| 词条 | Agnes of Babenberg |
| 释义 |
| name = Agnes of Babenberg | image = Agnes of Babenberg.JPG | caption = | succession = High Duchess consort of Poland | predecessor = Salomea of Berg | successor = Viacheslava of Novgorod | reign = 1138–1146 | coronation = | succession1 = Duchess consort of Silesia | predecessor1 = new creation | successor1 = Viacheslava of Novgorod | reign1 = 1138–1146 | spouse = Władysław II the Exile | issue =Bolesław I the Tall Mieszko I Tanglefoot Richeza, Queen of Castile Konrad Spindleshanks | house = House of Babenberg (by birth) House of Piast (by marriage) | father = Leopold III, Margrave of Austria | mother = Agnes of Germany | birth_date = c. 1108/1113 | birth_place = | death_date = 24/25 January 1163 | death_place = Altenburg, Holy Roman Empire | place of burial= Pforta Abbey }} Agnes of Babenberg ({{lang-de|Agnes von Babenberg}}, {{lang-pl|Agnieszka Babenberg}}; b. ca. 1108/13 – d. 24/25 January 1163), was a German noblewoman, a scion of the Franconian House of Babenberg and by marriage High Duchess of Poland and Duchess of Silesia. She was a daughter of Leopold III, Margrave of Austria, by his second wife, Agnes, second but eldest surviving daughter of Emperor Henry IV.[1][2] LifeFamily and personalityThrough her mother, Agnes was a descendant of the Salian Dynasty, which ruled the Holy Roman Empire since 1024 until her maternal uncle, Emperor Henry V, died without issue in 1125. She was the half-sister of Frederick II, Duke of Swabia, and Conrad III, King of Germany since 1138 (both born from her mother's first marriage with Frederick I, Duke of Swabia). Of her full-siblings, one sister Judith married Marquess William V of Montferrat and one brother was Bishop Otto of Freising, a renowned medieval chronicler. According to Wincenty Kadłubek, Polish chronicler and Bishop of Kraków (and this opinion is shared by other sources), Agnes was a very ambitious, energetic woman, and proud of her origins. It is no wonder the Bishop called her in the pages of his Polish Chronicle, "Tigress" ({{lang-pl|tygrysica}}). MarriageThe ruler of Poland, Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth, in order to hold his ground against the Empire wanted to obtain a powerful ally against Lothair III of Supplinburg, who in 1125 had been elected King of the Romans against Duke Frederick II of Swabia. He therefore forged an alliance with the Babenbergs and the Hohenstaufen families, who, as relatives of the extinct Salian dynasty, were the natural rivals of Lothair. In order to seal this alliance, a marriage between Bolesław III's eldest son Władysław and Agnes was agreed. The wedding took place around 1125; according to some historians, the couple had already received the Duchy of Silesia from Bolesław III as a gift. High Duchess of PolandBolesław III died on 28 October 1138. In his will, he divided Poland between his sons. As the oldest son, the supreme authority in the country was assigned to Władysław II with the title of High Duke (Princeps). In addition to Silesia, he received the Seniorate Province (which included Lesser Poland, eastern Greater Poland and western Kuyavia) and the authority over Pomerania. His half-brothers Boleslaw IV, Mieszko III and Henry received hereditary fiefs as Junior Dukes. In addition, Władysław II would also receive the lands of Łęczyca, then granted by Bolesław III to his widow Salomea of Berg for life as her {{lang|pl|Oprawa wdowia}} and to revert to the Seniorate Province upon her death. Almost immediately, the High Duke began his efforts to unify the country under his rule. Wincenty Kadłubek stated that the confrontation between Władysław II and his half-brothers was mainly instigated by Agnes, who believed that her husband, as the eldest son, had the right to be the sole ruler of the whole country. In order to strengthen the authority of the High Duke, it is believed that Agnes took part in the downfall of one of the most powerful nobles in the country, the voivode Piotr Włostowic, who supported the Junior Dukes. According to a legend, the capture of Włostowic was thanks to Agnes, because she sent her own retainers to his castle and they captured him during the night. This event was recorded in German contemporary historiography; however, since this story is not confirmed, it not generally accepted by modern historians. Agnes demanded Włostowic's death, but her husband decided instead to make an example of him. Włostowic was blinded, muted and sentenced to exile. Deposition and exileThe tyrannical rule of Władysław II and Agnes led to many of their subjects switching their allegiance to the Junior Dukes. In early 1146 the High Duke's forces were finally defeated near Poznań. Władysław II escaped to Bohemia, while Agnes and her