| 词条 | 4th Cavalry Brigade (United Kingdom) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|unit_name=4th Cavalry Brigade |image= |caption= |dates= 1815 1900 1914–1919 1939–1941 |country={{flag|United Kingdom|23px}} |allegiance= British Crown |branch={{army|United Kingdom|23px}} |type=Cavalry |role= |size=Brigade |command_structure =2nd Cavalry Division (World War I) 1st Cavalry Division (World War II) |garrison= |garrison_label= |nickname= |patron= |motto= |colors= |colors_label= |march= |mascot= |equipment= |equipment_label= |battles=Napoleonic Wars Battle of WaterlooWorld War I Western FrontWorld War II Anglo-Iraqi War Syria-Lebanon Campaign Battle of Palmyra |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= |battle_honours_label= |disbanded= |flying_hours= |website= |commander1= |commander1_label= |commander2= |commander2_label= |commander3= |commander3_label= |commander4= |commander4_label= |notable_commanders=Sir John Ormsby Vandeleur The Hon Sir Cecil Edward Bingham James Joseph Kingstone |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label= |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label= |identification_symbol_3= |identification_symbol_3_label= |identification_symbol_4= |identification_symbol_4_label= }} The 4th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army. It served in the Napoleonic Wars (notably at the Battle of Waterloo), in the First World War on the Western Front where it was initially assigned to The Cavalry Division before spending most of the war with the 2nd Cavalry Division, and with the 1st Cavalry Division during World War II. HistoryNapoleonic WarsFrom June 1809, Wellington organized his cavalry into one, later two, cavalry divisions (1st and 2nd) for the Peninsular War.[1] These performed a purely administrative, rather than tactical, role;[2] the normal tactical headquarters were provided by brigades commanding two, later usually three, regiments.[3] The cavalry brigades were named for the commanding officer, rather than numbered.{{efn|This could be a source of confusion as brigades acquired new commanders, or they moved between brigades. For example, Fane's Brigade became De Grey's Brigade from 13 May 1810 when Henry Fane went to Estremadura;[4] De Grey's Brigade was broken up 29 January 1812.[5] On 20 May 1813, Fane took over Slade's Brigade;[6] the second Fane's Brigade was unrelated to the original one although coincidentally, and to add to the potential confusion, the 3rd Dragoon Guards served in both.[7]}} For the Hundred Days Campaign, he numbered his British cavalry brigades in a single sequence, 1st to 7th.{{efn|The British cavalry included five regiments of the King's German Legion.[8][9]}} The 4th Cavalry Brigade consisted of:
It was commanded by Major General Sir John Ormsby Vandeleur.[10] The brigade took part in the Battle of Waterloo. During the battle, the 11th Light Dragoons suffered 63 casualties (12 killed, 28 wounded, 23 missing), the 12th Light Dragoons 111 (47 killed, 64 wounded) and the 16th Light Dragoons just 30 (10 killed, 20 wounded).[11] This represented a loss rate of about 15%.{{efn|11th Light Dragoons had a strength of 442, 12th Light Dragoons 433, and 16th Light Dragoons 440.[12] }} Second Boer WarFollowing the outbreak of the Second Boer War in late 1899, a 4th Cavalry Brigade was established under the command of Major-General John Dickson.[13] The brigade was composed of squadrons from the 7th Dragoon Guards, 8th Hussars and 17th Lancers, with drafts from the 19th Hussars and 1st Dragoons, and was mobilized for service on 1 January 1900, leaving for South Africa the following month.[14] The Mounted Infantry for the brigade was 300 men strong, and was drawn from the 2nd Battalion Leicestershire Regiment, the 1st Battalion Royal Berkshire Regiment, the 1st Battalion Yorkshire Light Infantry, the 2nd Battalion Manchester Regiment, the 4th Battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, and the 4th Battalion of the Rifle Brigade, with a machine-gun section from the 2nd Battalion Liverpool Regiment.[15] The No. 20 Field Hospital Royal Army Medical Corps was attached to the brigade.