“36 Ursae Majoris”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This star is a solar analog—meaning it has physical properties that make it similar to the Sun. It has 12% more mass and a radius 15% larger than the Sun,^[12] with an estimated age of 2.7 billion years.^[7] The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of F8 V, which indicates this is a main sequence star that is generating energy at its core through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen. The energy is being radiated into space from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 6,126 K.^[26] This gives the star the characteristic yellow-white hue of an F-type star.^[27]

36 Ursae Majoris has a magnitude 8.86 common proper motion companion with about half this star's mass^[28] at an angular separation of 122.5″ along a position angle of 303°, as of 2012. A second companion with a magnitude of 11.44 is located at an angular separation of 240.6″ along a position angle of 292°, as of 2004.^[29]

Hunt for substellar objects

According to Nelson & Angel (1998),^[1] 36 Ursae Majoris could host one or two (or at least three) jovian planets (or even brown dwarfs) at wide separations from the host star, with orbital periods of 10–15, 25 and 50 years respectively. The authors have set upper limits of 1.1–2, 5.3 and 24 Jupiter masses for the putative planetary objects. Also Lippincott (1983)^[2] had previously noticed the possible presence of a massive unseen companion (with nearly 70 times the mass of Jupiter, just below the stellar regime, thus a brown dwarf). Putative parameters for the substellar object show an orbital period of 18 years and quite a high eccentricity (e=0.8).

Even Campbell et al. 1988^[3] inferred the existence of planetary objects or even brown dwarfs less massive than 14 Jupiter masses around 36 Ursae Majoris.

Nevertheless, no certain planetary companion has yet been detected or confirmed. The McDonald Observatory team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets^[4] with masses between 0.13 and 2.5 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning between 0.05 and 5.2 AU.

An infrared excess has been detected around this star, most likely indicating the presence of a circumstellar disk at a radius of 38.6 AU. The temperature of this dust is 50 K.^[34]

