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词条 8K resolution
释义

  1. History

     First cameras  Productions  Broadcasting 

  2. Resolutions

  3. 8K fulldome

  4. Devices

     TVs and monitors  Cameras  Fulldome 

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

8K resolution refers to any screen or display with around 8000 pixels width. 8K UHD, also known as Full UHD, FUHD, or Full Ultra HD is the current highest ultra high definition television (UHDTV) resolution in digital television, digital cinematography and digital signage. 8K in 8K UHD refers to the horizontal resolution of 7,680 pixels, forming the total image dimensions of (7680×4320), also known as 4320p, which refers to the vertical resolution.[1]

8K UHD has twice as many horizontal and twice as many vertical pixels as 4K UHD, as well as four times the linear resolution of 1080p (Full HD), and six times the linear resolution of 720p. 8K displays are able to produce images with such smooth gradients and high levels of sharpness that objects shown can appear even more realistic than in real world. This phenomenon is referred to as hyperrealism.[2]

High-resolution displays such as 8K allow for each pixel to be indistinguishable to the human eye when viewed at a typical distance from the screen.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} 8K resolution can also be used for the purpose of creating enhanced lower resolution videos through a combination of cropping techniques and/or with downsampling[3] techniques used in video and film editing. Resolutions such as 8K allows filmmakers to shoot in a high resolution with a wide lens or at a further distance, in the case of potentially dangerous subjects (such as in wildlife documentaries), by being able to zoom and crop digitally in post-production. The technique involves taking a portion of the original 8K image and cropping it to match a smaller resolution such as the current industry standard for high-definition televisions (4K, 1080p, and 720p).[3]

8K display resolution is the successor to 4K resolution. TV manufacturers pushed to make 4K a new standard by 2017.[4] The feasibility of a fast transition to this new standard is questionable in view of the absence of broadcasting resources.[5] It is predicted that 8K-ready devices will still only account for 3% of UHD TVs by 2023 with global sales of 11 million units a year.[6] However, TV manufacturers remain optimistic as the 4K market grew much faster than expected, with actual sales exceeding projections nearly 6-fold in 2016.[7]

{{as of|2018}}, few cameras had the capability to shoot video in 8K, with NHK being one of the only companies to have created a small broadcasting camera with an 8K image sensor.[8] By 2018 Red Digital Cinema camera company had delivered three 8K cameras in both a Full Frame sensor and Super 35 sensor.[9] Until major content sources are available, 8K is speculated to become a mainstream consumer display resolution around 2023 as mentioned in UHD forum Phase-B recommendations.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} Despite this,

filmmakers are pushing demand for 8K cameras due to their ability to capture better 4K footage.

History

Japan's public broadcaster NHK was the first to start research and development of 4320p resolution in 1995. The format was standardized by SMPTE in October 2007, Interface standardized by SMPTE in August 2010 and Recommended as the international standard for television by lTU-R in 2012. Followed by public displays at electronics shows and screenings of 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and public viewings in February 2014 and the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in June 2014 using HEVC with partners AstroDesign and Ikegami Electronics.[10][11][12]

On January 6, 2015, the MHL Consortium announced the release of the superMHL specification which will support 8K resolution at 120 fps, 48-bit video, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range support, a 32-pin reversible superMHL connector, and power charging of up to 40 watts.[13][14][15]

On March 1, 2016, The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) unveiled DisplayPort 1.4, a new format that lets the use of 8K resolution (7680×4320) at 60 Hz with HDRR and 32 audio channels through USB-C.[16]

On January 4, 2017, the HDMI Forum announced HDMI 2.1 featuring support for 8k video with HDR, will be "released early in Q2 2017".[17]

First cameras

On April 6, 2013, Astrodesign Inc. announced the AH-4800, capable of recording 8K resolution.

In April 2015 it was announced by Red that their newly unveiled Red Weapon VV is also capable of recording 8K footage.

In October 2016 they announced two additional 8K cameras, Red Weapon 8K S35 and Red Epic-W 8K S35.[18] The Red Weapon Dragon VV has been discontinued {{as of|2017|October|7|lc=y|df=US}}, when Red unveiled the Red Weapon Monstro VV, their fourth camera capable of shooting 8K, with additional improvements in dynamic range and noise reduction, among other features.

