| 词条 | 4th Bombardment Squadron | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|unit_name= 4th Bombardment Squadron |image=34bg-b17.jpg |caption=34th Bomb Group B-17G Flying Fortress[1] |dates=1941-1945 |country={{flag|United States|23px}} |allegiance= |branch=United States Army Air Forces |type= |role=Bombardment |size= |command_structure= |current_commander= |garrison= |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |nickname= |patron= |motto= |colors= |march= |mascot= |battles=European Theater of Operations |notable_commanders= |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label=4th Bombardment Squadron emblem (approved 22 January 1942)[2] |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label= }} The 4th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 34th Bombardment Group at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 28 August 1945. The squadron was activated in January 1941 at Langley Field, Virginia. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron performed antisubmarine patrols. The squadron moved to the western United States and was a training unit until the end of 1943. It then trained for combat and moved to the European Theater of Operations in April 1944. It participated in combat from May 1944 until VE Day. It returned to the United States in the summer of 1945 and was inactivated. HistoryThe squadron was activated at Langley Field, Virginia in January 1941 as the 4th Bombardment Squadron, one of the original squadrons of the 34th Bombardment Group, and equipped with a mixture of B-17C and B-17D Flying Fortresses and Douglas B-18 Bolos. Along with the 34th Group, the squadron moved to Westover Field, Massachusetts four months after they were activated.[2][3] After the Pearl Harbor attack the squadron began antisubmarine patrols off the Northeast coast of the United States, but soon became part of Western Defense Command and moved to Pendleton Field, Oregon. By the summer of 1942, Second Air Force had become primarily a heavy bomber training force and the squadron became a B-17 Replacement Training Unit (RTU) at Geiger Field.[3] RTUs were oversized units which trained aircrews prior to their deployment to combat theaters.[4] On 15 December 1942 the squadron moved to Blythe Army Air Base, California a base of the Desert Training Center.[5] The unit provided cadres for a number of heavy bomber units that served with Eighth Air Force during this period.[8] The 4th began training with Consolidated B-24 Liberators for overseas combat operations on 5 January 1944. Its ground echelon moved to the port of embarkation on 1 April 1944,[3][8] while the air echelon began its overseas movement on 31 May 1944, taking the southern ferry route, from Florida to Trinidad, Brazil, West Africa and Marrakesh arriving at RAF Valley, Wales.[7] The squadron arrived at its permanent station, RAF Mendlesham, England, in April 1944 and entered combat on 23 May 1944.[3][7] The squadron helped to prepare for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, by bombing airfields in France and Germany, and supported the June landings by attacking coastal defenses and communications. It supported ground forces at Saint-Lô in late July and struck V-1 flying bomb launch sites, gun emplacements, and supply lines throughout the summer of 1944.[3] The mixture of B-24s and B-17s in the 3d Bombardment Division presented a number of operational problems, and in early 1944 plans had begun at VIII Bomber Command headquarters to standardize the division with the Flying Fortress.[8] The 34th Group flew its last B-24 mission on 24 August 1944.[7] It transferred its Liberators for overhaul and eventual transfer to units of the 2d Bombardment Division,[9] and began converting to B-17s. It flew its first mission with the new planes on 17 September 1944.[3][7] The squadron engaged primarily in bombardment of strategic objectives from October 1944 to February 1945. Targets included marshaling yards in Ludwigshafen, Hamm, Osnabrück, and Darmstadt; oil centers in Bielefeld, Merseburg, Hamburg, and Misburg; factories in Berlin, Dalteln, and Hanover; and airfields in Münster, Neumünster, and Frankfurt.[3] During this period the squadron also supported ground forces during the Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945. In March 1945, with few enemy industrial targets remaining and with Allied armies advancing across Germany, the 4th turned almost solely to interdicting enemy communications and supporting Allied ground forces.[3] The 4th flew its last combat mission on 20 April 1945.[7] After V-E Day the squadron flew missions carrying food to flooded areas of the Netherlands and transported prisoners of war from German camps to Allied centers. The squadron redeployed to the United States in June and July 1945.[3] The first elements of the air echelon departed 19 June 1945. The ground echelon sailed aboard the {{RMS|Queen Elizabeth}} from Southampton on 6 August 1945. Upon arrival in the states, unit personnel were given 30 days leave.[7] The squadron reassembled at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 28 August 1945.[3] Lineage
Activated on 15 January 1941 Redesignated 4th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 20 August 1943 Inactivated on 28 August 1945[2] Assignments
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Campaigns
See also{{Portal|United States Air Force|Military of the United States}}ReferencesNotes1. ^The aircraft is Lockheed/Vega B-17G-65-VE Serial 44-8457 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 26-27 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 87-89 4. ^Craven & Cate (eds.), Vol. VI, p. xxxvi 5. ^Wilson, p. 128 6. ^The plane is Douglas-Tulsa B-24H-15-DT Serial 41-28851 of the 7th Bomb Squadron. This aircraft was damaged during a mission on 24 August 1944 and made an emergency landing in Sweden (MACR 8461). The aircraft was interned until the end of the war then repaired and flown back to the UK in 1945. 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Freeman (1970), p. 240 8. ^Freeman (1970), p. 156 9. ^Freeman (1970), p. 172 10. ^Station number in Anderson Citations{{reflist|2}}Bibliography{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
External links{{Commons category|34th Bombardment Group (United States Army Air Forces)|34th Bombardment Group}}
4 : Bombardment squadrons of the United States Army Air Forces|Military units and formations established in 1940|American Theater of World War II|World War II strategic bombing units |
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