = 2011AJ....141..170M |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170 }}
17. ^1 {{Cite journal |first1 = Richard P. |last1 = Binzel |first2 = Linda M. |last2 = Sauter |date = February 1992 |title = Trojan, Hilda, and Cybele asteroids - New lightcurve observations and analysis |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1992Icar...95..222B |journal = Icarus |volume = 95 |issue = 2 |pages = 222–238 |issn = 0019-1035 |bibcode = 1992Icar...95..222B |doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(92)90039-A |access-date= 12 June 2018}}
18. ^1 {{Cite journal |first1 = Robert D. |last1 = Stephens |first2 = Daniel R. |last2 = Coley |first3 = Brian D. |last3 = Warner |first4 = Linda, M. |last4 = French |date = October 2016 |title = Lightcurves of Jovian Trojan Asteroids from the Center for Solar System Studies: L4 Greek Camp and Spies |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016MPBu...43..323S |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 43 |issue = 4 |pages = 323–331 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2016MPBu...43..323S |access-date= 12 June 2018}}
19. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |first1 = Linda M. |last1 = French |first2 = Robert D. |last2 = Stephens |first3 = Susan M. |last3 = Lederer |first4 = Daniel R. |last4 = Coley |first5 = Derrick A. |last5 = Rohl |date = April 2011 |title = Preliminary Results from a Study of Trojan Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38..116F |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 38 |issue = 2 |pages = 116–120 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2011MPBu...38..116F |access-date= 12 June 2018}}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

}}

External links

  • Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
  • Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
  • [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
  • {{AstDys|3063}}
  • {{JPL small body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Minor planets navigator |3062 Wren |number=3063 |3064 Zimmer}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Makhaon}}

5 : Jupiter trojans (Greek camp)|Discoveries by Lyudmila Karachkina|Minor planets named from Greek mythology|Named minor planets|Astronomical objects discovered in 1983
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