| 词条 | German submarine U-490 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
German submarine U-490 was a Type XIV supply and replenishment U-boat ("Milchkuh") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 21 February 1942, by Germaniawerft of Kiel as yard number 559. She was launched on 24 December 1942 and commissioned on 27 March 1943, with Leutnant zur See Wilhelm Gerlach in command. He remained in command throughout the boat's short career.[1] The U-boat's service life commenced with the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 27 March 1943 to 31 March 1944 (for training). She then served, for operations, with the 12th flotilla. DesignGerman Type XIV submarines were shortened versions of the Type IXDs they were based on. U-490 had a displacement of {{convert|1688|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1932|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=79}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a pressure hull length of {{convert|48.51|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a beam of {{convert|9.35|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|11.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a draught of {{convert|6.51|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft supercharged four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of {{convert|2800|-|3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/38-8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|240|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=79}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|14.4|-|14.9|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|6.2|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=79}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|120|nmi}} at {{convert|2|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12350|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. U-490 was not fitted with torpedo tubes or deck guns, but had two {{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 2500 rounds as well as a {{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30 guns with 3000 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-three.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=79}} Operational careerU-490{{'}}s first patrol began with her departure from Kiel on 4 May 1944. She headed for the Atlantic by way of the so-called Faeroes Gap between Iceland and the Faeroe Islands, north of the British Isles. Although as a supply boat, she avoided combat, she was lost on her first patrol when on 12 June, she was attacked in mid-ocean by the escort carrier {{USS|Croatan|CVE-25|6}} and the destroyers {{USS|Frost|DE-144|2}}, {{USS|Huse|DE-145|2}} and {{USS|Inch|DE-146|2}}. There were 60 survivors (no casualties).[1] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u490.htm |title=The Type XIV boat U-490 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net |accessdate=8 June 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u490.html |title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-490 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net |accessdate=8 June 2012}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 |work=Der U-Boot-Krieg |volume=IV |publisher=Mittler |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn |year=1999 |isbn=3-8132-0514-2 |language=German |ref=harv }}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
|last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed – German Submarine Losses in the World Wars |location=London |year=1999 |publisher=Arms & Armour |isbn=1-85409-515-3 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}} External links
|url= http://uboat.net/boats/u490.htm |title= The Type XIV boat U-490 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net |accessdate= 6 December 2014 }}{{German Type XIV submarines}}{{June 1944 shipwrecks}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Submarine | portal3=World War II }}{{coord|42|47|N|40|08|W|type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}{{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0489}} 8 : German Type XIV submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1943|U-boats scuttled in 1943|World War II submarines of Germany|1942 ships|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|Ships built in Kiel|Maritime incidents in June 1944 |
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