References

1. ^The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions
2. ^An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris A from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61-CM refractor
3. ^A search for substellar companions to southern solar-type stars
4. ^[https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0604171 Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program]
5. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Chen | first1=Y. Q. | last2=Nissen | first2=P. E. | last3=Zhao | first3=G. | last4=Zhang | first4=H. W. | last5=Benoni | first5=T. | title=Chemical composition of 90 F and G disk dwarfs | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement | volume=141 | pages=491–506 | doi=10.1051/aas:2000124 | bibcode=2000A&AS..141..491C |arxiv = astro-ph/9912342 |date=February 2000}}
6. ^¹{{citation | author=Valenti, Jeff A. | author2=Fischer, Debra A. | title=Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars (SPOCS). I. 1040 F, G, and K Dwarfs from Keck, Lick, and AAT Planet Search Programs | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | volume=159 | issue=1 | pages=141–166 | doi=10.1086/430500 | bibcode=2005ApJS..159..141V |date=July 2005}}
7. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Nordström | first1=B. | last2=Mayor | first2=M. | last3=Andersen | first3=J. | last4=Holmberg | first4=J. | last5=Pont | first5=F. | last6=Jørgensen | first6=B. R. | last7=Olsen | first7=E. H. | last8=Udry | first8=S. | last9=Mowlavi | first9=N. | title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ˜14 000 F and G dwarfs | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=418 | pages=989–1019 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20035959 | bibcode=2004A&A...418..989N| issue=3 | arxiv=astro-ph/0405198 |date=May 2004}}
8. ^¹{{citation | last1=Schröder | first1=C. | last2=Reiners | first2=A. | last3=Schmitt | first3=J. H. M. M. | title=Ca II HK emission in rapidly rotating stars. Evidence for an onset of the solar-type dynamo | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=493 | issue=3 | pages=1099–1107 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200810377 | bibcode=2009A&A...493.1099S |date=January 2009| url=http://goedoc.uni-goettingen.de/goescholar/bitstream/handle/1/9690/aa10377-08.pdf?sequence=2 }}
9. ^¹²³⁴{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Johnson | first1=H. L. | last2=Iriarte | first2=B. | last3=Mitchell | first3=R. I. | last4=Wisniewskj | first4=W. Z. | title=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars | journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory | volume=4 | issue=99 | date=1966 | bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J }}
10. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Takeda | first1=Genya | last2=Ford | first2=Eric B. | last3=Sills | first3=Alison | last4=Rasio | first4=Frederic A. | last5=Fischer | first5=Debra A. | last6=Valenti | first6=Jeff A. | title=Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets. II. Physical Properties of ~1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | volume=168 | issue=2 | pages=297–318 | doi=10.1086/509763 | bibcode=2007ApJS..168..297T |arxiv = astro-ph/0607235 |date=February 2007}}
11. ^¹²³{{citation | title=HR 4112 -- Star in double system | work=SIMBAD | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HR+4112 | accessdate=2012-01-30 }}
12. ^¹{{citation|title=The Colour of Stars |date=December 21, 2004 |work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education |publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |accessdate=2012-01-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |archivedate=March 10, 2012 }}
13. ^¹²³{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Boyajian | first1=Tabetha S. | last2=McAlister | first2=Harold A. | last3=van Belle | first3=Gerard | last4=Gies | first4=Douglas R. | last5=ten Brummelaar | first5=Theo A. | last6=von Braun | first6=Kaspar | last7=Farrington | first7=Chris | last8=Goldfinger | first8=P. J. | last9=O'Brien | first9=David | last10=Parks | first10=J. Robert | last11=Richardson | first11=Noel D. | last12=Ridgway | first12=Stephen | last13=Schaefer | first13=Gail | last14=Sturmann | first14=Laszlo | last15=Sturmann | first15=Judit | last16=Touhami | first16=Yamina | last17=Turner | first17=Nils H. | last18=White | first18=Russel | title=Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. I. Main-sequence A, F, and G Stars | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=746 | issue=1 | page=101 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/101 | bibcode=2012ApJ...746..101B |arxiv = 1112.3316 |date=February 2012}}. See Table 10.
14. ^¹{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Eiroa | first1=C. | last2=Marshall | first2=J. P. | last3=Mora | first3=A. | last4=Montesinos | first4=B. | last5=Absil | first5=O. | last6=Augereau | first6=J. Ch. | last7=Bayo | first7=A. | last8=Bryden | first8=G. | last9=Danchi | first9=W. | last10=del Burgo | first10=C. | last11=Ertel | first11=S. | last12=Fridlund | first12=M. | last13=Heras | first13=A. M. | last14=Krivov | first14=A. V. | last15=Launhardt | first15=R. | last16=Liseau | first16=R. | last17=Löhne | first17=T. | last18=Maldonado | first18=J. | last19=Pilbratt | first19=G. L. | last20=Roberge | first20=A. | last21=Rodmann | first21=J. | last22=Sanz-Forcada | first22=J. | last23=Solano | first23=E. | last24=Stapelfeldt | first24=K. | last25=Thébault | first25=P. | last26=Wolf | first26=S. | last27=Ardila | first27=D. | last28=Arévalo | first28=M. | last29=Beichmann | first29=C. | last30=Faramaz | first30=V. | last31=González-García | first31=B. M. | last32=Gutiérrez | first32=R. | last33=Lebreton | first33=J. | last34=Martínez-Arnáiz | first34=R. | last35=Meeus | first35=G. | last36=Montes | first36=D. | last37=Olofsson | first37=G. | last38=Su | first38=K. Y. L. | last39=White | first39=G. J. | last40=Barrado | first40=D. | last41=Fukagawa | first41=M. | last42=Grün | first42=E. | last43=Kamp | first43=I. | last44=Lorente | first44=R. | last45=Morbidelli | first45=A. | last46=Müller | first46=S. | last47=Mutschke | first47=H. | last48=Nakagawa | first48=T. | last49=Ribas | first49=I. | last50=Walker | first50=H. | title=DUst around NEarby Stars. The survey observational results | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=555 | page=A11 | date=July 2013 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201321050 | bibcode=2013A&A...555A..11E | arxiv=1305.0155}}
15. ^¹{{citation | title=From Binaries to Multiples. II. Hierarchical Multiplicity of F and G Dwarfs | last1=Tokovinin | first1=Andrei | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=147 | issue=4 | id=87 | pages=14 | date=April 2014 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/147/4/87 | bibcode=2014AJ....147...87T | postscript=.|arxiv = 1401.6827 }}
16. ^¹{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Mason | first1=B. D. | last2=Wycoff | first2=G. L. | last3=Hartkopf | first3=W. I. | last4=Douglass | first4=G. G. | last5=Worley | first5=C. E. | title=The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog | year=2014 | bibcode=2001AJ....122.3466M | url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=B/wds | accessdate=2015-11-02 | postscript=.|doi = 10.1086/323920 }}

