“3642 Frieden”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Frieden measures between 31.9 and 36.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.046 and 0.071.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.047 and a diameter of 35.1 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 11.2.^[7]

Rotation period

In April 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Frieden was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory ({{small|716}}), Colorado. It gave a well-defined rotation period of {{val|14.491|0.003}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val|0.13|0.02}} magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).^[9]

Naming

This minor planet was named after the German translation of the goddess Pax in the hope for peace ({{lang-de|Frieden}}) around the world.^[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1988 ({{small|M.P.C. 12808}}).^[35]

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3642) Frieden |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 306 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3640 |chapter = (3642) Frieden }}
2. ^¹²{{cite web |title = 3642 Frieden (1953 XL1) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3642 |accessdate = 29 October 2016}}
3. ^¹{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 29 October 2016}}
4. ^¹²³{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |access-date= 14 September 2016}}
5. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (3642) Frieden |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=3642%7CFrieden |accessdate = 29 October 2016}}
6. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004PDSS...12.....T |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date= 29 October 2016}}
7. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 29 October 2016}}
8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 }}
9. ^¹²{{cite journal |author = Warner, Brian D. |date = December 2006 |title = Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - March - June 2006 |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2006MPBu...33...85W |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 33 |issue = 4 |pages = 85–88 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2006MPBu...33...85W |access-date= 22 August 2016}}
10. ^¹{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 29 October 2016}}

