| 词条 | .500 S&W Magnum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = .500 S&W Magnum | image = 44-500comp.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Comparison of the popular .44 Magnum (left) to the .500 S&W cartridge (right) | origin = United States | type = Centerfire (.50 caliber) | service = | used_by = | wars = | designer = Cor-Bon / Smith & Wesson | design_date = 2003 | manufacturer = Smith & Wesson | production_date = 2003 - present | number = | variants = | is_SI_specs = | parent = | case type = Semi-rimmed, straight | bullet = .500 | neck = .526 | shoulder = | base = .526 | rim_dia = .556 | rim_thick = .056 | case_length = 1.625 | length = 2.300 | max_pressure = 60000 | rifling = 1:18.75 in (476.25 mm) | primer = Large pistol originally, now Large rifle | is_SI_ballistics = | bw2 = 350 | btype2 = XTP HP Underwood | vel2 = 1912 | en2 = 2842 | bw3 = 400 | btype3 = PTHP Winchester | vel3 = 1800 | en3 = 2877 | bw1 = 300 | btype1 = FTX Hornady | vel1 = 2075 | en1 = 2868 | bw4 = 440 | btype4 = LFN-GC Buffalo Bore Heavy | vel4 = 1625 | en4 = 2579 | bw5 = 500 | btype5 = FP XTP Hornady | vel5 = 1425 | en5 = 2254 | test_barrel_length = 8.375 in | balsrc = Hornady (300 gr),[1] Winchester (400 gr),[2] Double Tap,[3] and Ballistic Supply,[4] }} The .500 S&W Magnum (12.7×41mmSR) is a fifty-caliber semi-rimmed handgun cartridge developed by Cor-Bon in partnership with the Smith & Wesson "X-Gun" engineering team for use in the Smith & Wesson Model 500 X-frame revolver and introduced in February 2003 at the SHOT show.[5] It has two primary design purposes: as a hunting handgun cartridge capable of taking all North American game species, and to be the most powerful production handgun cartridge to date. Cartridge historySmith & Wesson had been at the forefront when developing powerful handgun cartridges such as the .357 S&W Magnum and the .44 Remington Magnum. However, since 1960 the company’s .44 Remington Magnum, which it had developed in partnership with Remington, was eclipsed by the .454 Casull. Since then, several other more powerful cartridges had been developed by Action Arms,[6] Linebaugh, Ruger, Wildey, and Winchester for repeating handguns. In 1971 Smith & Wesson had experienced a dramatic surge in orders for their Model 29 revolver in the .44 Magnum cartridge with which S&W production was not able to keep up. Available Model 29 revolvers were being sold for two to three times the suggested retail price, because of the low supply and high demand for the revolver. This surge in demand was due to the Dirty Harry movie, where the Model 29 revolver was billed as the most powerful revolver (The .454 Casull designed in 1955 was not in commercial production until 1997). With the entry of the .500 S&W Magnum and the Model 500 revolver, Smith & Wesson recaptured the title of the most powerful handgun,[7] and with it an increase in sales. The .500 Smith & Wesson Magnum was designed from the outset to be the most powerful production handgun cartridge. S&W product manager, Herb Belin, proposed the idea of developing the revolver and cartridge to the S&W sales team. With the backing of the sales team, the project was approved by S&W President Bob Scott. The ammunition would be developed by Cor-Bon and Peter Pi in partnership with the S&W X-Gun engineering team of Brett Curry Lead Design Engineer, Rich Mikuta, and Tom Oakley. Eleven months later on January 9, 2003, the team unveiled the S&W Model 500 revolver and the .500 S&W Magnum cartridge. According to Belin, the cartridge was designed from its inception to be substantially more powerful than any other production handgun cartridge before it.[5] Cor-Bon would later go on to develop the .500 S&W Special cartridge. Cartridge design and specificationsThe .500 S&W Magnum is a semi-rimmed, straight cartridge optimized for use in revolvers. The cartridge is designed to headspace on its rim. However, unlike rimmed cartridges such as the .44 Magnum and other cartridges designed for use in revolvers, the cartridge can be cycled more smoothly and more reliably in tubular magazines, due to the semi-rimmed design. However, the cartridge does not cycle well through box magazines. The rim tends to lock in the extractor groove. The .500 S&W Magnum was designed to fire a bullet with a diameter (⌀) of {{convert|.500|inch|mm|abbr=on}} unlike the .500 Linebaugh, which fires a .510 in (12.9 mm) bullet. This was done so as not to run afoul of the National Firearms Act and be considered a Destructive Device as had happened to Whildin’s .50 AE cartridge, which at first was designed to fire a .510 in (12.9 mm) but had to be redesigned to fire a {{convert|.500|in|mm|abbr=on}} instead. SAAMI compliant .500 S&W Magnum cartridge schematic: All dimensions in inches [millimeters].[8] The .500 S&W Magnum has a maximum working pressure of {{convert|60000|psi|bar|abbr=on}}. However, most factory ammunition is limited to {{convert|50000|psi|bar|abbr=on}} to help ease extraction of fired cases. The cylinders of the S&W Model 500 revolver are engineered to be capable of withstanding 50% over pressure. Regular proof-load testing is performed at 20% over pressure.