词条	36 Ursae Majoris
释义	Hunt for substellar objects References External links {{Starbox begin \| name = 36 Ursae Majoris }}{{Starbox observe \| epoch = J2000.0 \| constell = Ursa Major \| ra = {{RA\|10\|30\|37.5798}} \| dec = {{DEC\|+55\|58\|49.931}} \| appmag_v = 4.82^[3] }}{{Starbox character \| class = F8 V^[4] \| u-b = –0.01^[3] \| b-v = +0.52^[3] \| r-i = }}{{Starbox astrometry \| radial_v = +8.5^[7] \| prop_mo_ra = –176.71 \| prop_mo_dec = –33.21 \| parallax = 78.25 \| p_error = 0.28 \| parallax_footnote = \| absmag_v = 4.29^[7] }}{{Starbox detail \| mass = 1.121^[12] \| radius = {{nowrap\|1.091 ± 0.020}}^[13] \| gravity = 4.36^[14] \| metal_fe = –0.18^[14] \| age_gyr = 2.7^[7] \| temperature = {{nowrap\|6,233 ± 68}}^[13] \| luminosity = {{nowrap\|1.605 ± 0.042}}^[13] \| rotational_velocity = 5.5^[19] }}{{Starbox catalog \| names = 36 Ursae Majoris, BD+56 1459, FK5 394, HD 90839, HIP 51459, HR 4112, SAO 27670.^[4] }}{{starbox reference \|Simbad=+LDS+2863\|sn=The system \|Simbad2=36+UMa\|sn2=A \|Simbad3=TYC+3819-1043-1\|sn3=B }}{{Starbox end}}36 Ursae Majoris** is a double star^[4] in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. With an apparent visual magnitude of 4.82,^[3] it can be seen with the naked eye in suitable dark skies. Based upon parallax measurements, this star lies at a distance of {{Convert\|41.7\|ly\|pc\|abbr=off\|lk=on}} from Earth. This star is a solar analog—meaning it has physical properties that make it similar to the Sun. It has 12% more mass and a radius 15% larger than the Sun,^[12] with an estimated age of 2.7 billion years.^[7] The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of F8 V, which indicates this is a main sequence star that is generating energy at its core through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen. The energy is being radiated into space from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 6,126 K.^[26] This gives the star the characteristic yellow-white hue of an F-type star.^[27] 36 Ursae Majoris has a magnitude 8.86 common proper motion companion with about half this star's mass^[28] at an angular separation of 122.5″ along a position angle of 303°, as of 2012. A second companion with a magnitude of 11.44 is located at an angular separation of 240.6″ along a position angle of 292°, as of 2004.^[29] Hunt for substellar objects {{anchor\|36 Ursae Majoris}} According to Nelson & Angel (1998),^[1] 36 Ursae Majoris could host one or two (or at least three) jovian planets (or even brown dwarfs) at wide separations from the host star, with orbital periods of 10–15, 25 and 50 years respectively. The authors have set upper limits of 1.1–2, 5.3 and 24 Jupiter masses for the putative planetary objects. Also Lippincott (1983)^[2] had previously noticed the possible presence of a massive unseen companion (with nearly 70 times the mass of Jupiter, just below the stellar regime, thus a brown dwarf). Putative parameters for the substellar object show an orbital period of 18 years and quite a high eccentricity (e=0.8). Even Campbell et al. 1988^[3] inferred the existence of planetary objects or even brown dwarfs less massive than 14 Jupiter masses around 36 Ursae Majoris. Nevertheless, no certain planetary companion has yet been detected or confirmed. The McDonald Observatory team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets^[4] with masses between 0.13 and 2.5 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning between 0.05 and 5.2 AU. An infrared excess has been detected around this star, most likely indicating the presence of a circumstellar disk at a radius of 38.6 AU. The temperature of this dust is 50 K.^[34] References 1. ^The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions 2. ^An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris A from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61-CM refractor 3. ^A search for substellar companions to southern solar-type stars 4. ^[https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0604171 Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program] 5. