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词条 3581 Alvarez
释义

  1. Orbit and classification

  2. Naming

  3. Physical characteristics

      Rotation period    Diameter and albedo  

  4. Notes

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 3581 Alvarez
| background = #FA8072
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref =  [1]
| discoverer = C. Shoemaker
E. Shoemaker
| discovery_site = Palomar Obs.
| discovered = 23 April 1985
| mpc_name = (3581) Alvarez
| alt_names = 1985 HC{{·}}1962 JL
1971 KE{{·}}{{mp|1981 TG|4}}
| pronounced =
| named_after = Luis Alvarez
Walter Alvarez
{{small|(American scientists)}}[1]
| mp_category = Mars crosser [1][5]
| orbit_ref =  
| epoch = 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 56.37 yr (20,590 d)
| aphelion = 3.9009 AU
| perihelion = 1.6506 AU
| semimajor = 2.7757 AU
| eccentricity = 0.4053
| period = 4.62 yr (1,689 d)
| mean_anomaly = 79.224°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2131|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 28.858°
| asc_node = 217.47°
| arg_peri = 107.59°
| tisserand = 3.0440
| mean_diameter = {{val|13.69|1.37|ul=km}}[7]
| rotation = {{val|33.42|0.02|u=h}}[8]{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot}}
| albedo = {{val|0.113}}[7]
| spectral_type = SMASS {{=}} B [11][12]
| abs_magnitude = 12.10[13][11]
12.2[1]
12.30[7]
12.4[5][19][20]
}}3581 Alvarez, provisional designation {{mp|1985 HC}}, is a carbonaceous asteroid and a very large Mars-crosser on an eccentric orbit from the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|13.7|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 23 April 1985, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California.[1] The likely spherical B-type asteroid has a rotation period of 33.4 hours.[5] It was named for scientists Luis Alvarez and his son Walter Alvarez.[1]

Orbit and classification

Alvarez is a Mars-crossing asteroid, a dynamically unstable group between the main belt and the near-Earth populations, crossing the orbit of Mars at 1.66 AU.[1] However, due to the high inclination of its orbit, it never actually passes through the orbit of Mars since at perihelion it is well away from Mars' orbital plane.[26] It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.7–3.9 AU once every 4 years and 7 months (1,689 days; semi-major axis of 2.78 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.41 and an inclination of 29° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as {{mp|1962 JL}} at Goethe Link Observatory in May 1962, almost 23 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after planetary scientist Walter Alvarez (born 1940) and his Nobel-prize winning father, physicist Luis Walter Alvarez (1911–1988).[1] Both at University of California, Berkeley, they are best known for the discovery of a global geochemical anomaly of noble metals at the K-T boundary, which led to hypothesis that the dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid impact (also see Alvarez hypothesis). The official {{MoMP|3581|naming citation}} was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1988 ({{small|M.P.C. 12807}}),[30] just a few months after the naming was announcement on the occasion of the second Conference on Global Catastrophes in Earth History, held in October 1987 at Snowbird, Utah.[31]

Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Alvarez is a carbonaceous B-type asteroid, somewhat "brighter" than the more common C-type asteroids.

Rotation period

In September 2004, a rotational lightcurve of Alvarez was obtained from photometric observations by American photometrist William Koff at the Antelope Hills Observatory {{Obscode|H09}} in Bennett, Colorado. Lightcurve analysis gave a longer-than-average rotation period of {{val|33.42|0.02}} hours with a small brightness amplitude of {{val|0.06|0.02}} magnitude ({{small|U=2}}), indicative of a spherical rather than elongated shape.[8]{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot}} The result supersedes a previous period determination by Wiesław Wiśniewski from 1990, which gave a period of at least 24 hours ({{small|U=1}}).[20]

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Alvarez measures 13.69 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.113.[7] Previously published WISE data from 2013 and 2016 gave a concurring diameter of 14 and 13.7 kilometer with an albedo of 0.14 and 0.13, respectively.[13][11] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.057 and derives a diameter of 18.43 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.4.[5]

With a diameter close to 14 kilometers, Alvarez is larger than most sizeable Mars-crossing asteroids such as 1065 Amundsenia (9.75 km), 1139 Atami (9.35 km), 1011 Laodamia (7.39 km), 1727 Mette (5.44 km), 1131 Porzia (7.13 km), 1235 Schorria (5.55 km), 985 Rosina (8.18 km) and 1468 Zomba (7 km), comparable with 1310 Villigera (15.24 km) and 1474 Beira (15.46 km), but still smaller than the largest members of this dynamical group, namely, 132 Aethra, 323 Brucia (former Mars-crosser), 1508 Kemi, 2204 Lyyli and 512 Taurinensis, which are larger than 20 kilometers in diameter in at least one of the publications.