[5] The cylinder bore diameter is given as {{convert|.500|in|mm|abbr=on}}. SAAMI recommends a 6 groove barrel with each groove being {{convert|.130|in|mm|abbr=on}} wide. A barrel with a bore diameter of {{convert|.4880|in|mm|abbr=on}} and a groove diameter of {{convert|.4983|in|mm|abbr=on}} is also recommended. The recommended twist rate is 1 in {{convert|18.75|in|mm|abbr=on}}. While the bore diameter of {{convert|.4880|in|mm|abbr=on}} is consistent with other firearms which fire a {{convert|.500|in|mm|abbr=on}} diameter bullet, the groove diameter of {{convert|.4983|in|mm|abbr=on}} is an oddity as most firearms which fire a {{convert|.500|in|mm|abbr=on}} will have a groove diameter of equal to the diameter of the bullet.[8] For this reason cast lead bullets should not be fired in the revolver as excessive leading of the forcing cone and barrel will occur, leading to excessive pressures or the deposited lead acting as an obstruction in the barrel or forcing cone. While the overall length is given as {{convert|2.300|in|mm|abbr=on}} by many sources, some revolvers will not be able to accept cartridges with bullets seated to this overall length. This is because the cylinders of the revolvers are too short to accommodate such cartridges. The now-discontinued Taurus Raging Bull 500 is an example of one such revolver. It has a cylinder which is about {{convert|.200|in|mm|abbr=on}} shorter than that of the S&W Model 500.[9] PerformanceThe .500 S&W Magnum is considered the most powerful commercial sporting handgun cartridge by virtue of the muzzle energy it can generate.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=July 2014}} Cor-Bon (now a Dakota Ammo brand) who together with Smith & Wesson developed the .500 S&W Magnum cartridge, offers several loads which include a {{convert|325|gr|g|abbr=on}} at {{convert|1800|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}, a {{convert|400|gr|g|abbr=on}} at {{convert|1625|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} and a {{convert|440|gr|g|abbr=on}} at {{convert|1625|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}. Compared to the next most powerful commercial sporting handgun cartridge, the .460 S&W Magnum, which can launch a {{convert|325|gr|g|abbr=on}} at {{convert|1650|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} or a {{convert|395|gr|g|abbr=on}} at {{convert|1525|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}, the .500 S&W Magnum produces about 15% to 40% more muzzle energy than the .460 S&W. The .500 S&W Magnum comes into its own when used with heavier bullets, particularly those with weights of {{convert|500|gr|g|abbr=on}} or greater. When possible these bullets should be seated as far out as possible to take advantage of the complete cylinder length, so as to maximize the powder capacity which the case can provide. Several manufacturers currently produce the S&W .500 Magnum cartridge, with some of the top-performing rounds delivering {{convert|3031|ftlbf|J|abbr=on}} of energy with a {{convert|350|gr|adj=on}} bullet traveling at {{convert|1975|ft/s|m/s}}. It is claimed to be the most potent commercially available handgun cartridge on the market and provides power similar to long-established wildcat cartridges such as the .375 JDJ (J. D. Jones) [10] and pistol loadings of the .45-70 Government. Indeed, some rounds use bullets weighing almost 1 oz. (28 g ~ 440 gr.), which are sent at about {{convert|1500|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} – essentially the same performance of a 12 gauge shotgun slug.[7] Bullet weights available for this cartridge range from a {{convert|265|gr|adj=on}} jacketed hollow point to a {{convert|700|gr|adj=on}} hardcast lead bullet. Moderate velocity, heavy bullet loads for the .500 S&W Magnum are similar in performance to the black powder .50-70 Government. The heaviest weight bullet, produced by Underwood Ammo, is a hardcast lead bullet weighing 700 grains, about the same weight of a common .50 BMG bullet. This projectile, launched at a little over {{convert|1200|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} produces around {{convert|2100|ftlbf|J|abbr=on}}. While in terms of sheer muzzle energy, it is one of the softer rounds, this loading is actually the most preferred for hunting big game, as the bullet has excellent sectional densities, allowing for deep penetration and high expansion. The recoil of this heavy load is so intense that there are known incidents where people have broken their wrists when firing it in a handgun. Cor-Bon introduced the .500 S&W Special in 2004 as a lower energy and lower recoiling alternative to the .500 S&W Magnum cartridge. This cartridge is compatible with handguns chambered for the .500 S&W Magnum and fires a {{convert|350|gr|adj=on}} bullet at {{convert|1250|ft/s|m/s}}.