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Chen \| first1=Y. Q. \| last2=Nissen \| first2=P. E. \| last3=Zhao \| first3=G. \| last4=Zhang \| first4=H. W. \| last5=Benoni \| first5=T. \| title=Chemical composition of 90 F and G disk dwarfs \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement \| volume=141 \| pages=491–506 \| doi=10.1051/aas:2000124 \| bibcode=2000A&AS..141..491C \|arxiv = astro-ph/9912342 \|date=February 2000}} 6. ^¹{{citation \| author=Valenti, Jeff A. \| author2=Fischer, Debra A. \| title=Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars (SPOCS). I. 1040 F, G, and K Dwarfs from Keck, Lick, and AAT Planet Search Programs \| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series \| volume=159 \| issue=1 \| pages=141–166 \| doi=10.1086/430500 \| bibcode=2005ApJS..159..141V \|date=July 2005}} 7. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Nordström \| first1=B. \| last2=Mayor \| first2=M. \| last3=Andersen \| first3=J. \| last4=Holmberg \| first4=J. \| last5=Pont \| first5=F. \| last6=Jørgensen \| first6=B. R. \| last7=Olsen \| first7=E. H. \| last8=Udry \| first8=S. \| last9=Mowlavi \| first9=N. \| title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ˜14 000 F and G dwarfs \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=418 \| pages=989–1019 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20035959 \| bibcode=2004A&A...418..989N\| issue=3 \| arxiv=astro-ph/0405198 \|date=May 2004}} 8. ^¹{{citation \| last1=Schröder \| first1=C. \| last2=Reiners \| first2=A. \| last3=Schmitt \| first3=J. H. M. M. \| title=Ca II HK emission in rapidly rotating stars. Evidence for an onset of the solar-type dynamo \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=493 \| issue=3 \| pages=1099–1107 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200810377 \| bibcode=2009A&A...493.1099S \|date=January 2009\| url=http://goedoc.uni-goettingen.de/goescholar/bitstream/handle/1/9690/aa10377-08.pdf?sequence=2 }} 9. ^¹²³⁴{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Johnson \| first1=H. L. \| last2=Iriarte \| first2=B. \| last3=Mitchell \| first3=R. I. \| last4=Wisniewskj \| first4=W. Z. \| title=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars \| journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory \| volume=4 \| issue=99 \| date=1966 \| bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J }} 10. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Takeda \| first1=Genya \| last2=Ford \| first2=Eric B. \| last3=Sills \| first3=Alison \| last4=Rasio \| first4=Frederic A. \| last5=Fischer \| first5=Debra A. \| last6=Valenti \| first6=Jeff A. \| title=Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets. II. Physical Properties of ~1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog \| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series \| volume=168 \| issue=2 \| pages=297–318 \| doi=10.1086/509763 \| bibcode=2007ApJS..168..297T \|arxiv = astro-ph/0607235 \|date=February 2007}} 11. ^¹²³{{citation \| title=HR 4112 -- Star in double system \| work=SIMBAD \| publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg \| url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HR+4112 \| accessdate=2012-01-30 }} 12. ^¹{{citation\|title=The Colour of Stars \|date=December 21, 2004 \|work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education \|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation \|url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html \|accessdate=2012-01-16 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html \|archivedate=March 10, 2012 }} 13. ^¹²³{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Boyajian \| first1=Tabetha S. \| last2=McAlister \| first2=Harold A. \| last3=van Belle \| first3=Gerard \| last4=Gies \| first4=Douglas R. \| last5=ten Brummelaar \| first5=Theo A. \| last6=von Braun \| first6=Kaspar \| last7=Farrington \| first7=Chris \| last8=Goldfinger \| first8=P. J. \| last9=O'Brien \| first9=David \| last10=Parks \| first10=J. Robert \| last11=Richardson \| first11=Noel D. \| last12=Ridgway \| first12=Stephen \| last13=Schaefer \| first13=Gail \| last14=Sturmann \| first14=Laszlo \| last15=Sturmann \| first15=Judit \| last16=Touhami \| first16=Yamina \| last17=Turner \| first17=Nils H. \| last18=White \| first18=Russel \| title=Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. I. Main-sequence A, F, and G Stars \| journal=The Astrophysical Journal \| volume=746 \| issue=1 \| page=101 \| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/101 \| bibcode=2012ApJ...746..101B \|arxiv = 1112.3316 \|date=February 2012}}. See Table 10. 