children remained in Kraków, where for some time they maintained resistance against the Junior Dukes from the Wawel Castle. However, the attempts to defend the city were unsuccessful and, in the end, the whole family was reunited in exile. After a short time at the Bohemian court of Duke Vladislaus II, Agnes' half-brother, King Conrad III of Germany, offered his hospitality to the Polish royal family, who settled at the Kaiserpfalz of Altenburg. At first, it seemed that Władysław II would soon regain power in Poland. A German expedition against the Junior Dukes was launched in 1146, but due to flooding of the Oder River and the pressures on the German king by the margraves Albert the Bear and Conrad of Meissen, the campaign failed. The failure of the expedition did not discourage Agnes, who continued with her attempts to restore her husband. She asked for the intervention of Pope Eugenius III, who decided to raise the question in the 1148 Council of Reims, and sent his legate Guy to Poland to obtain the submission of the Junior Dukes. However, they refused to accept the return of Władysław II, and the Pope declared a ban over Poland. The Pope's actions had few repercussions thanks for the united support of the Polish church hierarchy for the Junior Dukes. In 1152 King Conrad III died and was succeeded by his nephew Frederick Barbarossa. With the accession of this energetic ruler, the hopes of Agnes and Władysław II of returning to Poland were rekindled. With the encouragement of his aunt, the new German King launched an expedition against Poland in 1157. The campaign was a success but unexpectedly Barbarossa did not restore Władysław II to the Polish throne. Instead High Duke Bolesław IV was declared a vassal of Emperor Frederick and was compelled to pay tribute to him. In compensation to Władysław II, he forced Bolesław to promise the restitution of the Silesian duchy to Władysław's sons. Death and aftermathsBoth Agnes and Władysław II knew that their battle was finally lost. They remained in Altenburg, where Władysław II died on 30 May 1159. Agnes' day of death is generally placed by sources between 24 and 25 January, but the year remained disputed among historians and sources. Certainly she survived her husband,[3] and it is known that she did not return to Silesia with her sons when they were finally restored in their heritage in 1163. Thus, it is believed that Agnes died between 1160 and 1163. She was buried in the Cistercian abbey of Pforta near Naumburg on the Saale river. ChildrenAgnes and Wladyslaw had the following children:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Agnes of Babenberg |2= 2. Leopold III, Margrave of Austria |3= 3. Agnes of Germany |4= 4. Leopold II, Margrave of Austria |5= 5. Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg |6= 6. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor |7= 7. Bertha of Savoy |8= 8. Ernest the Brave |9= 9. Adelheid |10= 10. Rapoto IV of Cham |11= |12= 12. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor |13= 13. Agnes of Poitou |14= 14. Otto of Savoy (also called Eudes and Odo) |15= 15. Adelaide of Susa |16= |17= |18= 18. Margrave Dedi (or Dedo) II of Meissen |19= |20= |21= |22= |23= |24= 24. Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor |25= 25. Gisela of Swabia |26= 26. William V, Duke of Aquitaine |27= 27. Agnes of Burgundy |28= 28. Humbert I, Count of Savoy |29= 29. Ancilla |30= 30. Ulric Manfred II |31= 31. Bertha }} Bibliography
References1. ^{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/babenberg/babenberg.html#AL3 |title= Complete Genealogy of the House of Babenberg |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source|date=August 2012}} {{S-start}}{{S-hou|Babenberg dynasty||ca. 1108/13|24 or 25 January|1163|}}{{S-roy|pl}}{{S-bef|before=Salomea of Berg}}{{S-ttl|title=High Duchess consort of Poland|years=1138–1146}}{{S-aft|after=Viacheslava of Novgorod}}{{S-bef|before=new creation}}{{S-ttl|title=Duchess consort of Silesia|years=1138–1146}}{{S-aft|after=Viacheslava of Novgorod}}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Agnes of Babenberg}}2. ^{{MLCC |warning=1 |url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUSTRIA.htm#Agnesdied11601163 |title-date= |title= AUSTRIA|date=August 2012}} 3. ^Some sources placed her death around 1157; thePeerage.com: Agnes Babenberg. 16 : Year of birth unknown|12th-century births|1163 deaths|12th-century women rulers|12th-century Austrian people|12th-century German people|12th-century Polish people|Austrian royalty|Duchesses|Babenberg|Piast dynasty|Margravines of Germany|Medieval Polish nobility|12th-century German women|12th-century Austrian women|12th-century Polish women |
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