Productions

In 2007, the original 65 mm negative of the 1992 film Baraka was re-scanned at 8K with a film scanner built specifically for the job at FotoKem Laboratories, and used to remaster the 2008 Blu-ray release. Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert described the Blu-ray release as "the finest video disc I have ever viewed or ever imagined."[19] A similar 8K scan/4K intermediate digital restoration of Lawrence of Arabia was made for Blu-ray and theatrical re-release during 2012 by Sony Pictures to celebrate the film's 50th anniversary.[20][21] According to Grover Crisp, executive VP of restoration at Sony Pictures, the new 8K scan has such high resolution that when examined, showed a series of fine concentric lines in a pattern "reminiscent of a fingerprint" near the top of the frame. This was caused by the film emulsion melting and cracking in the desert heat during production. Sony had to hire a third party to minimise or eliminate the rippling artifacts in the new restored version.[20]

On May 17, 2013, the Franklin Institute premiered To Space and Back, an 8K×8K, 60 fps, 3D video running approximately 25 minutes. During its first run at the Fels Planetarium it was played at 4K, 60 fps.[22]

In November 2013, NHK screened the experimental-drama short film "The Chorus" at Tokyo Film Festival which was filmed in 8k and 22.2 sound format.[23]

On May 1, 2015, an 8K abstract computer animation was screened at the Filmatic Festival at the University of California, San Diego. The work was created as an assignment in the VIS 40/ICAM 40 Introduction to Computing in the Arts class taught at UCSD by Associate Teaching Professor Brett Stalbaum during the winter quarter of 2015, with each student producing 300 8192×4800 pixel frames. The work's music soundtrack was composed by Mark Matamoros.[24][25]

On January 6, 2016, director James Gunn stated that the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 would be the first (feature) film to be shot in 8K, using the Red Weapon 8K VV.[26] Villain (2017) is the first Indian film to be shot completely in 8K resolution.

Broadcasting

Japanese public broadcaster NHK began research and development on 8K in 1995, having spent over $1 billion on R & D since then.[27] Codenamed Super Hi-Vision (named after its old Hi-Vision analog HDTV system), NHK also was simultaneously working on the development of 22.2 channel surround sound audio. The world's first 8K television was unveiled by Sharp at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in 2012.[28] Experimental transmissions of the resolution were tested with the 2012 Summer Olympics, and at the Cannes Film Festival showcasing Beauties À La Carte, a 27-minute short showcased publicly on a 220" screen, with a three-year roadmap that entails the launch of 8K test broadcasting in 2016, with plans to roll out full 8K services by 2018, and in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[29] On December 1, 2018, NHK launched BS8K, a broadcast channel with 8K capability.[30][31]

Resolutions

comparison of 8K resolutions
Resolution Display aspect ratio Megapixels
7680 × 216055}}:1 (32:9) 16.59
7680 × 3200 2.40:1 (24:10) 24.58
7680 × 3240370}}:1 (64:27) 24.88
7680 × 432077}}:1 (9) 33.18
8192 × 4320 ≈1.90∶1 (256∶135) 35.39
8192 × 5120 1.60:1 (10) 41.94
8192 × 8192 1.00:1 (1:1) 67.11
comparison of 4320p resolutions
Resolution Display aspect ratio Megapixels
15360 × 432055}}:1 (32:9) 66.36
10368 × 4320 2.40:1 (24:10) 44.79
10240 × 4320370}}:1 (64:27) 44.24
8640 × 4320 2.00:1 (18:9) 37.32
8192 × 4320 ≈1.90∶1 (256∶135) 35.39
7680 × 432077}}:1 (9) 33.18
6912 × 4320 1.60:1 (10) 29.86
8K UHD is a resolution of 7680 × 4320 (33.2 megapixels) and is one of the two resolutions of ultra high definition television, the other being 4K UHD.[32] In 2013, a transmission network's capability to carry HDTV resolution was limited by internet speeds and relied on satellite broadcast to transmit the high data rates. The demand is expected to drive the adoption of video compression standards and to place significant pressure on physical communication networks in the near future.[33]

8K UHD has four times the horizontal and vertical resolution of the 1080p HDTV format, with sixteen times as many pixels overall.

