| 词条 | 555th Fighter Squadron |
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|unit_name= 555th Fighter Squadron | image=F-16C-555th-Fighter-Squadron.jpg | image_size = 290 |caption=Over Iraq, a Squadron F-16C Fighting Falcon peels away from a KC-135 Stratotanker from the 92d Air Refueling Squadron |dates=1942–1945; 1964–1994; 1994–present |country={{USA}} |branch={{air force|USA}} |type= |role=Fighter |size= |command_structure= United States Air Forces in Europe |current_commander= Lt Col Beau Diers |garrison= Aviano Air Base |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |nickname= Triple Nickel |patron= |motto= Once Green, Always Green{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} |colors= Green |march= |mascot= |battles= Linebacker I Linebacker II |notable_commanders= Joseph Kittinger David L. Goldfein |anniversaries= |decorations=Distinguished Unit Citation Presidential Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm |battle_honours= |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label=555th Fighter Squadron emblem (approved 29 August 2007)[1] |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label=555th Tactical Fighter Squadron emblem (approved 13 March 1975)[1] |identification_symbol_3= |identification_symbol_3_label=555th Bombardment Squadron emblem[2] }} The 555th Fighter Squadron is part of the 31st Operations Group at Aviano Air Base, Italy. It operates General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft conducting an air superiority mission. MissionThe 555th Fighter Squadron provides combat airpower on demand to U.S. and NATO Combatant Commanders as well as the National Command Authority in order to meet National Security objectives. It also performs air and space control and force application roles of counterair, strategic attack and counterland, including interdiction and close-air support, with 21 F-16CMs employing state of the art munitions in support of the joint, NATO, and combined operations. HistoryWorld War II{{Commons category-inline|386th Bombardment Group (United States Army Air Forces)|386th Bombardment Group}}The squadron's heritage began on 25 November 1942 when the 555th Bombardment Squadron, Medium, was constituted flying the Martin B-26 Marauder. During World War II, the 555th led offensive actions against Axis forces from bases in England, France, and Belgium. For gallantry in action, the squadron was awarded the first of its four Presidential Unit Citations.[4] The squadron was inactivated shortly after the war ended. Vietnam Era & Late Cold War Era{{See also|List of United States aerial victories of the Vietnam War}}On 8 January 1964, the 555th re-emerged at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida as the 555th Tactical Fighter Squadron (555 TFS), operating the McDonnell Douglas F-4C Phantom II. The squadron was organized from elements of the 557th, 558th and 559 TFS at MacDill, when the parent 12th Tactical Fighter Wing (12 TFW) reduced the number of aircraft from three squadrons of 25 aircraft each to four squadrons of 18 aircraft. The conflict in Southeast Asia was escalating and throughout 1965 the wing supported Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) Contingency Operations by rotating combat squadrons quarterly to Naha Air Base, Okinawa, in the Ryukyu Islands. At Naha AB, the squadrons were part of the 51st Fighter Interceptor Wing (51 FIW) and performed as air defense interceptor squadrons for the Ryukyu Islands. The 555th had flown its planes to Naha AB in December 1964 on the first three-month rotation. Later, the 555th was chosen to return to Naha AB and left MacDill AFB on 6 November 1965 via C-135 Stratolifter transports. The 555th relieved the 559th at Naha and assumed control of its F-4 aircraft and other assets. The 12 TFW was slated to open Cam Ranh Bay Air Base, South Vietnam (RVN). The air defense mission in Okinawa could not be abandoned and a decision was made to keep the 555th there until a replacement unit could be identified. The remainder of the 12 TFW deployed to Cam Ranh Bay beginning in November 1965. An F-102 fighter-interceptor squadron at Hamilton AFB, California was picked to replace the 555th at Naha. The F-102 was not able to air refuel, so the F-102s were modified to a U.S. Navy and NATO style probe and drogue refueling configuration and the pilots trained to perform air refueling, a new concept for a fighter-interceptor squadron. The F-102s arrived at Naha in late February 1966. A decision was made to send the 555th to Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base (Udorn RTAFB) in Northern Thailand, near Vientiane, Laos, and not to join the other three 12th TFW squadrons at Cam Ranh Bay. Cam Ranh could hold only four F-4C squadrons. 391 TFS had arrived at Cam Ranh awaiting runway construction at Phan Rang. Until the 391st rejoined 366 TFW, the 12th could not accommodate the 555th (lack of space). The decision to assign 555th at Udorn was validated in April 1966 when the 555th downed five North Vietnamese Air Force MiG fighters. A sixth MiG was downed by an F-4C from DaNang AB, RVN. Udorn RTAFB was small and when a squadron of USAF F-104As was brought there, it was decided to send two flights, half of the 555th, to Ubon RTAFB. There was not enough billeting for the entire 555th at Ubon and what was available was not adequate for daytime rest. The 8 TFW was the resident unit at Ubon and were flying only night missions (Night Owl) into North Vietnam. During the first two weeks at Ubon, the 555th flew day strikes into North Vietnam. A barracks-type building was hastily constructed to house the entire 555th and the remaining half of the squadron was brought to Ubon in July 1966, at which time the entire squadron began flying Night Owl missions. However, the new building was not air conditioned, so the 555th flew from sunset to about 2300 hours local time. The two squadrons of the 8 TFW flew the missions from 2300 to sunrise. Later in 1966, the 555th was transferred from the 12 TFW to the 8 TFW. The 8 TFW later became known as the "Wolfpack" and the 555th led the first strike against MiG airfields in North Vietnam. The 555 TFS launched night bombing attacks against North Vietnam on 29 September 1967. While at Ubon, the 555th downed additional Migs, including four Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21s on 2 January 1967. The unit thus became the only "Quad Ace" fighter squadron to that point, with 20 MiGs to its credit.