| 释义 |
- History
- Nomenclature
- Installations
- Similar gauges
- Locomotives
- See also
- References
{{Sidebar track gauge}}Railways with track gauge of {{RailGauge|5ft3in}} are broad gauge railways, currently in use in Australia, Brazil and Ireland. History - 600 BCE
- The Diolkos (Δίολκος) across the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece – a grooved paved trackway – was constructed with an average gauge of {{RailGauge|5ft3in}}.[1]
- 1840
- The Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway was constructed to {{RailGauge|5ft3in|disp=1}} gauge, converted to {{RailGauge|56.5in|allk=on}} in 1854–1855.
- 1843
- The Board of Trade of the United Kingdom recommended the use of {{RailGauge|5ft3in|disp=1}} in Ireland, after investigating a dispute caused by diverse gauges in Ireland.
- 1846
- The Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846 made this gauge mandatory throughout all of Ireland.[2]
- 1847
- The Swiss Northern Railway was opened, converted to standard gauge in 1854.
- 1854
- The first Australian {{RailGauge|5ft3in|disp=1}} line was opened, the Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company.
- 1858
- The first Brazilian {{RailGauge|5ft3in|disp=1}} railway was opened, the Companhia de Estrada de Ferro Dom Pedro II.
- 1863
- The Canterbury Provincial Railways in New Zealand was built in {{RailGauge|5ft3in|disp=1}} until gauge conversion to {{RailGauge|3ft6in}} in 1876
Nomenclature - In Ireland and the United Kingdom this gauge is known as Irish gauge.[3][4] ({{Lang-ga|leithead Éireannach}})[5] In Ireland it is also common to hear it referred to as standard gauge, in contrast to the various 3 ft gauge railways of the island.
- In the Australian state of Victoria this gauge is known as Victorian broad gauge.[6][7] In South Australia it is simply known as broad gauge.
- In Brazil this gauge is mainly known as broad gauge ({{Lang-pt|bitola larga}}), but it is also less known as Irish gauge ({{Lang-pt|bitola irlandesa}}).
Installations | Country/territory | Railway |
|---|
| Australia | Rail transport in South Australia|Rail transport in Victoria}} States of South Australia, Victoria (Victorian broad gauge), New South Wales (a few lines built by, and connected to, the Victorian rail system) and Tasmania, Australia (one line, Deloraine to Launceston, opened in 1871, partly converted to dual gauge, and then converted to {{RailGauge|3ft6in|lk=on}} in 1888). The {{convert|125|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} long Oaklands railway line, which runs into New South Wales from Victoria, was converted to standard gauge in 2009. The project was relatively easy because the line has wooden sleepers. {{convert|200|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} of the North East line, Victoria was converted to standard gauge in 2008–2011, meaning a double track standard gauge line was created between Seymour and Albury.The current network is {{convert|4017|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 10% of the total Australian rail network. | | Brazil | Rail transport in Brazil}} Lines connecting the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais; E.F.Carajás in Pará and Maranhão states, and Ferronorte in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states. Used in older Metro systems. Although the metre gauge network is almost 5 times longer,[8] Irish gauge is considered the standard by ABNT.[9] The current network is {{convert|4057|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 15% of the total Brazilian network. | | Germany | Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway 1840–1855[10] | | Switzerland | sg|allk=on}}. | | Ireland | Rail transport in Ireland}}Irish broad gauge. The current network is {{convert|2400|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}.[11] | | New Zealand | 3ft6in}} by 1876 | | United Kingdom | Rail transport in Ireland}} Northern Ireland Railways – entire network, currently {{convert|330|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}. |
Similar gauges The Pennsylvania trolley gauges of {{RailGauge|5ft2.5in|lk=on}} and {{Track gauge|5ft2.25in|lk=on}} are similar to Irish gauge, but incompatible. There is also {{RailGauge|5ft2in}} gauge, which is similar as well. See: Track gauge in Ireland. Locomotives One of the supposed advantages of the broader {{Track gauge|1600mm}} Irish gauge, compared to {{Track gauge|1435mm|allk=on}}, is that the greater space between the wheels allows for bigger cylinders. In practice, Ireland does not have any heavily-loaded or steeply-graded lines that would require especially powerful locomotives. The most powerful steam locomotives on systems of this gauge were: - Ireland – GSR Class 800 – Tractive effort: {{convert|155|kN|lbf|-1|abbr=on}}
- Victoria – Victorian Railways H class – {{convert|245|kN|lbf|-1|abbr=on}}; {{convert|23.6|t|abbr=on}} axle load – 1 in 48 (2.1%) grade.
By comparison a non-articulated standard gauge locomotive in the same country was: - NSW D57 class locomotive{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} of {{convert|286|kN|lbf|-1|abbr=on}} – 1 in 33 (3.333 %) grades
See also {{Portal|Trains}} References {{Commons category|5 ft 3 in gauge railways}}1. ^{{Citation |last=Lewis |first=M. J. T. |contribution=Railways in the Greek and Roman world |title=Early Railways. A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railways Conference |editor-last=Guy |editor-first=A. |editor2-last=Rees |editor2-first=J. |pages=8–19 (10–15) |year=2001 |url=http://www.sciencenews.gr/docs/diolkos.pdf |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5oAdDX3dj?url=http://www.sciencenews.gr/docs/diolkos.pdf |archivedate=2010-03-12 |df= }}
2. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8758322 |title=ODDS AND ENDS. |newspaper=Colonial Times |location=Hobart, Tas. |date=24 March 1846 |accessdate=21 August 2012 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IpikAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT74 |title=Dublin's Strangest Tales|work=google.nl}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqmbTRINGWwC&pg=PA30 |title=Cast Into the Unknown|author=Mike W. Harry |page= 30|work=google.nl}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.potafocal.com/beo/?s=leithead|title=Pota Focal - leithead|author=|date=|website=Pota Focal|accessdate=10 April 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRT45DlRXCQC&pg=PA187 |title=Back on Track|work=google.nl}}
7. ^Transfer of gauge, a useful railway invention Sunday Times (Perth, WA) Sunday 8 June 1902 Supplement, page 1
8. ^Rail_transport_in_Brazil
9. ^Newer Metro systems use {{RailGauge|sg}} standard gauge.
10. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.breitspurbahn.de/| title=Breitspurbahn| author=Rieger, Bernhard| date=2006-04-23| accessdate=2007-11-29}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.irishrail.ie/index.jsp?p=115&n=126|title=Infrastructure|work=Irish Rail}}
{{Navbox track gauge}} 2 : 5 ft 3 in gauge railways|Track gauges by name |