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词条 4000 Hipparchus
释义

  1. Orbit and classification

  2. Naming

  3. Physical characteristics

      Rotation period    Diameter and albedo  

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 4000 Hipparchus
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref =  [1]
| discoverer = S. Ueda
H. Kaneda
| discovery_site = Kushiro Obs.
| discovered = 4 January 1989
| mpc_name = (4000) Hipparchus
| alt_names = 1989 AV{{·}}1963 XA
{{mp|1975 TW|4}}{{·}}{{mp|1977 FZ|2}}
{{mp|1978 NG|8}}{{·}}{{mp|1979 WU|4}}
{{mp|1984 YX|5}}{{·}}{{mp|1987 SD|18}}
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|h|ɪ|ˈ|p|ɑr|k|ə|s}}
| named_after = Hipparchus [2]
{{nowrap|{{small|(ancient Greek astronomer)}}}}
| mp_category = main-belt [1]{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}
background [5]
| orbit_ref =  
| epoch = 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 63.50 yr (23,192 d)
| aphelion = 2.8835 AU
| perihelion = 2.2968 AU
| semimajor = 2.5901 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1133
| period = 4.17 yr (1,523 d)
| mean_anomaly = 78.842°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2364|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 2.7163°
| asc_node = 318.53°
| arg_peri = 173.15°
| mean_diameter = {{val|15.13|4.81|ul=km}}[7]
{{val|17.485|0.032|u=km}}[8][9]
{{val|18.217|0.094|u=km}}[10]
{{val|18.87|0.59|u=km}}[11]
| rotation = {{val|3.418|0.001|ul=h}}[12]
| albedo = {{val|0.0388}}[10]
{{val|0.046}}[11]
{{val|0.05}}[7]
{{val|0.052}}[8][9]
| spectral_type =
| abs_magnitude = 12.60[8][10][11]
12.8[1][23]
13.01[7]
}}4000 Hipparchus ({{IPAc-en|h|ɪ|ˈ|p|ɑr|k|ə|s}}), provisional designation {{mp|1989 AV}}, is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 4 January 1989, by Japanese astronomers Seiji Ueda and Hiroshi Kaneda at the Kushiro Observatory on Hokkaido, Japan.[1] The likely carbonaceous asteroid has a short rotation period of 3.4 hours.[23] It was named for the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus.[2]

Orbit and classification

Hipparchus is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[5] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 2 months (1,523 days; semi-major axis of 2.59 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at the Palomar Observatory in November 1954, or more than 34 years prior to its official discovery observation at Kushiro {{Obscode|399}}.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature after the Greek astronomer Hipparchus ({{c.|lk=no|190|120}} {{sc|bc}}), considered to be the greatest astronomer of ancient times. Hipparchus introduced a systematic and critical approach to both theoretical and observational astronomy. He is also honored by a lunar and a Martian crater (Hipparchus and Hipparchus, respectively).[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 21 November 1991 ({{small|M.P.C. 19335}}).[32] The asteroid is one of several early "kilo-numbered" minor planets that were dedicated to renowned scientists or institutions including:[33]

  • 1000 Piazzia named for Giuseppe Piazzi, discoverer of Ceres
  • 2000 Herschel for William Herschel who discovered Uranus
  • 3000 Leonardo for the Italian polymath of the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci

4000 Hipparchus is follow by the asteroids 5000 IAU (for the International Astronomical Union), 6000 United Nations (for the United Nations), 7000 Curie (for the pioneers on radioactivity, Marie and Pierre Curie), and {{nowrap|8000 Isaac Newton}} (for Isaac Newton),[33] while 9000 Hal (after HAL 9000 from the movie A Space Odyssey) and 10000 Myriostos (after the Greek word for ten-thousandth, and to honor all astronomers) were named based on their direct numeric accordance.

Physical characteristics

Based on its low albedo of around 0.04–0.05 (see below), Hipparchus is likely of a carbonaceous rather than siliceous composition, among which the C-type asteroid are the most common ones in the asteroid belt.

Rotation period

In February 2014, a rotational lightcurve of Hipparchus was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the Phillips Academy {{Obscode|I12}} and HUT {{Obscode|H16}} observatories. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of {{val|3.418|0.001}} hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).[12] A previous observation at the Palomar Transient Factory from August 2012, only gave a fragmentary lightcurve with a longer period of 7.935 hours ({{small|U=1}}).[36]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Hipparchus measures between 15.13 and 18.87 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.039 and 0.052.[7][8][9][10][11] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid (rather than for a carbonaceous one) and consequently and calculates a smaller diameter of 8.18 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.8.[23]

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4000) Hipparchus |pages = 341 |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3985 |chapter = (4000) Hipparchus }}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title = 4000 Hipparchus (1989 AV) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=4000 |accessdate = 31 October 2018}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 31 October 2018}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 }}
5. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Small Bodies Data Ferret |work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action |access-date= 31 October 2018}}
6. ^1 2 {{Cite book |first1 = Linda T. |last1 = Elkins-Tanton |title = Asteroids, Meteorites, and Comets |date = 2010 |page = 96 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=K-0xBsMsursC&pg=PA16 |access-date= 31 October 2018|isbn = 9781438131863 }}
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (4000) Hipparchus |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=4000%7CHipparchus |accessdate = 31 October 2018}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. K. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = J. M. |last2 = Bauer |first3 = R. M. |last3 = Cutri |first4 = T. |last4 = Grav |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = J. R. |last6 = Masiero |first7 = C. R. |last7 = Nugent |first8 = S. M. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. A. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = June 2016 |title = NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |pages = EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0 |bibcode = 2016PDSS..247.....M |access-date= 31 October 2018}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 }}
10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 31 October 2018}} (online, [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])
11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 }} (catalog)
12. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Caroline E. |last1 = Odden |first2 = J. Brooke |last2 = Bond |first3 = Ashok K. |last3 = Aggarwal |first4 = Yoon |last4 = Seokjun |first5 = Kathryn J. |last5 = Chapman |first6 = Liam G. |last6 = Fortin |first7 = David B. |last7 = He |first8 = Cooper D. |last8 = Hurley |first9 = Laurent |last9 = Joli-Coeur |first10 = John |last10 = Little |first11 = A. Miles |last11 = Neumann |first12 = Marelene |last12 = Ortega |first13 = Ji Tae |last13 = Park |first14 = Malina |last14 = Simard-Halm |first15 = Matthew I. |last15 = Simon |first16 = Isabel O. |last16 = Taylor |first17 = Emily C. |last17 = Zhu |date = October 2014 |title = Lightcurve Analysis for Three Asteroids: 4000 Hipparchus, 5256 Farquhar and 5931 Zhvanetskij |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014MPBu...41..274O |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 41 |issue = 4 |pages = 274–275 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2014MPBu...41..274O |access-date= 31 October 2018}}
13. ^1 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041 }}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

}}

External links

  • [https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=4000+Hipparchus Asteroid 4000 Hipparchus], Small Bodies Data Ferret
  • Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
  • Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
  • {{AstDys|4000}}
  • {{JPL small body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}{{Minor planets navigator |3999 Aristarchus |number=4000 |4001 Ptolemaeus }}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hipparchus}}

6 : Background asteroids|Discoveries by Seiji Ueda|Discoveries by Hiroshi Kaneda|Minor planets named for people|Named minor planets|Astronomical objects discovered in 1989
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