| 词条 | Ghoul |
| 释义 |
A ghoul ({{lang-ar|الغول}}, {{transl|ar|ALA|al-ghuûl}}), is a demon or monster originating in pre-Islamic Arabian religion[1] associated with graveyards and consuming human flesh. In modern fiction, the term has often been used for a certain kind of undead monster. By extension, the word ghoul is also used in a derogatory sense to refer to a person who delights in the macabre, or whose profession is linked directly to death, such as a gravedigger or graverobber. Early etymologyGhoul is from the Arabic {{lang|ar|غُول}} ghūl, from {{Lang|ar|غَالَ}} ghāla, "to seize".[2] In Arabic, the term is also sometimes used to describe a greedy or gluttonous individual. The term was first used in English literature in 1786, in William Beckford's Orientalist novel Vathek,[3] which describes the ghūl of Arabic folklore. This definition of the ghoul has persisted until modern times, with ghouls appearing in popular culture.[4] FolkloreIn the Arabic folklore, the ghūl is said to dwell in cemeteries and other uninhabited places. A male ghoul is referred to as ghūl while the female is called ghulah.[5] A source identified the Arabic ghoul as a female creature who is sometimes called Mother Ghoul (umm ghūla) or a relational term such as Aunt Ghoul.[6] She is portrayed in many tales luring hapless characters, who are usually men, into her home where she can eat them.[6] Some state that a ghoul is a desert-dwelling, shapeshifting demon that can assume the guise of an animal, especially a hyena. It lures unwary people into the desert wastes or abandoned places to slay and devour them. The creature also preys on young children, drinks blood, steals coins, and eats the dead,[7] then taking the form of the person most recently eaten. One of the narratives identified a ghoul named Ghul-I-Beaban, a particularly monstrous character believed to be inhabiting the wilderness of Afghanistan and Iran.[8] It was not until Antoine Galland translated One Thousand and One Nights into French that the western idea of ghoul was introduced into European society. Galland depicted the ghoul as a monstrous creature that dwelled in cemeteries, feasting upon corpses. Ghouls ({{lang-fa|غول}}) also exist in Iranian folklore. See also{{colbegin}}
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Ghoul {{!}} Arabian mythology |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/ghoul |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=Robert Lebling|title=Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and Genies from Arabia to Zanzibar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qKL3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT96|date=30 July 2010|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0-85773-063-3|pages=96–}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-ghoul.html|title=Ghoul Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Ghoul|date=|publisher=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=2011-03-23}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Al-Rawi|first1=Ahmed K.|date=11 November 2009|title=The Arabic Ghoul and its Western Transformation|journal=Folklore|volume=120|issue=3|pages=291–306|doi=10.1080/00155870903219730}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=The Werewolf Book: The Encyclopedia of Shape-Shifting Beings|last=Steiger|first=Brad|publisher=Visible Ink Press|year=2011|isbn=9781578593675|location=Canton, MI|pages=121}} 6. ^1 {{Cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Modern Arab Culture|last=Reynolds|first=Dwight|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780521898072|location=Cambridge|pages=260}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=ghoul|website=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|url=http://webster.com/dictionary/ghoul|accessdate=January 22, 2006}} 8. ^{{Cite book|title=The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead|last=Melton|first=J Gordon|publisher=Visible Ink Press|year=2010|isbn=9781578592814|location=Canton, MI|pages=291}} 9 : Arabic words and phrases|Corporeal undead|Supernatural legends|Undead|Arabian legendary creatures|Iranian folklore|Folklore|Demons|Jinn |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。