8K fulldome

8K fulldome is a resolution of 8192×8192 (67.1 megapixels) and is the resolution of top-end modern projection for hemispherical fulldome theatres often seen in planetaria.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

Devices

TVs and monitors

  • Sharp's 85" 8K LCD TV, 7680×4320 resolution—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2012
  • Panasonic's 145" 8K Plasma Display, 7680×4320 resolution—Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (IFA) 2012
  • LG's 98" 8K LCD TV, 7680×4320 resolution—Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (IFA) 2014
  • Panasonic's 55" 8K 120 Hz LCD, 7680×4320 resolution—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2015
  • Samsung's 110" 8K 3D LCD TV, 7680×4320 resolution—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2015
  • Canon 30" 8K reference display—September 2015
  • BOE 98" 8K TV at CEATEC 2015[34]
  • LG's 98-inch UH9800 with ColorPrime Plus technology—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2016[35]
  • Samsung 98-inch SUHD 8K curved TV—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2016[36]
  • Hisense 98-inch ULED 8K TV—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2016[37]
  • Changhong 98-inch 98ZHQ2R "8K Super UHD", 7680x4320 resolution—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2016[38]
  • Sharp's prototype 27-inch 8K 120 Hz IGZO desktop monitor with HDR (CEATEC 2016)
  • Philips 328P8K 8K UHD desktop Monitor (ces 2017)
  • Dell UltraSharp 32 Ultra HD 8K Monitor (UP3218K) (CES 2017)[39][40]
  • Samsung Q9S 85-inch QLED TV—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2018
  • LG 88 inch 8K OLED TV—International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2018
  • Sony 85inch X1 ultimate 8K LED TV prototype —International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2018
  • Sony ZG9 85 inch & 100 inch 8K Ultra HD Bravia TV International Consumer Electronics Show(CES) 2019
  • BOE 8K 13.3 inch Narrow Bezel Laptop Display at CITE 2018[41]
  • Digital Projection INSIGHT Laser 8K at Integrated Systems Europe 2018[42]
  • TCL 75 inch 8K QLED TV – FIBA Basketball World Cup 2019 Edition displayed at IFA 2018[43]

Cameras

  • Sony CineAlta F65, Unveiled on September 7, 2011
  • Astrodesign AH-4800, 1.7-inch CMOS camera capable of recording in 8K resolution. Unveiled by on April 6, 2013.
  • RED Weapon Vista Vision 35MM 8K (8192×4320) at 60 fps in full-sensor mode, or up to 75 fps in a scope (2.40:1) frame format. The camera has a 40.96 x 21.6mm sensor based on the previous generation Dragon sensor. Unveiled at NAB 2015, released end of 2015.
  • RED DSMC2 Helium with an S35MM 8K 29.9 × 15.77mm (Diagonal: 33.80 mm) 35.4 Megapixel CMOS sensor—up to 60 fps at 8K Full Format (8192 × 4320) & 75 fps at 8K 2.4:1 (8192 x 3456) with a dynamic range of 16.5+ stops; limited release July 2016, general release October 2016.
  • RED Epic-W with an S35MM 8K 29.9 × 15.77mm 35.4 Megapixel CMOS Helium sensor—up to 30 fps at 8K Full Format (8192 × 4320) with a dynamic range of 16.5+ stops; release date: October 2016.
  • RED DSMC2 Monstro 8K VV[44] 40.96 mm x 21.60 mm (Diagonal: 46.31 mm) 35.4 Megapixel CMOS "wider than full frame" Monstro sensor—up to 60 fps at 8K Full Format (8192 × 4320) & 75 fps at 8K 2.4:1 (8192 x 3456) with a dynamic range of 17+ stops; release date: October 2017.
  • Ikegami S35MM SHK-810 8K broadcast camera. Unveiled at NAB 2015.
  • Hitachi S35MM SK-UHD8060 broadcast camera Unveiled at NAB 2015.
  • Canon Cinema EOS System S35MM 8K camera. Unveiled September, 2015.
  • Panavision DXL 35MM 8K 60fps and HDR Digital Cinematography Camera (Vista Vision Sensor). May 2016
  • Sharp S35MM 8C-B60A 8K Professional broadcast Camcorder[45] Nov 2017
  • Cinemartin Fran 8K VV Global Shutter, announced on 8 May 2018, starting sales in fall 2018.