[16] World War IMobilization4th Cavalry Brigade was a peacetime formation of the British Army, based in Eastern Command. At the outbreak of the war, it was headquartered at Canterbury and commanded the 6th Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers) (at Canterbury), 3rd (King's Own) Hussars (at Shorncliffe) and 4th Signal Troop, Royal Engineers (at Canterbury). A number of units were attached to the brigade: the 19th (Queen Alexandra's Own Royal) Hussars at Hounslow, the Woolwich-based X Brigade, RHA (P and R Batteries), II Brigade, RHA (consisting of just C Battery and based at Canterbury) and King Edward's Horse of the Special Reserve (based at Chelsea).[17] On mobilization, the brigade was brought up to its full – three regiment – strength with the addition of the Household Cavalry Composite Regiment;{{efn|The Household Cavalry Composite Regiment was formed on mobilization by taking one squadron from each of the Household Cavalry regiments (1st Life Guards at Hyde Park, 2nd Life Guards at Regent's Park and the Royal Horse Guards at Windsor).[18]}} 4th Cavalry Brigade Field Ambulance also joined[19] and the attached units departed at this point.{{efn|19th Hussars was split up, with squadrons attached to the 4th, 5th and 6th Infantry Divisions as divisional cavalry squadrons;[20] X Brigade, RHA remained at Woolwich throughout the war in a training role as X (Reserve) Brigade, RHA;[21] C Battery, RHA joined XIV Brigade in 7th Division at Lyndhurst on formation;[22] and King Edward's Horse was later split up, with squadrons attached to the 12th, 47th and 48th Infantry Divisions as divisional cavalry squadrons.[23]}} The brigade joined The Cavalry Division along with 1st, 2nd and 3rd Cavalry Brigades and moved to France in August 1914.[24] Early ActionsWith The Cavalry Division, the brigade took part in a number of actions during the early war of movement: the Battle of Mons (23–24 August), the Battle of Le Cateau (26 August), the Action at Néry (1 September), the Battle of the Marne (6–9 September) and the Battle of the Aisne (12–15 September).[24] The brigade was transferred to the 2nd Cavalry Division on 14 October 1914 to bring it up to the standard three brigade strength. It remained with the division on the Western Front until the end of the war.[25] 2nd Cavalry DivisionIn 1914, the brigade, with the division, took part in First Battle of Ypres, notably the battle of Gheluvelt (29–31 October).[26] On 11 November, the Household Cavalry Composite Regiment was broken up and its constituent squadrons rejoined their parent regiments.[18] The 1/1st Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars, a Yeomanry regiment, joined in its place.[27] In 1915, the division was in action at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle (10–12 March 1915) and the Second Battle of Ypres notably the Battle of St Julien (26 April–3 May) and the Battle of Bellewaarde Ridge (24–25 May).[26] On 28 February 1916, a Machine Gun Squadron was formed from the machine gun sections of the brigade's constituent regiments.[28] 1916 saw no notable actions, but in 1917 the division saw action in the Battle of Arras (First Battle of the Scarpe, 9–11 April). and the Battle of Cambrai (the Tank Attack of 20–21 November, the Capture of Bourlon Wood of 24–28 November and the German Counter-Attack of 30 November–3 December).[26] At other times, the brigade formed a dismounted unit and served in the trenches as a regiment under the command of the brigadier.[29] War of movement1918 saw the return of the war of movement and the division took part in the First Battle of the Somme notably the Battle of St Quentin (21–23 March), the Battle of the Lys (Battle of Hazebrouck of 14–15 April), the Battle of Amiens (8–11 August) and the Second Battle of the Somme (Battle of Albert of 21–23 August and the Second Battle of Bapaume of 31 August–3 September).[30] The division was then split up with the 4th Cavalry Brigade serving with Third Army. The brigade took part in the battles of the Hindenburg Line, notably the Battle of the Canal du Nord (27 September–1 October) and the Pursuit to the Selle (9–12 October). Its final action was to take part in the Advance in Picardy (17 October–11 November) including the Battle of the Sambre (4 November), still with Third Army.[30] ArmisticeAt the Armistice, the brigade had reached Erquelinnes with Third Army. On 15 November, the division was re-assembled near Maubeuge and ordered to advance into Germany as an advance screen for Fourth Army and form part of the Occupation Force. The move began on 17 November, Ciney and Rochefort were reached five days later.[30] In late December, the division moved to winter quarters south and south-east of Liège. It remained here until 30 January 1919 when it exchanged regiments with 1st and 3rd Cavalry Divisions then gradually moved back to England. The Division ceased to exist at midnight 31 March / 1 April 1919.[30] Units in WWI