[11] These low recoiling alternatives to the full-power .500 S&W Magnum, significantly reduce the felt recoil in the shorter {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=mid|-barrel}} handguns. At present, only Cor-Bon, manufactures ammunition for the .500 S&W Special in three load configurations. The .500 S&W Magnum has a very high recoil energy and recoil velocity. The high energy and velocity of the recoil will cause the muzzle to rise when shooting the cartridge. Smith & Wesson incorporated design features to help mitigate both the perceived and actual recoil of their Model 500 Smith & Wesson revolver chambered for the .500 S&W Magnum. The revolver is equipped with a compensator and Hogue Sorbothane grips. The revolver's considerable weight of {{convert|56|-|82|oz}}[12] plays a role in moderating the recoil of the cartridge.[13] A double-discharge effect is sometimes observed with the cartridge. The heavy recoil causes some shooters to inadvertently squeeze the trigger as a reflexive action to hold on to the revolver soon after the discharge of the previous round. Furthermore, some shooters have experienced the cylinder unlocking and rotating after the firing of cartridge which is a partial manifestation of the same phenomenon.[14] Sporting applicationsThe .500 S&W Magnum was originally designed to be primarily a handgun hunting cartridge. The creation of Big Horn Armory's Model 89 lever action rifle has changed it to a serious big game hunting rifle cartridge. In that platform, the cartridge is capable of taking any animal on earth. It also serves a secondary purpose as a back-up survival handgun cartridge as a defense against the large bears of North America.[15] The .500 S&W Magnum’s success with large, dangerous game is in part due to the availability of heavier bullets with exceptional sectional densities. Bullets above {{convert|500|gr|adj=on}} have the sectional densities required for hunting heavier African dangerous game. As a hunting cartridge the .500 S&W Magnum has been found to be effective against elephant and African buffalo as long as ranges are kept within reasonable limits.[16][17] Bullet selection is extremely important when hunting thick-skinned dangerous game. Smith & Wesson bills the Model 500 revolver as "A Hunting Handgun For Any Game Animal Walking".[15] Big Horn Armory bills its Model 89 rifle as the most powerful lever gun currently made. In North America, it serves the purpose of hunting all North American big game species. The cartridge has had success in taking Alaskan brown bear, American bison, moose, and elk. It is also used to hunt black bear, whitetail deer, wild boar, and feral hogs.[17] The cartridge gained some notoriety as being the cartridge which was used to hunt the supposed Monster Pig. Bullets ranging from {{convert|275|-|325|gr|g|abbr=on}} can be used for light CXP2 game species. Bullets heavier than {{convert|350|gr|g|abbr=on}}, including Winchester’s reduced-load ammunition, are appropriate for use with CXP3 game species. Bullets over {{convert|500|gr|g|abbr=on}} can be used for dangerous game. Hornady’s 500 gr. SP load is rated for CXP4 class dangerous game by Hornady out to {{convert|200|yd|m|abbr=on}} against dangerous game, based on Hornady Index of Terminal Standards (H.I.T.S.) calculations. The .500 S&W Magnum is available in firearms more convenient to carry than a full-sized rifle. This lends to its use as a defensive carry firearm in areas where dangerous predatory species may be encountered. Big Horn Armory's Model 89 carbine is a 37" long rifle suitable for close quarter use in heavily wooded areas or where brush may predominate. This lever action rifle is often carried in Alaska for defense against bears. The .500 S&W Magnum cartridge has found use in survival guns such as the NEF Handi Rifle and the S&W Survival Kit.[5] Smith & Wesson manufactures a {{convert|2.75|in|mm|adj=mid|-barrel}} version of the Model 500 revolver (model 500ES, whose production ended in December 2009), which is included in the S&W Survival Kit. This shorter-barreled revolver is handier, weighing {{convert|56|oz|kg|abbr=on}} and has no muzzle brake as are included with the more common Model 500 {{convert|8.38|in|mm|abbr=on}} revolvers. Firearms and ammunitionCurrently there are several .50 caliber handguns, which are capable of firing the .500 S&W Magnum. These types of revolvers normally have five rounds to allow for thicker cylinder walls to accommodate the pressure generated by the large and powerful cartridge. Big Horn Armory’s Model 89 carbine and rifle are currently the only repeating long guns chambered in this cartridge. The Model 89's long barrels significantly increase bullet velocity and energy. The single shot Thompson-Center Encore, NEF Handi Rifle, and Towner pump rifle are also chambered for this round.[18] It is currently the most powerful production handgun cartridge available. The Magnum Research BFR with its 5-shot cylinder and up to 10" barrel length's, is very popular amongst shooting enthusiasts. Ammunition for the .500 S&W Magnum is available from many mainstream ammunition manufacturers. Recently many of these manufacturers have expanded their .500 S&W offerings, which speaks to the popularity of the cartridge.
