| 词条 | 4029 Bridges |
| 释义 |
| minorplanet = yes | name = 4029 Bridges | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = | discovered = 24 May 1982 | discoverer = C. Shoemaker | discovery_site = Palomar Obs. | mpc_name = (4029) Bridges | alt_names = {{mp|1982 KC|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1974 HS|2}} 1975 TQ{{·}}1978 AF {{mp|1978 JJ|2}}{{·}}1982 OX 1986 JF | pronounced = | named_after = Patricia M. Bridges {{small|(planetary cartographer)}}[2] | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}} [3] | orbit_ref = | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 42.93 yr (15,680 days) | aphelion = 2.8575 AU | perihelion = 2.1925 AU | semimajor = 2.5250 AU | eccentricity = 0.1317 | period = 4.01 yr (1,466 days) | mean_anomaly = 287.79° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2456|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 5.4383° | asc_node = 214.78° | arg_peri = 16.729° | satellites = 1[5][6]{{efn|name=CBET-507}} {{small|(D: 1.87 km; P: 16.317 h)}} | dimensions = {{val|7.433|0.122}} km[7] {{val|7.91}} km[8] {{val|8.015|0.073}} km[9] | rotation = {{val|3.57459|0.0001}} h[10] {{val|3.5746|0.0001}} h[6] {{val|3.5748|0.0002}} h[12] {{val|3.57491|0.0003}} h{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2011}} {{val|3.6941|0.0002}} h[13] | albedo = {{val|0.1848}}[8] {{val|0.2007|0.0148}}[9] {{val|0.265|0.036}}[7] | spectral_type = S [17][3] | abs_magnitude = {{val|12.40|0.10}} {{small|(R)}}[10]{{·}}{{val|12.49|0.02}} {{small|(R)}}{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2011}}{{·}}12.8{{·}}12.85[9]{{·}}{{val|12.96|0.094}}[3][8]{{·}}{{val|13.03|0.50}}[17] }} 4029 Bridges, provisional designation {{mp|1982 KC|1}}, is a stony asteroid and binary system from the middle regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 May 1982, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory, California, and named after American USGS planetary cartographer Patricia M. Bridges.[2][26] Orbit and classificationBridges is a stony S-type asteroid that orbits the Sun in the middle main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.9 AU once every 4.01 years (1,466 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. With a semi-major axis of 2.525 AU, Bridges is near the main-belt's Kirkwood gap at 2.5 AU, which corresponds to the 3:1 orbital resonance with the gas giant Jupiter. It is, however, not a member of the Alinda family due to its much lower eccentricity. It was first identified as {{mp|1974 HS|2}} at the Chilean Cerro El Roble Observatory in 1974, extending the body's observation arc by 8 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.[26] Physical characteristicsPrimaryRotation periodIn May 2002, a first rotational lightcurve of Bridges was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomers René Roy and Laurent Bernasconi. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.6941 hours with a brightness variation of 0.24 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).[13] A large number of observations have followed since 2006, when a satellite in orbit of Bridges was discovered (see below).{{efn|name=CBET-507}} Between 2007 and 2012, several observation by astronomers Petr Pravec and gave a period between 3.57459 and 3.5754 hours with an amplitude between 0.18 and 0.29 magnitude ({{small|U=3/3/3/3/3}}).[10][12]{{efn|name=lightcurves-October-2007}}{{efn|name=lightcurves-May-2010}}{{efn|name=lightcurves-June-2010}}{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2011}} Diameter and albedoAccording to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Bridges measures 7.433 and 8.015 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.265 and 0.2007, respectively.[7][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-data, that is, an albedo of 0.1848 and a diameter of 7.91 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.96.[3][8] SatelliteIn April and May 2006, Bridges was observed by astronomers David Higgins at Hunters Hill Observatory ({{small|E14}}), Australia, Petr Pravec and Peter Kušnirák at Ondřejov Observatory Czech Republic, Walter R. Cooney Jr., John Gross and Dirk Terrell at Sonoita Research Observatory ({{small|G94}}), United States, and Robert Stephens at Santana Observatory {{small|(646)}}, United States.