词条	3642 Frieden
释义	Orbit and classification Physical characteristics Diameter and albedo Rotation period Naming References External links {{Infobox planet \| minorplanet = yes \| name = 3642 Frieden \| background = #D6D6D6 \| image = \| image_size = \| caption = \| discovery_ref = \| discovered = 4 December 1953 \| discoverer = H. Gessner \| discovery_site = Sonneberg Obs. \| mpc_name = (3642) Frieden \| alt_names = {{mp\|1953 XL\|1}}{{·}}1936 FU 1945 BD{{·}}1950 FK {{mp\|1959 CB\|1}}{{·}}{{mp\|1959 EB\|1}} {{mp\|1978 GB\|3}}{{·}}{{mp\|1982 BK\|8}} A908 ED \| pronounced = \| named_after = Pax {{small\|(goddess)}}^[2] \| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small\|(middle)}} \| orbit_ref = \| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) \| uncertainty = 0 \| observation_arc = 81.03 yr (29,595 days) \| aphelion = 3.0142 AU \| perihelion = 2.5600 AU \| semimajor = 2.7871 AU \| eccentricity = 0.0815 \| period = 4.65 yr (1,700 days) \| mean_anomaly = 202.73° \| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS\|0.2118\|sup=ms}} / day \| inclination = 13.472° \| asc_node = 131.30° \| arg_peri = 14.702° \| dimensions = {{val\|31.899\|0.126}} km^[4] {{val\|34.168\|0.310}} km^[5] {{val\|35.11\|1.1}} km^[6] 35.12 km {{small\|(derived)}}^[7] {{val\|36.04\|0.55}} km^[8] \| rotation = {{val\|14.491\|0.003}} h^[9] \| albedo = {{val\|0.046\|0.002}}^[8] 0.0474 {{small\|(derived)}}^[7] {{val\|0.0475\|0.003}}^[6] {{val\|0.0602\|0.0202}}^[5] {{val\|0.071\|0.007}}^[4] \| spectral_type = SMASS = C {{·}}C ^[7] \| abs_magnitude = {{val\|10.73\|0.50}}^[17]{{·}}11.0^[5]{{·}}11.2^[6]^[7]^[8] }}3642 Frieden, provisional designation {{mp\|1953 XL\|1}}, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Herta Gessner at Sonneberg Observatory on 4 December 1953.^[23] It is named after the goddess of peace, Pax.^[2] Orbit and classification Frieden orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,700 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The body was first identified as "1908 ED" at the U.S Taunton Observatory ({{small\|803}}) in 1908, while its first used observation was made at the Belgian Uccle Observatory 1936, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 17 years prior to its official discovery.^[23] Physical characteristics In the SMASS classification, Frieden is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid. Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Frieden measures between 31.9 and 36.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.046 and 0.071.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.047 and a diameter of 35.1 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 11.2.^[7] Rotation period In April 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Frieden was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory ({{small\|716}}), Colorado. It gave a well-defined rotation period of {{val\|14.491\|0.003}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val\|0.13\|0.02}} magnitude ({{small\|U=3}}).^[9] Naming This minor planet was named after the German translation of the goddess Pax in the hope for peace ({{lang-de\|Frieden}}) around the world.^[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1988 ({{small\|M.P.C. 12808}}).^[35] References 1. ^¹²³{{cite book \|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3642) Frieden \|last = Schmadel \| first = Lutz D. \|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg \|page = 306 \|date = 2007 \|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 \|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3640 \|chapter = (3642) Frieden }} 2. ^¹²{{cite web \|title = 3642 Frieden (1953 XL1) \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3642 \|accessdate = 29 October 2016}} 3. ^¹{{cite web \|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html \|accessdate = 29 October 2016}} 4. ^¹²³{{Cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Joseph R. \|last1 = Masiero \|first2 = T. \|last2 = Grav \|first3 = A. K. \|last3 = Mainzer \|first4 = C. R. \|last4 = Nugent \|first5 = J. M. \|last5 = Bauer \|first6 = R. \|last6 = Stevenson \|first7 = S. \|last7 = Sonnett \|date = August 2014 \|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 791 \|issue = 2 \|page = 11 \|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 \|arxiv = 1406.6645 \|access-date= 14 September 2016}} 5. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web \|title = LCDB Data for (3642) Frieden \|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) \|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=3642%7CFrieden \|accessdate = 29 October 2016}} 6. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|first1 = E. F. \|last1 = Tedesco \|first2 = P. V. \|last2 = Noah \|first3 = M. \|last3 = Noah \|first4 = S. D. \|last4 = Price \|date = October 2004 \|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004PDSS...12.....T \|journal = NASA Planetary Data System \|volume = 12 \|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 \|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T \|access-date= 29 October 2016}} 7. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Fumihiko \|last1 = Usui \|first2 = Daisuke \|last2 = Kuroda \|first3 = Thomas G. \|last3 = Müller \|first4 = Sunao \|last4 = Hasegawa \|first5 = Masateru \|last5 = Ishiguro \|first6 = Takafumi \|last6 = Ootsubo \|first7 = Daisuke \|last7 = Ishihara \|first8 = Hirokazu \|last8 = Kataza \|first9 = Satoshi \|last9 = Takita \|first10 = Shinki \|last10 = Oyabu \|first11 = Munetaka \|last11 = Ueno \|first12 = Hideo \|last12 = Matsuhara \|first13 = Takashi \|last13 = Onaka \|date = October 2011 \|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey \|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html \|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan \|volume = 63 \|issue = 5 \|pages = 1117–1138 \|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U \|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 \|access-date= 29 October 2016}} 8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = A. \|last1 = Mainzer \|first2 = T. \|last2 = Grav \|first3 = J. \|last3 = Masiero \|first4 = E. \|last4 = Hand \|first5 = J. \|last5 = Bauer \|first6 = D. \|last6 = Tholen \|first7 = R. S. \|last7 = McMillan \|first8 = T. \|last8 = Spahr \|first9 = R. M. \|last9 = Cutri \|first10 = E. \|last10 = Wright \|first11 = J. \|last11 = Watkins \|first12 = W. \|last12 = Mo \|first13 = C. \|last13 = Maleszewski \|date = November 2011 \|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 741 \|issue = 2 \|page = 25 \|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 \|arxiv = 1109.6407 }} 9. ^¹²{{cite journal \|author = Warner, Brian D. \|date = December 2006 \|title = Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - March - June 2006 \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2006MPBu...33...85W \|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin \|volume = 33 \|issue = 4 \|pages = 85–88 \|issn = 1052-8091 \|bibcode = 2006MPBu...33...85W \|access-date= 22 August 2016}} 10. ^¹{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Peter \|last1 = Veres \|first2 = Robert \|last2 = Jedicke \|first3 = Alan \|last3 = Fitzsimmons \|first4 = Larry \|last4 = Denneau \|first5 = Mikael \|last5 = Granvik \|first6 = Bryce \|last6 = Bolin \|first7 = Serge \|last7 = Chastel \|first8 = Richard J. \|last8 = Wainscoat \|first9 = William S. \|last9 = Burgett \|first10 = Kenneth C. \|last10 = Chambers \|first11 = Heather \|last11 = Flewelling \|first12 = Nick \|last12 = Kaiser \|first13 = Eugen A. \|last13 = Magnier \|first14 = Jeff S. \|last14 = Morgan \|first15 = Paul A. \|last15 = Price \|first16 = John L. \|last16 = Tonry \|first17 = Christopher \|last17 = Waters \|date = November 2015 \|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V \|journal = Icarus \|volume = 261 \|pages = 34–47 \|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V \|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 \|arxiv = 1506.00762 \|access-date= 29 October 2016}} ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] }} External links Lightcurve plot of 3642 Frieden, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2006) Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info) [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center {{AstDys\|3642}} {{JPL small body}} {{Minor planets navigator\|3641 Williams Bay \|number=3642 \|3643 Tienchanglin}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Frieden}} 4 : Background asteroids\|Named minor planets\|C-type asteroids (SMASS)\|Astronomical objects discovered in 1953
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Orbit and classification

Physical characteristics

Diameter and albedo

Rotation period

Naming

References

External links