“4899 Candace”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as {{mp|1952 QL|1}} at Palomar in August 1952, or 36 years prior to its official discovery observation.^[2]

Physical characteristics

Rotation period

In April 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Candace was obtained from photometric observations by Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 40.7 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).{{efn|name=LCDB-Pravec-2011}}

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Candace measures between 6.205 and 8.56 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.087 and 0.4213.^[7]^[8]^[10]^[11]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony members of the Phocaea family of 0.23 and calculates a diameter of 7.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.8.^[4]

Naming

This minor planet was named after American chemist Candace P. Kohl, who has been investigating ancient solar activity through analysis of nuclides in lunar rocks. She has also contributed in the development of dating techniques of cosmic-ray-produced nuclides in Earth surface materials. She is known for her popular astronomy lectures. Citation provided by Kunihiko Nishiizumi (also see {{MoMP|4898|4898 Nishiizumi}}) at the request of the discoverers.^[2]^[3]^[1] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 12 July 1995 ({{small|M.P.C. 25443}}).^[38]

Notes

References

1. ^Solar Eclipse Newsletter, May 2003, Vol. 8, Issue 5, p.3
2. ^¹²³{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4899) Candace |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 422 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4790 |chapter = (4899) Candace }}
3. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web |title = 4899 Candace (1988 JU) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=4899 |accessdate = 7 January 2018}}
4. ^¹{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 7 January 2018}}
5. ^¹²³{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 }}
6. ^¹²{{cite web |title = Small Bodies Data Ferret |work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action |accessdate = 7 January 2018}}
7. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (4899) Candace |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=4899%7CCandace |accessdate = 7 January 2018}}
8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 }}
9. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 7 January 2018}}
10. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 |access-date= 7 January 2018}}
11. ^¹{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 7 January 2018}}

