| 词条 | 340mm/45 Modèle 1912 gun |
| 释义 |
| name = 340mm/45 Modèle 1912 gun | image = Provence-main guns.jpg |image_size=300 | caption = The main guns of the battleship {{ship|French battleship|Provence||2}} | origin = France | type = Naval gun | is_ranged = YES | is_bladed = | is_explosive = | is_artillery = YES | is_vehicle = | is_UK = YES | service = | used_by = France | wars = First World War Second World War | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = | production_date = | number = | variants = Model 1912M Type C | weight = {{convert|66|t|abbr=on}} | length = | part_length = {{convert|15.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} L/45[1] | width = | height = | crew = | cartridge = Separate-loading, bagged charge and projectiles |cartridge_weight={{convert|382-575|kg|lb|abbr=on}}[1] | caliber = {{convert|340|mm|in|abbr=on|1}} | action = | rate = 2 rpm | velocity = {{convert|800|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}[2] | range = | max_range =Naval: {{convert|25-29|km|mi|abbr=on}} at +23° Coastal: {{convert|38.7|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} at +45°[1] | feed = | sights = | breech = Welin breech block | recoil = | carriage = | elevation =Naval: -5° to +15° Coastal: 0 to +50° | traverse =Fore and aft: -150° to +150° Q turret: +30 to +150 L/R[1] | blade_type = | hilt_type = | sheath_type = | head_type = | haft_type = | diameter = | filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = | armour = | primary_armament = | secondary_armament = | engine = | engine_power = | pw_ratio = | suspension = | speed = }} The 340mm/45 Modèle 1912 gun (13.4 in) was a heavy naval gun of the French Navy. While the calibres of the naval guns of the French Navy were usually very close to those of their British counterparts,{{efn|name=Brit guns}} the calibre of 340 mm is specific to the French Navy. The built-up gun was designed to be carried by the {{sclass-|Normandie|battleship|5}} and {{sclass-|Lyon|battleship|5}} classes in quadruple gun turrets, but no ship of these types was completed as a battleship. They were carried by the {{sclass-|Bretagne|battleship|2}}s in twin turrets. Some of these guns were used as railway guns and coastal artillery in World War I, also serving in World War II. Railway gunDue to the cancellation or conversion of most of the ships these guns were made for, the relatively large number of spare guns available facilitated their use as railway guns in both World Wars. Two batteries of 340 mm guns, with an authorized strength of one gun per battery, were operated by the 53rd Coast Artillery, U. S. Army, in World War I.[3] As with most French railway guns, after the Fall of France in World War II some of these weapons were used by the German army. Coast Defence GunDuring Operation Dragoon, the Free French battleship {{ship|French battleship|Lorraine||2}} was one of the units engaged with 'Big Willie', ex-French turret battery controlling the approaches to Toulon. 'Big Willie' was armed with the guns taken from the French battleship {{ship|French battleship|Provence||2}}, as a replacement for the original guns, sabotaged by its French crews, making this an unusual instance of both sides of an engagement using the 340mm/45 Modèle 1912 gun. {{clear}}See alsoWeapons of comparable role, performance and era
Notes and references{{notes| notes ={{efn | name = Brit guns | The 380mm is close to the British 15 inch, the 340mm to the 13.5 inch and the 305mm to the 12 inch. }} }} 1. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_134-45_m1912.php|title=France 34 cm/45 (13.4") Model 1912 and Model 1912M - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-15}} 2. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751804655|title=Naval Weapons of World War Onedirectory|last=Friedman|first=Norman|date=2011|publisher=Seaforth Pub|isbn=9781848321007|location=S. Yorkshire|oclc=751804655}} 3. ^53rd Coast Artillery in World War I External links{{Commons category|340mm/45 Modèle 1912 naval gun}}
5 : Naval guns of France|World War II naval weapons|340 mm artillery|Coastal artillery|Railway guns |
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