| 词条 | 320 mm Model 1934 naval gun |
| 释义 |
| name = Cannone navale da 320 | image = RNCavour-Napoli.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = This photo shows the typical fore-and-aft installation of a twin turret superfiring over a triple turret. | origin = Italy | type = Naval gun | is_ranged = YES | is_bladed = | is_explosive = | is_artillery = YES | is_vehicle = | is_UK = | service = 1937 – 1956{{sfn|Breyer|1973|pp=374–380}} | used_by = {{unbulleted list | Regia Marina | Soviet Navy | Italian Navy | wars = Second World War | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = | production_date = | number = | unit_cost = | variants = | weight = 64 tonnes{{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} | length = | part_length = 14 meters (550 inches){{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} | width = | height = | crew = | cartridge = {{convert|525|kg|lb|sigfig=3}}{{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} | caliber = {{convert|320|mm|in|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} | action = | rate = | velocity = 830 meters per second (2,700 ft/sec){{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} | range = | max_range = {{convert|30|km|mi}}{{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} | feed = | sights = | breech = | recoil = | carriage = | elevation = | traverse = }} The 320 mm naval gun was the main battery gun used to modernize Italy's World War I battleships for service during World War II.{{sfn|Breyer|1973|pp=374–380}} The guns were manufactured by boring out and relining the battleships' original 12"/46 (30 cm) built-up guns and modifying the turrets to increase elevation above the original 20° maximum. Each ship carried two 548-tonne twin turrets and two 745-tonne triple turrets. All guns used pneumatically operated side-swing Welin breech blocks. Each barrel could fire two rounds per minute.{{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} In service these guns chronically suffered of great horizontal dispersion, both from the worsened thermodynamic performance of the guns themselves and from the unequal quality of the shells fired.[1] M1934 gunsThe {{sclass-|Conte di Cavour|battleship|2}}s {{ship|Italian battleship|Conte di Cavour||2}} and {{ship|Italian battleship|Giulio Cesare||2}} originally mounted 13 guns as built in 1915 and 1914. These ships were rebuilt between 1933 and 1937 by removing the Q triple turret amidships and replacing guns in triple A turret, twin B and X turrets, and triple Y turret. Conte di Cavour carried Vickers Mk G guns while Giulio Cesare carried Pattern T guns built by Elswick Ordnance Company. Odero Terni Orlando (OTO) re-bored the Vickers guns while the Elswick guns were re-bored by Gio. Ansaldo & C.. Maximum gun elevation was increased to 27°.{{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} M1936 gunsThe {{sclass-|Andrea Doria|battleship|2}}s {{ship|Italian battleship|Andrea Doria||2}} and {{ship|Italian battleship|Caio Duilio||2}} originally mounted 13 guns as built in 1916 and 1915. These ships were similarly rebuilt between 1937 and 1940 by removing Q turret and replacing guns in A, B, X, and Y turrets. Pattern T guns aboard Caio Duilio were similarly rebuilt by Ansaldo while Mk G guns aboard Andrea Doria were rebuilt by OTO. Maximum gun elevation was increased to 30°.{{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} AmmunitionThe gun was loaded with four cloth bags each containing {{convert|44|kg}} of smokeless powder. High explosive (HE) shells weighed only {{convert|458|kg|lb|sigfig=3}}. Anticipated useful barrel life was 150 effective full charges (EFC).{{sfn|Campbell|1985|pp=322–324}} References
1. ^{{cite web|last1=Piccinotti|first1=Andrea|title=Cannoni|url=http://www.regiamarinaitaliana.it/Cannoni.html|website=REGIA MARINA ITALIANA|accessdate=7 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616063211/http://www.regiamarinaitaliana.it/Cannoni.html|archive-date=16 June 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
External links{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} 6 : Naval guns of Italy|World War II weapons of Italy|World War II artillery of Italy|320 mm artillery|World War II naval weapons|Gio. Ansaldo & C. artillery |
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