词条	4899 Candace
释义	Orbit and classification Physical characteristics Rotation period Diameter and albedo Naming Notes References External links {{Infobox planet \| minorplanet = yes \| name = 4899 Candace \| background = #D6D6D6 \| image = \| image_size = \| caption = \| discovery_ref = \| discoverer = C. Shoemaker E. M. Shoemaker \| discovery_site = Palomar Obs. \| discovered = 9 May 1988 \| mpc_name = (4899) Candace \| alt_names = 1988 JU{{·}}{{mp\|1952 QL\|1}} {{mp\|1977 EZ\|1}}{{·}}{{mp\|1977 FK\|1}} \| pronounced = \| named_after = Candace P. Kohl ^[2]^[3] {{small\|(American chemist)}} \| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small\|(inner)}} Phocaea ^[4]{{·}}background ^[5] \| orbit_ref = \| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) \| uncertainty = 0 \| observation_arc = 40.31 yr (14,724 days) \| aphelion = 2.8121 AU \| perihelion = 1.9324 AU \| semimajor = 2.3722 AU \| eccentricity = 0.1854 \| period = 3.65 yr (1,335 days) \| mean_anomaly = 331.34° \| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS\|0.2698\|sup=ms}} / day \| inclination = 22.564° \| asc_node = 190.20° \| arg_peri = 74.203° \| dimensions = {{val\|6.205\|0.030}} km^[7] {{val\|6.526\|0.107}} km^[8] 7.63 km {{small\|(calculated)}}^[4] {{val\|7.80\|1.80}} km^[10] {{val\|8.56\|0.66}} km^[11] \| rotation = {{val\|40.7}} h{{efn\|name=LCDB-Pravec-2011}} \| albedo = {{val\|0.087\|0.014}}^[11] {{val\|0.23\|0.09}}^[10] {{val\|0.293\|0.045}}^[8] {{val\|0.4213\|0.0617}}^[7] \| spectral_type = S {{small\|(assumed)}}^[4] \| abs_magnitude = 12.6^[7]{{·}}12.8^[4]{{·}}12.90^[10]{{·}}{{val\|13.36\|0.51}}^[21]{{·}}13.60^[11] }}4899 Candace, provisional designation {{mp\|1988 JU}}, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 May 1988, by astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named after American chemist Candace Kohl.^[2]^[3] Orbit and classification Candace is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population based on the hierarchical clustering method.^[5] It has also been considered a member of the Phocaea family ({{small\|701}}).^[4] It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,335 days; semi-major axis of 2.37 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as {{mp\|1952 QL\|1}} at Palomar in August 1952, or 36 years prior to its official discovery observation.^[2] Physical characteristics Candace is an assumed stony S-type asteroid.^[4] Rotation period In April 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Candace was obtained from photometric observations by Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 40.7 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude ({{small\|U=2}}).{{efn\|name=LCDB-Pravec-2011}} Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Candace measures between 6.205 and 8.56 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.087 and 0.4213.^[7]^[8]^[10]^[11] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony members of the Phocaea family of 0.23 and calculates a diameter of 7.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.8.^[4] Naming This minor planet was named after American chemist Candace P. Kohl, who has been investigating ancient solar activity through analysis of nuclides in lunar rocks. She has also contributed in the development of dating techniques of cosmic-ray-produced nuclides in Earth surface materials. She is known for her popular astronomy lectures. Citation provided by Kunihiko Nishiizumi (also see {{MoMP\|4898\|4898 Nishiizumi}}) at the request of the discoverers.^[2]^[3]^[1] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 12 July 1995 ({{small\|M.P.C. 25443}}).^[38] Notes {{notelist\|refs={{efn\|name=LCDB-Pravec-2011\|1=Pravec (2011) web: rotation period {{val\|40.7}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val\|0.15}} mag. (CarbH, Modra, Ondr. Observatories; Kusnirak, Pravec) Quality Code of 2. Ondrejov Asteroid Photometry Project. Summary figures at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) for (4899) Candace and Pravec, P.; Wolf, M.; Sarounova, L. (2007), (data)}} }} References 1. ^Solar Eclipse Newsletter, May 2003, Vol. 8, Issue 5, p.3 2. ^¹²³{{cite book \|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4899) Candace \|last = Schmadel \| first = Lutz D. \|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg \|page = 422 \|date = 2007 \|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 \|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4790 \|chapter = (4899) Candace }} 3. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web \|title = 4899 Candace (1988 JU) \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=4899 \|accessdate = 7 January 2018}} 4. ^¹{{cite web \|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html \|accessdate = 7 January 2018}} 5. ^¹²³{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Joseph R. \|last1 = Masiero \|first2 = T. \|last2 = Grav \|first3 = A. K. \|last3 = Mainzer \|first4 = C. R. \|last4 = Nugent \|first5 = J. M. \|last5 = Bauer \|first6 = R. \|last6 = Stevenson \|first7 = S. \|last7 = Sonnett \|date = August 2014 \|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 791 \|issue = 2 \|page = 11 \|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 \|arxiv = 1406.6645 }} 6. ^¹²{{cite web \|title = Small Bodies Data Ferret \|work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 \|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action \|accessdate = 7 January 2018}} 7. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite web \|title = LCDB Data for (4899) Candace \|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) \|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=4899%7CCandace \|accessdate = 7 January 2018}} 8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = A. \|last1 = Mainzer \|first2 = T. \|last2 = Grav \|first3 = J. \|last3 = Masiero \|first4 = E. \|last4 = Hand \|first5 = J. \|last5 = Bauer \|first6 = D. \|last6 = Tholen \|first7 = R. S. \|last7 = McMillan \|first8 = T. \|last8 = Spahr \|first9 = R. M. \|last9 = Cutri \|first10 = E. \|last10 = Wright \|first11 = J. \|last11 = Watkins \|first12 = W. \|last12 = Mo \|first13 = C. \|last13 = Maleszewski \|date = November 2011 \|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 741 \|issue = 2 \|page = 25 \|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 \|arxiv = 1109.6407 }} 9. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Fumihiko \|last1 = Usui \|first2 = Daisuke \|last2 = Kuroda \|first3 = Thomas G. \|last3 = Müller \|first4 = Sunao \|last4 = Hasegawa \|first5 = Masateru \|last5 = Ishiguro \|first6 = Takafumi \|last6 = Ootsubo \|first7 = Daisuke \|last7 = Ishihara \|first8 = Hirokazu \|last8 = Kataza \|first9 = Satoshi \|last9 = Takita \|first10 = Shinki \|last10 = Oyabu \|first11 = Munetaka \|last11 = Ueno \|first12 = Hideo \|last12 = Matsuhara \|first13 = Takashi \|last13 = Onaka \|date = October 2011 \|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey \|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html \|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan \|volume = 63 \|issue = 5 \|pages = 1117–1138 \|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U \|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 \|access-date= 7 January 2018}} 10. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = C. R. \|last1 = Nugent \|first2 = A. \|last2 = Mainzer \|first3 = J. \|last3 = Masiero \|first4 = J. \|last4 = Bauer \|first5 = R. M. \|last5 = Cutri \|first6 = T. \|last6 = Grav \|first7 = E. \|last7 = Kramer \|first8 = S. \|last8 = Sonnett \|first9 = R. \|last9 = Stevenson \|first10 = E. L. \|last10 = Wright \|date = December 2015 \|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 814 \|issue = 2 \|page = 13 \|bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 \|arxiv = 1509.02522 \|access-date= 7 January 2018}} 11. ^¹{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Peter \|last1 = Veres \|first2 = Robert \|last2 = Jedicke \|first3 = Alan \|last3 = Fitzsimmons \|first4 = Larry \|last4 = Denneau \|first5 = Mikael \|last5 = Granvik \|first6 = Bryce \|last6 = Bolin \|first7 = Serge \|last7 = Chastel \|first8 = Richard J. \|last8 = Wainscoat \|first9 = William S. \|last9 = Burgett \|first10 = Kenneth C. \|last10 = Chambers \|first11 = Heather \|last11 = Flewelling \|first12 = Nick \|last12 = Kaiser \|first13 = Eugen A. \|last13 = Magnier \|first14 = Jeff S. \|last14 = Morgan \|first15 = Paul A. \|last15 = Price \|first16 = John L. \|last16 = Tonry \|first17 = Christopher \|last17 = Waters \|date = November 2015 \|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V \|journal = Icarus \|volume = 261 \|pages = 34–47 \|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V \|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 \|arxiv = 1506.00762 \|access-date= 7 January 2018}} ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] }} External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info) [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center {{JPL small body}} {{Minor planets navigator \|4898 Nishiizumi \|number=4899 \|4900 Maymelou\|}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Candace}} 6 : Background asteroids\|Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker\|Discoveries by Eugene Merle Shoemaker\|Minor planets named for people\|Named minor planets\|Astronomical objects discovered in 1988
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