{{efn|name=CBET-507}} The observed mutual occultation/eclipsing events revealed, that Bridges is a binary asteroid, that is orbited every {{val|16.31|0.01}} hours by a minor-planet moon.[6]{{efn|name=CBET-507}} A refined orbital period of 16.317 hours was later published.[3][10] Based on the system's secondary-to-primary mean-diameter ratio of {{val|0.24|0.02}},[6] the satellite measures approximately {{val|1.87|0.16}} kilometers in diameter.[5] Johnston's Archive also estimates a semi-major axis of 13 kilometers for the moon's orbit.[5] NamingThis minor planet was named after Patricia M. Bridges, planetary cartographer with the United States Geological Survey. Bridges has created detailed maps of several planetary body's surface features, and has been an airbrushing expert for shaded lunar relief maps based on spacecraft images.[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 12 December 1989 ({{small|M.P.C. 15576}}).[43] Notes{{notelist|30em|refs={{efn|name=CBET-507|1=Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams – CBET No. 507 for (4029) Bridges, 8 May 2006:Photometric observation taken between 11 April and 4 May 2006, revealed that {{mp|(4029) Bridges}} is a binary system. Its satellite has an orbital period of {{val|16.31|0.01}} hours. The primary has a rotation period of {{val|3.5746|0.0001}} hours and a brightness amplitude of 0.20 magnitude. The observed mutual occultation/eclipsing events are 0.06 to 0.12 magnitude deep. The system has a secondary-to-primary mean-diameter ratio of {{val|0.24|0.02}} Reported by: D. Higgins, Canberra, Australia; P. Pravec and P. Kusnirak, Ondrejov Observatory; W. Cooney, J. Gross, and D. Terrell, Sonoita Research Observatory, Sonoita, AZ; and R. Stephens, Yucca Valley, CA. }}{{efn|name=lightcurves-October-2007|1=(4029) Bridges – unpublished photometry at Ondřejov Observatory. Credits: CarbuncleH,Ond,SPles; date: 5 Oct 2007 — 12 Nov 2007; period: {{val|3.5752|0.0001}}; amplitude {{val|0.21}}:
Remarks: P_orb = 16.31 +/- 0.02 h, a lower limit on D_2/D_1 = 0.32 +/- 0.02. H_R estimated assuming G = 0.24 +/- 0.11 }}{{efn|name=lightcurves-May-2010|1=(4029) Bridges – unpublished photometry at Ondřejov Observatory. Credits: HuntersH,Prompt; date: 8–19 May 2010; period: {{val|3.5754|0.0002}}; amplitude {{val|0.23}}
}}{{efn|name=lightcurves-June-2010|1=(4029) Bridges – unpublished photometry at Ondřejov Observatory. Credits: HuntersH, Prompt, Khar; date: 4–9 June 2010 ; period: {{val|3.5752|0.0002}}; amplitude {{val| 0.29}}
}}{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2011|1=(4029) Bridges – unpublished photometry at Ondřejov Observatory. Credits: Ondrejov; date: 16 Oct 2011 – 1 Nov 2011; period: {{val|3.57491|0.00009}}; amplitude {{val|0.23}}
}} }} References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4029) Bridges |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 344 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4012 |chapter = (4029) Bridges }} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]2. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = 4029 Bridges (1982 KC1) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=4029 |accessdate = 6 April 2017}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 6 April 2017}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (4029) Bridges |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#004029 |accessdate = 6 April 2017}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last1 = Johnston |first1 = Robert |title = (4029) Bridges |url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-04029.html |website = johnstonsarchive.net |accessdate = 6 April 2017}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |access-date= 6 April 2017}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (4029) Bridges |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=4029%7CBridges |accessdate = 6 April 2017}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. 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6 : Background asteroids|Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker|Minor planets named for people|Named minor planets|Binary asteroids|Astronomical objects discovered in 1982 |
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