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词条 9175 Graun
释义

  1. Orbit and classification

      Alternative family  

  2. Physical characteristics

      Lightcurves    Diameter and albedo  

  3. Naming

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 9175 Graun
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref =  
| discovered = 29 July 1990
| discoverer = H. E. Holt
| discovery_site = Palomar Obs.
| mpc_name = (9175) Graun
| alt_names = {{mp|1990 OO|2}}{{·}}1975 CL
{{mp|1980 BB|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1986 WS|4}}
{{mp|1991 XL|2}}
| named_after = Ken Graun
{{small|(American astronomy author)}}[2]
| mp_category = main-belt
Eunomia [3]{{·}}Maria [4]
| orbit_ref =  
| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 42.11 yr (15,382 days)
| aphelion = 2.9666 AU
| perihelion = 2.2334 AU
| semimajor = 2.6000 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1410
| period = 4.19 yr (1,531 days)
| mean_anomaly = 159.53°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2351|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 15.069°
| asc_node = 330.02°
| arg_peri = 353.26°
| dimensions = {{val|7.929|0.142}} km[6][7]
{{val|10.23|2.25}} km[8]
{{val|10.35|0.71}} km[9]
10.53 km {{small|(calculated)}}[3]
| rotation = {{val|20}} h[4]
{{val|25.8|0.5}} h[12]
| albedo = {{val|0.183|0.027}}[9]
{{val|0.20|0.09}}[8]
0.21 {{small|(assumed)}}[3]
{{val|0.308|0.042}}[6][7]
| spectral_type = S [3]
| abs_magnitude = 12.2[3]{{·}}{{val|12.25|0.38}}[21]{{·}}12.4[9][6]{{·}}12.66[8]
}}9175 Graun, provisional designation {{mp|1990 OO|2}}, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 July 1990, by American astronomer Henry E. Holt at Palomar Observatory in California, United States.[25] The asteroid was later named for American author and amateur astronomer Ken Graun.[2]

Orbit and classification

Graun is a member of the Eunomia family, a large group of S-type asteroids and the most prominent family in the intermediate main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.2–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 2 months (1,531 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. In February 1975, it was first identified as {{mp|1975 CL}} at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory, extending the body's observation arc by 15 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.[25]

Alternative family

Based on its concurring orbital elements, Graun has also been group into the Maria family, which is named after its namesake, the asteroid 170 Maria.[4] It is an old-type asteroid family, about {{val|3|1|e=9}} years old, located near the area of a 3:1 resonances with Jupiter that supplies near-Earth asteroids to the inner Solar System. It is estimated that every 100 million years, about 37 to 75 Maria asteroids larger than 1 kilometer become near-Earth objects.[12]

Physical characteristics

Lightcurves

In January 2013, a rotational lightcurve of Graun was obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of {{val|25.8}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude ({{small|U=2+}}).[12] The measurement supersedes a shorter period of 20 hours with an amplitude of 0.2 magnitude ({{small|U=1}}).[4]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the Japanese Akari satellite, Graun measures 10.23 and 10.35 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.20 and 0.183, respectively.[8][9] Preliminary NEOWISE results gave a much higher albedo and consequently shorter diameter.[6][7]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21 – derived from 15 Eunomia, the family's largest member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 10.53 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.2.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of American amateur astronomer and publisher Ken Graun (born 1955), author of two books on astronomy, owner of "Ken Press" and the website What's Out tonight?, bringing astronomy to the broader public including children.[2][39] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 9 March 2001 ({{small|M.P.C. 42358}}).[40]

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (9175) Graun |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 682 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_7400 |chapter = (9175) Graun }}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = 9175 Graun (1990 OO2) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9175 |accessdate = 24 July 2016}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 24 July 2016}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |title = What's out tonight? |website = Ken Press |date = January 2016 |url = http://www.kenpress.com/index.html |access-date= 1 January 2016}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (9175) Graun |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=9175%7CGraun |accessdate = 24 July 2016}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011PASJ...63.1117U |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 24 July 2016}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...90M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 |access-date= 24 July 2016}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |first1 = Alvaro |last1 = Alvarez-Candal |first2 = René |last2 = Duffard |first3 = Cláudia A. |last3 = Angeli |first4 = Daniela |last4 = Lazzaro |first5 = Silvia |last5 = Fernández |date = December 2004 |title = Rotational lightcurves of asteroids belonging to families |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004Icar..172..388A |journal = Icarus |volume = 172 |issue = 2 |pages = 388–401 |bibcode = 2004Icar..172..388A |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.008 |access-date= 1 January 2016}}
9. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = M.-J. |last1 = Kim |first2 = Y.-J. |last2 = Choi |first3 = H.-K. |last3 = Moon |first4 = Y.-I. |last4 = Byun |first5 = N. |last5 = Brosch |first6 = M. |last6 = Kaplan |first7 = S. |last7 = Kaynar |first8 = Ö |last8 = Uysal |last9 = . |first10 = E. |last10 = Güzel |first11 = R. |last11 = Behrend |first12 = J.-N. |last12 = Yoon |first13 = S. |last13 = Mottola |first14 = S. |last14 = Hellmich |first15 = T. C. |last15 = Hinse |first16 = Z. |last16 = Eker |first17 = J.-H. |last17 = Park |date = March 2014 |title = Rotational Properties of the Maria Asteroid Family |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 147 |issue = 3 |page = 15 |bibcode = 2014AJ....147...56K |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/147/3/56 |arxiv = 1311.5318 }}
10. ^1 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 – Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 24 July 2016}}
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey |first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt |first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan |first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr |first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie |first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen |first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker |first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright |first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun |first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury |first16 = T., IV |last16 = Gautier |first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion |first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins |date = November 2011 |title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 20 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 |arxiv = 1109.4096 |access-date= 4 December 2016}}
12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016AJ....152...63N |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |accessdate = 22 June 2017}}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

}}

External links

  • Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
  • Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
  • Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center
  • {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator|(9174) 1989 WC3|number=9175|9176 Struchkova}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Graun}}

5 : Eunomia asteroids|Maria asteroids|Discoveries by Henry E. Holt|Named minor planets|Astronomical objects discovered in 1990
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