[4] In 1968, the Triple Nickel participated in the campaign against the Ho Chi Minh Trail and the Linebacker campaigns against the North Vietnam heartland in 1972. During Linebacker I and Linebacker II, the 555th returned to its air superiority role and brought its MiG tally to 39 confirmed victories with ten MiG-17s, three MiG-19s, and twenty-six MiG-21s, producing the first and second USAF aces, and earning the motto, "World's Largest Distributor of MiG Parts". From 1966 to 1973, the 555th Tactical Fighter Squadron earned three more Presidential Unit Citations, five Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards with Combat "V" device, the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with palm, and the 1973 Hughes achievement award.[4] After nine years of combat operations, the 555th returned to the United States. In 1974, the squadron moved to Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, where it transitioned to the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle and became part of the 405th Tactical Training Wing, training pilots transitioning to the F-15 Eagle. The squadron was redesignated the 555th Fighter Squadron (555 FS) on 1 November 1991 and inactivated on 25 March 1994. Reactivation in ItalyOn 1 April 1994, the unit was reactivated and reassigned to U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)) and NATO and stationed at Aviano Air Base, Italy, absorbing the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon and equipment of the inactivated 526th Fighter Squadron, which had been inactivated at Ramstein Air Base, Germany when the 86 FW became an airlift wing (86 AW) following the inactivation of the 435th Airlift Wing and the downsizing of its former installation, Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany. At Aviano, the squadron returned to its previous mission as an operational combat fighter squadron.[4] 2013 SequestrationAir Combat Command (ACC) officials announced a stand down and reallocation of flying hours for the rest of the fiscal year 2013 due to mandatory budget cuts. This also impacted USAF tactical flying units in USAFE, PACAF, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard. The across-the board spending cuts, called sequestration, took effect 1 March 2013 when Congress failed to agree on a deficit-reduction plan.[8]Squadrons either stood down on a rotating basis or kept combat ready or at a reduced readiness level called "basic mission capable" for part or all of the remaining months in fiscal year 2013.[8] This affected the 555th Fighter Squadron with a stand-down grounding from 9 April to 30 September 2013.[8] Operations
Lineage
Activated on 1 December 1942 Redesignated: 555th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 9 October 1944 Redesignated: 555th Bombardment Squadron, Light on 23 June 1945 Inactivated on 7 November 1945
Redesignated 555th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron on 5 July 1974 Redesignated 555th Fighter Squadron on 1 November 1991 Inactivated on 25 March 1994
Assignments
Stations{{Col-begin}}{{Col-break|width=50%}}
Aircraft
References{{Portal|United States Air Force|Military of the United States|World War II}}
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url= http://www.afhra.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/433575/555-fighter-squadron-usafe/ |last1=Dollman|first1=TSG David|title=Factsheet 555 Fighter Squadron (USAFE)|date=16 October 2016|publisher=Air Force Historical Research Agency|accessdate=23 November 2016}} 2. ^Watkins, pp. 72–73 3. ^"The Yankee Guerilla" was a Martin B-26C-15-MO Marauder, AAF Ser. No. 41-34946. Its pilot lost control of the aircraft while returning from a 5 October 1944 mission in the area of Duren Barracks in Southwestern Germany and the plane crashed into a vacant house 5 miles northwest of Compeigne, France. 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url= http://www.aviano.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4353 |last1=|first1=|title=Fact Sheets: 555th Fighter Squadron "Triple Nickel"|date=15 April 2009|publisher=31st Fighter Wing Public affairs|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217000000/http://www.aviano.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=4353 |archivedate=17 December 2013|accessdate=24 November 2016}} 5. ^Aircraft is McDonnell F-4D-28-MC Phantom II, AF Ser. No. 65-0683, circa January 1972. This aircraft was retired to AMARC at Davis-Monthan AFB on 6 May 1988 and scrapped on 2 January 1997. 6. ^Martin {{page needed|date=November 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html |last=Baugher|first=Joe|title=USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present|date=12 December 2009|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122091735/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html |archivedate=22 January 2010 |df=dmy }} 8. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/archives/2013/04/08/reduced-flying-hours-forces-grounding-of-17-usaf-combat-air/78539120/|title=Reduced flying hours forces grounding of 17 USAF combat air squadrons|date=8 April 2013|work=Air Force Times|last2=Weisgerber|first2=Marcus|via=|last1=Everstine|first1=Brian|accessdate=21 December 2016}}
Bibliography{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
External links{{Commons category}}{{USAF Air Forces in Europe}}{{USAFE Mediterranean Bases}} 3 : Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force|Military units and formations of the Bosnian War|1942 establishments in Florida |
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