14. ^¹{{cite journal \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Eiroa \| first1=C. \| last2=Marshall \| first2=J. P. \| last3=Mora \| first3=A. \| last4=Montesinos \| first4=B. \| last5=Absil \| first5=O. \| last6=Augereau \| first6=J. Ch. \| last7=Bayo \| first7=A. \| last8=Bryden \| first8=G. \| last9=Danchi \| first9=W. \| last10=del Burgo \| first10=C. \| last11=Ertel \| first11=S. \| last12=Fridlund \| first12=M. \| last13=Heras \| first13=A. M. \| last14=Krivov \| first14=A. V. \| last15=Launhardt \| first15=R. \| last16=Liseau \| first16=R. \| last17=Löhne \| first17=T. \| last18=Maldonado \| first18=J. \| last19=Pilbratt \| first19=G. L. \| last20=Roberge \| first20=A. \| last21=Rodmann \| first21=J. \| last22=Sanz-Forcada \| first22=J. \| last23=Solano \| first23=E. \| last24=Stapelfeldt \| first24=K. \| last25=Thébault \| first25=P. \| last26=Wolf \| first26=S. \| last27=Ardila \| first27=D. \| last28=Arévalo \| first28=M. \| last29=Beichmann \| first29=C. \| last30=Faramaz \| first30=V. \| last31=González-García \| first31=B. M. \| last32=Gutiérrez \| first32=R. \| last33=Lebreton \| first33=J. \| last34=Martínez-Arnáiz \| first34=R. \| last35=Meeus \| first35=G. \| last36=Montes \| first36=D. \| last37=Olofsson \| first37=G. \| last38=Su \| first38=K. Y. L. \| last39=White \| first39=G. J. \| last40=Barrado \| first40=D. \| last41=Fukagawa \| first41=M. \| last42=Grün \| first42=E. \| last43=Kamp \| first43=I. \| last44=Lorente \| first44=R. \| last45=Morbidelli \| first45=A. \| last46=Müller \| first46=S. \| last47=Mutschke \| first47=H. \| last48=Nakagawa \| first48=T. \| last49=Ribas \| first49=I. \| last50=Walker \| first50=H. \| title=DUst around NEarby Stars. The survey observational results \| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics \| volume=555 \| page=A11 \| date=July 2013 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201321050 \| bibcode=2013A&A...555A..11E \| arxiv=1305.0155}} 15. ^¹{{citation \| title=From Binaries to Multiples. II. Hierarchical Multiplicity of F and G Dwarfs \| last1=Tokovinin \| first1=Andrei \| journal=The Astronomical Journal \| volume=147 \| issue=4 \| id=87 \| pages=14 \| date=April 2014 \| doi=10.1088/0004-6256/147/4/87 \| bibcode=2014AJ....147...87T \| postscript=.\|arxiv = 1401.6827 }} 16. ^¹{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Mason \| first1=B. D. \| last2=Wycoff \| first2=G. L. \| last3=Hartkopf \| first3=W. I. \| last4=Douglass \| first4=G. G. \| last5=Worley \| first5=C. E. \| title=The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog \| year=2014 \| bibcode=2001AJ....122.3466M \| url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=B/wds \| accessdate=2015-11-02 \| postscript=.\|doi = 10.1086/323920 }} ^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] }} External links The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris A from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61-CM refractor A search for substellar companions to southern solar-type stars [https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0604171 Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program] {{Stars of Ursa Major}} 11 : Ursa Major (constellation)\|F-type main-sequence stars\|K-type main-sequence stars\|Solar-type stars\|Triple stars\|Flamsteed objects\|HR objects\|Henry Draper Catalogue objects\|Hipparcos objects\|Durchmusterung objects\|Gliese and GJ objects
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Hunt for substellar objects

References

External links