Notes

{{notelist|refs={{efn|name=lightcurve-plot|1=Lightcurve plot of (3581) Alvarez, Antelope Hills Observatory {{Obscode|H09}} rotation period {{val|33.42|0.02}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.06|0.02}} mag. Quality code is. Summary figures for (3581) Alvarez at the LCDB}}

}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |title = 3581 Alvarez (1985 HC) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3581 |accessdate = 23 October 2018}}
2. ^1 {{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 23 October 2018}}
3. ^1 {{Cite journal |last1 = Glen |first1 = William |date = December 1987 |title = Alvarez receives Astral Tribute |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1988EOSTr..69.1688G |journal = Eos |volume = 69 |issue = 52 |pages = 1688–1688 |bibcode = 1988EOSTr..69.1688G |doi = 10.1029/88EO01266 |access-date= 23 October 2018}}
4. ^1 {{Cite journal |first1 = Julia |last1 = de Leon |first2 = H. |last2 = Campins |first3 = K. |last3 = Tsiganis |first4 = A. |last4 = Morbidelli |first5 = J. |last5 = Licandro |date = October 2010 |title = Origin Of The Near-earth Asteroid Phaethon And The Geminids Meteor Shower |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2010DPS....42.1327D |journal = American Astronomical Society |volume = 42 |page = 1058 |bibcode = 2010DPS....42.1327D |access-date= 23 October 2018}}
5. ^1 {{cite web |title = Asteroid 3581 Alvarez |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=3581+Alvarez |accessdate = 23 October 2018}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (3581) Alvarez |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=3581%7CAlvarez |accessdate = 23 October 2018}}
7. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = V. |last1 = Alí-Lagoa |first2 = J. |last2 = de León |first3 = J. |last3 = Licandro |first4 = M. |last4 = Delbó |first5 = H. |last5 = Campins |first6 = N. |last6 = Pinilla-Alonso |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Kelley |date = June 2013 |title = Physical properties of B-type asteroids from WISE data |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013A&A...554A..71A |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 554 |page = 16 |bibcode = 2013A&A...554A..71A |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201220680 |arxiv = 1303.5487 |access-date= 23 October 2018}}
8. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = V. |last1 = Alí-Lagoa |first2 = J. |last2 = Licandro |first3 = R. |last3 = Gil-Hutton |first4 = |last4 = Cañ |first5 = M. |last5 = ada-Assandri |first6 = M. |last6 = Delbo' |first7 = J. |last7 = de León |first8 = H. |last8 = Campins |first9 = N. |last9 = Pinilla-Alonso |first10 = M. S. P. |last10 = Kelley |first11 = J. |last11 = Hanus |date = June 2016 |title = Differences between the Pallas collisional family and similarly sized B-type asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016A&A...591A..14A |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 591 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2016A&A...591A..14A |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201527660 |access-date= 23 October 2018}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal |first1 = V. |last1 = Alí-Lagoa |first2 = M. |last2 = Delbo' |date = July 2017 |title = Sizes and albedos of Mars-crossing asteroids from WISE/NEOWISE data |url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.10263.pdf |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 603 |page = 8 |bibcode = 2017A&A...603A..55A |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201629917 |arxiv = 1705.10263 |access-date= 23 October 2018}}
10. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |first1 = W. Z. |last1 = Wisniewski |first2 = T. M. |last2 = Michalowski |first3 = A. W. |last3 = Harris |first4 = R. S. |last4 = McMillan |date = April 1997 |title = Photometric Observations of 125 Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1997Icar..126..395W |journal = Icarus |volume = 126 |issue = 2 |pages = 395–449 |bibcode = 1997Icar..126..395W |doi = 10.1006/icar.1996.5665 |access-date= 23 October 2018}}
11. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |author = Koff, Robert A. |date = June 2005 |title = Lightcurve photometry of asteroids 212 Medea, 517 Edith, 3581 Alvarez 5682 Beresford, and 5817 Robertfrazer |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2005MPBu...32...32K |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 32 |issue = 2 |pages = 32–34 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2005MPBu...32...32K |access-date= 23 October 2018}}
12. ^1 {{cite journal |first1 = Petr |last1 = Pravec |first2 = Alan W. |last2 = Harris |first3 = Peter |last3 = Kusnirák |first4 = Adrián |last4 = Galád |first5 = Kamil |last5 = Hornoch |date = September 2012 |title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012Icar..221..365P |journal = Icarus |volume = 221 |issue = 1 |pages = 365–387 |bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026 |accessdate = 23 October 2018}}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

}}

External links

  • Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
  • Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
  • {{AstDys|3581}}
  • {{JPL small body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}{{Minor planets navigator |3580 Avery |number=3581 |3582 Cyrano}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alvarez}}

7 : Mars-crossing asteroids|Discoveries by Eugene Merle Shoemaker|Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker|Minor planets named for people|Named minor planets|B-type asteroids (SMASS)|Astronomical objects discovered in 1985
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