In addition to these manufacturers, smaller manufacturers such as Double Tap Ammunition and Magtech Ammunition offer ammunition for firearms chambered for this cartridge. See also
Footnotes1. ^[https://www.hornady.com/ammunition/handgun/500-s-w-magnum-300-gr-ftx#!/=Hornady Ballistic Chart] 2. ^Winchester (400 gr) 3. ^DoubleTap Ammo 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.ballisticsupply.net/Default.aspx?tabid=252105 |title=Ballistic Supply |access-date=4 July 2009 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5iQD2fZa8?url=http://www.ballisticsupply.net/Default.aspx?tabid=252105 |archive-date=21 July 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last=Metcalf |first=Dick |title=Smith & Wesson's Monster Magnum |url=http://www.shootingtimes.com/handgun_reviews/monster_1103/ |work=Shooting Times November 2003 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301013816/http://shootingtimes.com/handgun_reviews/monster_1103/ |archivedate=1 March 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all |access-date=23 August 2007 }} 6. ^Action Arms 7. ^1 {{citation |title=Smith & Wesson Model 500 .50-Cal. Magnum Is The King Of Handguns |work=Popular Mechanics |date=1 September 2003 |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/outdoors/recreation/1277336}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.saami.org/specifications_and_information/publications/download/Z299-3_ANSI-SAAMI%20_CFPandR.pdf|title=Voluntary Industry Performance Standards|date=|publisher=Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute|accessdate=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424174507/http://www.saami.org/specifications_and_information/publications/download/Z299-3_ANSI-SAAMI%20_CFPandR.pdf|archive-date=24 April 2017|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Taurus Raging Bull 500|url=http://www.taurususa.com/product-details.cfm?id=128&category=Revolver|access-date=24 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424173724/http://www.taurususa.com/product-details.cfm?id=128&category=Revolver|archive-date=24 April 2017|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.hornady.com/assets/files/reloading-manual-data/10th-Ed/375-JDJ.pdf |title = .375 JDJ Loading Data |accessdate = |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170424085800/http://www.hornady.com/assets/files/reloading-manual-data/10th-Ed/375-JDJ.pdf# |archive-date = 24 April 2017 |dead-url = yes |df = dmy-all}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=500 S&W Magnum 325 Grain Light Loading|url=https://www.midwayusa.com/product/918422/magtech-sport-ammunition-500-s-and-w-magnum-325-grain-light-loading-semi-jacketed-soft-point-box-of-20|publisher=|accessdate=}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=X-Large Frame |url=http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Category4_750001_750051_757771_-1_757767_757751_image |work=smith-wesson.com |publisher=Smith & Wesson |accessdate=4 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914014836/http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Category4_750001_750051_757771_-1_757767_757751_image |archivedate=14 September 2010 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 13. ^{{cite web|last=Carlson |first=Dan |title=The Beast |url=http://www.cabelas.com/story-123/carlson_beast/10201/The%252BBeast.shtml |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411064852/http://www.cabelas.com/story-123/carlson_beast/10201/The%2BBeast.shtml |archivedate=11 April 2010 |work=cabelas.com |publisher=Cabela's |accessdate=4 September 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 14. ^{{cite news|last=Taffin|first=John|title=King of the Magnums: S&W's .500 Master-Blaster|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BTT/is_167_28/ai_110457316/?tag=content;col1|work=bnet.com|publisher=American Handgunner Jan-Feb 2004|accessdate=4 September 2010 | year=2004}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|title=Product: Model S&W 500|url=http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Product4_750001_750051_764948_-1_757771_757767_757751|work=Smith & Wesson|accessdate=4 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716093655/http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Product4_750001_750051_764948_-1_757771_757767_757751|archive-date=16 July 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 16. ^{{cite journal | last = Hampton | first = Mark | title = To Africa with a .500 S&W | publisher = American Handgunner, January–February 2004}} 17. ^1 {{cite web |last=Metcalf |first=Dick |title=Bad, Badder, Baddest |url=http://www.handgunsmag.com/featured_handguns/HG_badbadder_200909/index.html |work=Guns & Ammo Handgun |accessdate=2 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017132015/http://www.handgunsmag.com/featured_handguns/HG_badbadder_200909/index.html |archivedate=17 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 18. ^"NEF's biggest and baddest Handi-Rifle: yeah, it's a .50", Guns Magazine, Jan, 2007 by John Taffin. References{{Refbegin}}
External links{{commons and category|.500 S&W Magnum|.500 S&W Magnum}}
2 : Pistol and rifle cartridges|Magnum pistol cartridges |
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