Fulldome

  • Definiti 8K theaters, 8192×8192 resolution (apu)

See also

  • 4K resolution – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 4000 pixels
  • 5K resolution – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 5000 pixels, aimed at non-television computer monitor usage
  • 10K resolution – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 10,000 pixels, aimed at non-television computer monitor usage
  • 16K resolution – experimental VR format
  • Ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) – digital video formats with resolutions of 4K (3840×2160) and 8K (7680×4320)
  • Rec. 2020 – ITU-R Recommendation for UHDTV

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://hometheater.about.com/od/hometheaterglossary/g/8k-Resolution-Definition-And-Explanation.htm |title=8K Resolution - Definition and Explanation of 8K Video Resolution |author= Robert Silva |publisher=About.com |accessdate=February 12, 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://pid.samsungdisplay.com/en/learning-center/white-papers/the-hyperrealism-of-8k-resolution |title=8K Resolution: Making Hyperrealism a Reality |author= YungKyung Park | publisher=Samsung Display |accessdate=February 14, 2019}}
3. ^{{cite web|last=Bloom|first=Phillip|title=From Chicago to the Moon: The power of 4K resolution and how to make it work for you creatively|url=http://philipbloom.net/2013/10/25/moonchicago/|accessdate=April 3, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328022059/http://philipbloom.net/2013/10/25/moonchicago/|archivedate=2015-03-28}}
4. ^{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Luke|title=Toshiba suggests 4K TVs will be mainstream by 2017|url=http://www.trustedreviews.com/news/toshiba-suggests-4k-tvs-will-be-mainstream-by-2017|publisher=Trusted Reviews|accessdate=April 3, 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/17/why-you-dont-need-a-4k-tv/ |title=Why You Don't Need a 4K TV |author=Roy Furchgott |publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=February 2, 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/infographic-forecast-global-ultra-hd-tv-adoption-8k-tv-sales-2750013 |title=Infographic: Forecast Of Global Ultra HD TV Adoption And 8K TV Sales |author= Felix Richter | publisher=International Business Times |accessdate=February 14, 2019}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://pid.samsungdisplay.com/en/learning-center/blog/8k-resolution-advancements |title=8K Resolution: The Future of Digital Displays | publisher=Samsung Display |accessdate=February 14, 2019}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|last=Marine|first=Joe|title=NHK Has Finally Shrunk Their 8K Resolution Camera, but How Close Are We to Shooting in 8K?|url=http://nofilmschool.com/2012/05/nhk-finally-shrunk-8k-camera-data-rates/|publisher=No Film School|accessdate=April 3, 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.redsharknews.com/production/item/3862-red%E2%80%99s-radical-helium-s35-8k-sensor-the-story-so-far|title=RedShark News - RED's radical Helium S35 8K sensor: the story so far|first=RedShark News|last=Staff|publisher=}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=The history of Super Hi-Vision|url=http://www.nhk.or.jp/8k/history/index_e.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812052859/http://www.nhk.or.jp/8k/history/index_e.html|archivedate=2016-08-12}}
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18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.red.com/news/introducing-epic-w-and-weapon-8k|title=Introducing the RED EPIC-W And New WEAPON Cameras|publisher=}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081016/REVIEWS08/810150290/1023 |title=Great Movies: Baraka (1992) |first=Roger |last=Ebert |authorlink=Roger Ebert |date=2008-10-16 |publisher=Chicago Sun-Times / RogerEbert.com |accessdate=2008-11-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217075209/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20081016%2FREVIEWS08%2F810150290%2F1023 |archivedate=17 December 2008 |deadurl=no}}
20. ^1 {{cite web |title=Home Theater: Hollywood, The 4K Way|url=http://www.hometheater.com/content/hollywood-4k-way-page-2 |author=Rob Sabin |publisher=Source Interlink Media |work=HomeTheater.com Ultimate Tech |date=December 20, 2011 |accessdate=February 24, 2013}}
21. ^Lawrence of Arabia on Blu-ray Later This Year. Blu-rayDefinition.com (June 12, 2012).