World War IIThe 4th Cavalry Brigade was reformed in October 1939 and took command of a composite regiment of Household Cavalry and two Yeomanry regiments (North Somerset Yeomanry and Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry).[33] It joined the 1st Cavalry Division when it was formed on 31 October 1939.[34] With the 1st Cavalry Division, the 4th Cavalry Brigade departed the United Kingdom in February 1940, transited across France, and arrived in Palestine on 20 February 1940. It served as a garrison force under British Forces, Palestine and Trans-Jordan.[45] From 6 May 1941 the brigade, together with a battalion of infantry from the Essex Regiment, a mechanised regiment from the Arab Legion and supporting artillery was organised as Habforce for operations in Iraq including the relief of the base at RAF Habbaniya and the occupation of Baghdad. Following this, in July 1941 it was placed under the command of I Australian Corps and was involved in operations against the Vichy French in Syria, advancing from eastern Iraq near the Trans-Jordan border on Palmyra to secure the Haditha – Tripoli oil pipeline.[35] On 1 August 1941, the Division was converted into the 10th Armoured Division[34] and the 4th Cavalry Brigade into the 9th Armoured Brigade.[45] 9th Armoured Brigade would later take part in the Second Battle of El Alamein and the Italian Campaign.[36] Units in WWIIUnlike in the First World War, when brigade compositions rarely changed, there was considerable movement of units between the 4th, 5th and 6th Cavalry Brigades in the Second World War.
Of the three regiments with the brigade when it was converted to an armoured formation:
CommandersThe 4th Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders during World War I:[25]
The 4th Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders during World War II:[44]
See also{{Portal|British Army|Napoleonic Wars|World War I|World War II}}
Notes{{notelist|2}}References1. ^{{harvnb|Reid|2004|p=79}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Haythornthwaite|1990|p=103}} 3. ^{{harvnb|Reid|2004|p=75}} 4. ^{{harvnb|Reid|2004|p=80}} 5. ^{{harvnb|Reid|2004|p=83}} 6. ^{{harvnb|Reid|2004|p=85}} 7. ^{{harvnb|Reid|2004|pp=79–86}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.napoleonic-literature.com/Waterloo_OB/Allied.htm |title=The Anglo-Allied Army at napoleonic-literature.com |accessdate=2013-03-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717034259/http://www.napoleonic-literature.com/Waterloo_OB/Allied.htm |archivedate=17 July 2012 }} 9. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.napolun.com/mirror/napoleonistyka.atspace.com/British_Order_of_Battle_WATERLOO.html | title=Wellington's Army in 1815 | accessdate=25 August 2014}} 10. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1998|p=540}} 11. ^{{harvnb|Smith|1998|p=544}} 12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.napolun.com/mirror/napoleonistyka.atspace.com/British_Order_of_Battle_WATERLOO.html | title=Battle of Waterloo | publisher=Napolun.com | accessdate=11 September 2013}} 13. ^{{London Gazette|issue=27168|page=1260|date=23 February 1900}} 14. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=The War – The fourth Cavalry Brigade |day_of_week=Thursday |date=1 February 1900 |page_number=10 |issue=36054 }} 15. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=The War – The fourth Cavalry Brigade |day_of_week=Wednesday |date=7 February 1900 |page_number=8 |issue=36059 }} 16. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=The War – Embarcation of Troops|day_of_week=Monday |date=19 February 1900 |page_number=12 |issue=36069 }} 17. ^{{cite web | url = http://marksrussianmilitaryhistory.info/BRIT14.html | title = The British Army, 1914 | last1 = Conrad | first1 = Mark | year = 1996 | accessdate = 8 August 2013}} 18. ^1 2 {{harvnb|James|1978|p=11}} 19. ^{{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=5}} 20. ^{{harvnb|James|1978|p=12}} 21. ^{{harvnb|Clarke|1993|p=59}} 22. ^{{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=84}} 23. ^{{harvnb|James|1978|p=15}} 24. ^1 {{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=6}} 25. ^1 {{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=10}} 26. ^1 2 {{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=14}} 27. ^1 {{harvnb|James|1978|p=26}} 28. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.1914-1918.net/mgccav.html | title=Cavalry units of the Machine Gun Corps | publisher=The Long Long Trail | last=Baker | first=Chris | accessdate=7 August 2013}} 29. ^{{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=11}} 30. ^1 2 3 {{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=15}} 31. ^1 {{harvnb|Becke|1935|p=12}} 32. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.1914-1918.net/2cavdiv.htm | title=The 2nd Cavalry Division in 1914–1918 | publisher=The Long Long Trail | last=Baker | first=Chris | accessdate=8 August 2013}} 33. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ordersofbattle.com/Units/UnitData?UniX=1373 | title=4 Cavalry Brigade | publisher=www.ordersofbattle.com | accessdate=6 September 2013}} 34. ^1 {{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=33}} 35. ^{{cite web | url=http://homepages.force9.net/rothwell/trans-jo.htm | title=Orders of Battle: Arab Legion | accessdate=25 November 2008 | last=Rothwell | first=Steve}} 36. ^{{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=163}} 37. ^{{harvnb|Bellis|1994|p=10}} 38. ^{{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=190}} 39. ^1 {{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=191}} 40. ^{{harvnb|Bellis|1994|p=10}} 41. ^1 {{harvnb|Bellis|1994|p=20}} 42. ^{{harvnb|Mileham|1994|p=117}} 43. ^{{harvnb|Mileham|1994|p=115}} 44. ^1 2 {{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=189}} Bibliography
| ref = harv | last = Becke | first = Major A.F. | year = 1935 | title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 1. The Regular British Divisions | publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office | location = London | isbn = 1-871167-09-4 }}
| ref = harv | last = Bellis | first = Malcolm A. | year = 1994 | title = Regiments of the British Army 1939–1945 (Armour & Infantry) | publisher = Military Press International | location = London | isbn = 0-85420-999-9 }}
| ref = harv | last = Clarke | first = W.G. | year = 1993 | title = Horse Gunners: The Royal Horse Artillery, 200 Years of Panache and Professionalism | publisher = The Royal Artillery Institution | location = Woolwich | isbn = 09520762-0-9 }}
| ref = harv | last = Haythornthwaite | first = Philip J. | year = 1990 | title = The Napoleonic Source Book | publisher = Guild Publishing | location = London }}
| ref = harv | last = James | first = Brigadier E.A. | year = 1978 | title = British Regiments 1914–18 | publisher = Samson Books Limited | location = London | isbn = 0-906304-03-2 }}
| ref = harv | last = Joslen | first = Lt-Col H.F. | year = 1990 | origyear = 1st. Pub. HMSO:1960 | title = Orders of Battle, Second World War, 1939–1945 | publisher = London Stamp Exchange | location = London | isbn = 0-948130-03-2 }}
| ref = harv | last = Mileham | first = Patrick | year = 1994 | title = The Yeomanry Regiments; 200 Years of Tradition | publisher = Canongate Academic | location = Edinburgh | isbn = 1-898410-36-4 }}
| ref = harv | last = Reid | first = Stuart | year = 2004 | title = Wellington's Army in the Peninsula 1809–14 | volume = Volume 2 of Battle Orders Series | publisher = Osprey Publishing | location = Oxford | isbn = 1-84176-517-1 }}
| ref = harv | last = Smith | first = Digby | year = 1998 | title = The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book | publisher = Greenhill Books | location = London | isbn = 1-85367-276-9 }} External links
8 : Cavalry brigades of the British Army|Military units and formations established in 1815|Military units and formations disestablished in 1815|Military units and formations established in 1914|Military units and formations disestablished in 1919|Military units and formations established in 1939|Military units and formations disestablished in 1941|1815 establishments in the United Kingdom |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。