| 词条 | 426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami |
| 释义 |
|title= 426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami |pre-1900 = yes |local-date= 426 BC |map2 ={{Location map | Greece |relief=1 | label= | lat=38.87 | long=22.62 | mark=Bullseye1.png | marksize=40 | position=top | width= 250 | float=right | caption=}} |image= |image alt= |map= |map_alt= |magnitude= Unknown |depth= |location= {{coord|38.87|N|22.62|E|display=inline,title}} |countries affected=Ancient Greece |tsunami= Yes |casualties= Unknown }} The 426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami devastated the coasts of the Malian and Euboean Gulfs, Greece, in the summer of 426 BC.[1][2] Thucydides inquired into its causes, and concluded that the tsunami must have been caused by an earthquake,[3] He was thus historically the first known to correctly interpret the cause of a tsunami as a preceding geological event.[4] Herodotus, in contrast, had attributed the Potidaea tsunami to the divine wrath of Poseidon.[5] Ancient recordsThe Malian Gulf tsunami was caused by one of a series of earthquakes in the summer of 426 BC which affected the course of the Peloponnesian War by forcing the advancing Spartans to abort their planned invasion of Attica.[6] Strabo reported that throughout Greece parts of islands were submerged, rivers permanently displaced and towns devastated.[7] The tsunami itself hit the coast of the Malian Gulf at three different places,[7] reaching towns as far as three quarters of a mile inland.[8] The force of the tsunami was such that at one place a trireme was lifted out of its dock and thrown over a city wall.[7] Thucydides gave the following account, noting the characteristic sequence of quake, receding water and huge wave: About the same time that these earthquakes were so common, the sea at Orobiae, in Euboea, retiring from the then line of coast, returned in a huge wave and invaded a great part of the town, and retreated leaving some of it still under water; so that what was once land is now sea; such of the inhabitants perishing as could not run up to the higher ground in time. A similar inundation also occurred at Atalanta, the island off the Opuntian-Locrian coast, carrying away part of the Athenian fort and wrecking one of two ships which were drawn up on the beach. At Peparethus also the sea retreated a little, without however any inundation following; and an earthquake threw down part of the wall, the town hall, and a few other buildings. While the epicentre of the 426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami quake is yet to be located, evidence points at a crustal movement along one of the faults in the Euboean gulf, rather than submarine landslides.[9] See also
Footnotes1. ^{{harnvb|Antonopoulos|1992|pp=83–93}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://prezi.com/jyrvnauuohhx/malian-gulf-greece-tsunami/|title=Malian Gulf, Greece Tsunami|work=prezi.com|accessdate=13 February 2015}} 3. ^1 Thucydides: "A History of the Peloponnesian War", 3.89.2–5 4. ^{{harnvb|Smid|1970|pp=103f.}} 5. ^Herodotus: "The Histories", 8.129 6. ^Thucydides: “A History of the Peloponnesian War”, 3.89.1 7. ^1 2 Strabo, "Geography", 1.3.20 8. ^{{harnvb|Antonopoulos|1992|p=87}} 9. ^{{harnvb|Antonopoulos|1992|p=88}} References
| last = Antonopoulos | first = John | title = The Tsunami of 426 BC in the Maliakos Gulf, Eastern Greece | journal = Natural Hazards | volume = 5 | issue = | pages = 83–93 | year = 1992 | doi=10.1007/BF00127141 }}
| last = Smid | first = T. C. | title = 'Tsunamis' in Greek Literature | journal = Greece & Rome | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 100–104 | year = 1970 | doi=10.1017/s0017383500017393 }} Further reading
9 : Earthquakes in Greece|1st-millennium BC earthquakes|426 BC|Historiography of Greece|Classical Greece|History of Phthiotis|1st-millennium BC natural events|Ancient natural disasters|Tsunamis in Greece |
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