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23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/77202-introducing-8k-the-final-frontier/|title=Introducing 8K: The Final Frontier? {{!}} Filmmaker Magazine|last=Aftab|first=Kaleem|access-date=2016-08-22}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://filmaticfestival.com/event/8k-student-screenings/|title=First 8K – Filmatic Festival|publisher=}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/artpowers_filmatic_festival_to_explore_the_intersection_of_science_and_cine |work=UC San Diego News Center |title=ArtPower!'s Filmatic Festival to Explore the Intersection of Science and Cinema |accessdate=May 24, 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/JamesGunn/status/684830923913859080|title=James Gunn on Twitter|publisher=}}
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28. ^{{cite web|last=Singal|first=Nidhi|title=CES 2013: Sharp showcases world's first 8K TV|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/ces-2013-sharp-showcases-worlds-first-8k-tv/1/191438.html|publisher=Business Today|accessdate=April 3, 2014}}
29. ^Super-Hi Vision Update: Answering the Eight Biggest Questions on NHK 8K Production Jason Dachman. Sports Video Group. Friday, October 16, 2015 - 2:44 pm
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31. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-46403539|first=Chris|last=Fox|title=Space Odyssey helps launch first 8K TV channel|date=December 1, 2018 |accessdate=December 2, 2018 |work=BBC News}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytech.com/CES+2013+Sharp+Demoes+DoubleUHD+8K+Set+Two+4K+Sets+21+New+Aquos+3D+Smart+TVs/article29579.htm|title=CES 2013: Sharp Demoes Double-UHD (8K) Set, Two 4K Sets, 21 New Aquos 3D Smart TVs|publisher=DailyTech|access-date=2013-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212000227/http://www.dailytech.com/CES+2013+Sharp+Demoes+DoubleUHD+8K+Set+Two+4K+Sets+21+New+Aquos+3D+Smart+TVs/article29579.htm|archive-date=2014-02-12|dead-url=yes|df=}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-h/high-efficiency-video-coding |title=High Efficiency Video Coding |publisher=Motion Pictures Experts Group |accessdate=December 10, 2013 }}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ubergizmo.com/2015/10/boe-8k-tv/|title=BOE Reveal World's Largest 8K Displays|publisher=}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.in.techradar.com/news/television/LGs-98-inch-UH9800-is-the-worlds-first-8K-HDR-TV/articleshow/50458674.cms|title=LG's 98-inch UH9800 is the world's first 8K HDR TV|publisher=}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2016/01/05/samsung-8k-tv/|title=Samsung takes TVs to 8K with 98-inch curved set|first=Pete|last=Pachal|publisher=}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hardwarezone.com.sg/feature-cool-gadgets-and-sightings-ces-2016/8k-tv-solutions-other-sightings|title=8K TV solutions & Other Sightings : Cool gadgets and sightings at CES 2016|publisher=}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fudzilla.com/news/39665-changhong-shows-off-98-inch-8k-98zhq2r-full-uhd-display-at-ces-2016|title=Changhong shows off 98-inch 8K 98ZHQ2R "Full UHD" display at CES 2016|first=Jon|last=Worrel|publisher=}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.community.dell.com/dell-blogs/direct2dell/b/direct2dell/archive/2017/01/05/world-first-32-inch-8k-overall-thinnest-monitors-ces-2017|title=World’s First 32-inch 8K & World’s Overall Thinnest Monitors at CES 2017|publisher=}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dell.com/en-us/work/shop/accessories/apd/210-alez?c=us&l=en&s=bsd&cs=04&sku=210-ALEZ|title=Dell UltraSharp 32 8K Monitor: UP3218K - Dell United States|website=Dell}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://notebookitalia.it/boe-display-8k-narrow-bezel-notebook-oled-flessibili-smartphone-26718|title=BOE's 8K display for laptops at CITE 2018 Shenzhen|publisher=}}
42. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.iseurope.org|title=Integrated Systems Europe 2018 - 6-9 February 2018|website=www.iseurope.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-21}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.tv/hot-stuff/tvs/tcls-samsung-rivalling-8k-tv-rammed-tech|title=TCL’s Samsung-rivalling 8K TV is rammed with tech|website=Stuff}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.red.com/news/red-announces-new-full-frame-monstro-8k-vv-sensor-for-weapon-cameras|title=RED Announces The New MONSTRO 8K VV|website=www.red.com}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sharp-world.com/corporate/news/171107_2.html|title=Sharp Announces 8C-B60A 8K Professional Camcorder|website=www.sharp-world.com}}

External links

  • {{Commonscat-inline|8K UHD cameras}}
{{TV resolution}}{{High-definition}}{{Computer display standard}}

3 : Digital imaging|Film and video technology|Ultra-high-definition television
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