| 词条 | Abdul Ghani Baradar |
| 释义 |
| name = Abdul Ghani Baradar |image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1968}} | death_date = | placeofburial = | birth_place = Weetmak, Deh Rahwod District, Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan | death_place = | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = Mullah Baradar | allegiance = {{flagicon|Afghanistan|Taliban}} Taliban | Captured = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Karachi, Pakistan | branch = | serviceyears = | rank = Commander | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = | battles = Soviet–Afghan War Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) War on Terrorism:
| battles_label = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }}Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar{{Pronunciation-needed}} (Persian: عبدالغنی برادر; born 1968),[1] also called Mullah Baradar Akhund{{Pronunciation-needed}} or Mullah Brother,[2][3] is a co-founder of the Taliban movement in Afghanistan.[4] He was the deputy of Mullah Mohammed Omar. Baradar was captured in Pakistan by a team of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officers in February 2010[5] and was released on 24 October 2018[6] at the request of the United States.[7] Early life and Taliban careerBaradar was born in 1968 in the Weetmak village of Deh Rahwod District in Oruzgan Province of Afghanistan.[1] He is a Durrani Pashtun of the Popalzai tribe.[8] He fought during the 1980s in the Soviet–Afghan War in Kandahar (mainly in the Panjwayi area) and served in the Afghan mujahideen against the Soviet-backed Afghan government.[9] He later operated a madrassa in Maiwand, Kandahar Province, alongside his former commander, Mohammad Omar. According to Western media, Omar and Baradar may be brothers-in-law via marriage to two sisters.[10] In 1994, he helped Omar found the Taliban in southern Afghanistan.[11] During Taliban rule (1996–2001), Baradar held a variety of posts. He was reportedly governor of Herat and Nimruz provinces,[12][13] and/or the Corps Commander for western Afghanistan.[10] An unclassified U.S. State Department document lists him as the former Deputy Chief of Army Staff and Commander of Central Army Corps, Kabul[14] while Interpol states that he was the Taliban's Deputy Minister of Defense.[1] War in Afghanistan{{Main|War in Afghanistan (2001–present)}}Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the United States invaded Afghanistan and deposed the Taliban with the help of Afghan forces. Baradar fought against the U.S.-supported Northern Alliance and, according to Newsweek, "hopped on a motorcycle and drove his old friend [Omar] to safety in the mountains" in November 2001 as Taliban defenses were crumbling.[10] One story holds that a U.S.-linked Afghan force actually seized Baradar and other Taliban figures sometime that month, but Pakistani intelligence secured their release.[15] Another story reported by Dutch journalist Bette Dam contends that Baradar actually saved Hamid Karzai's life when the latter had entered Afghanistan to build an anti-Taliban force.[16] The new Afghan government was organized in accordance with the December 2001 Bonn Agreement; Hamid Karzai served as interim leader and later President of Afghanistan. Baradar now found himself fighting international forces and the newly formed Afghan government. Many fellow Taliban commanders were killed over the years following the initial invasion, including Baradar's rival Mullah Dadullah who was killed in Helmand Province in 2007. Baradar eventually rose to lead the Quetta Shura and became the de facto leader of the Taliban, directing the insurgency from Pakistan. Temperament-wise he has been described as acting as "an old-fashioned Pashtun tribal head" and a consensus builder.[10] Despite his military activities, Baradar was reportedly behind several attempts to begin peace talks, specifically in 2004 and 2009,[10] and widely seen as a potentially key part of a negotiated peace deal.[17][18] Capture in February 2010On February 8, 2010, he was captured near Karachi during a morning raid,[5][19][20][21][22] and U.S. officials claimed the capture could represent a "turning point" in the struggle with the Taliban.[20] Pakistan only confirmed the capture more than a week later and there was no confirmation from Pakistani officials that it was a joint U.S.-Pakistani operation,[23] in fact the Pakistani Interior Minister Rehman Malik denied that it was.[24] Other sources have suggested that the capture was a lucky accident, with Baradar picked up along with others in a raid based on intelligence supplied by the United States.[25] Besides the newspaper Dawn, the story was largely ignored in the Pakistani press when it initially broke.[26] Although some analysts saw Baradar's capture as a significant shift in Pakistan's position,[27] others claimed that Pakistan captured Baradar to stop his negotiations with the Karzai government, so that Pakistan would get a seat at the table[28]—because an agreement between the Taliban and the Karzai government could deprive Pakistan of influence in Afghanistan.[29] Another view contends that Pakistani General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani is using the series of Taliban arrests to help extend his own career beyond his slated November retirement date, the theory being that this would raise his standing among American policymakers and thus press the Pakistani government to retain him.[30] AftermathThe Afghan government was reportedly holding secret talks with Baradar and his arrest is said to have infuriated President Hamid Karzai.[31] Despite repeated claims that Pakistan would deliver Baradar to Afghanistan if formally asked to do so,[32] and that his extradition was underway,[33] he was expressly excluded from the list of Taliban leaders planned to be released by Pakistan in November 2012.[34] Mullah Abdul Qayyum Zakir became the Taliban military leader after Baradar's arrest. Nine Taliban leaders, not including Baradar, were released on 23 November 2012.[35]ReleaseOn 25 October 2018, the Taliban confirmed that Pakistan released Mullah Baradar.[36] He was subsequently appointed to be the chief of the Taliban's diplomatic office in Doha, Qatar.[37] Washington special envoy, Zalmay Khalilzad, claim that Mullah Bardar was released at the request of United States[38] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=BARADAR, Abdul Ghani |url=http://www.interpol.int/public/data/noticesun/notices/data/2006/10/2006_25910.asp |publisher=Interpol |accessdate=2010-02-16}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-03/26/content_7865137.htm|title=Taliban-led insurgency leaves 3 dozen dead, injured in Afghanistan |publisher=Xinhua|accessdate=15 February 2015}} 3. ^Taliban leader rules out talks with U.S., Afghan gov't 4. ^{{cite news |title=Profile: Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8517693.stm |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2010-04-14 |date=2010-02-17}} 5. ^1 {{cite news |title=Taliban commander Mullah Baradar 'seized in Pakistan' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8517375.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218044645/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8517375.stm |archivedate=18 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 6. ^https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/world/asia/taliban-peace-talks.html 7. ^https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/international/pakistan-frees-taliban-co-founder-at-us-request-will-play-constructive-role-in-afghan-peace-initiative 8. ^{{cite book |first=Antonio |last=Giustozzi |title=Koran, Kalashnikov, and laptop: the neo-Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2008 |isbn=0-231-70009-1 |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LV7-WYlOgRIC&pg=PA47&dq=mullah+baradar&client=firefox-a&cd=1#v=onepage&q=mullah%20baradar&f=false}} 9. ^{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Green |title=Taliban strategist was seen as future negotiator |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/43706130-1ae7-11df-88fa-00144feab49a.html |work=Financial Times |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217053129/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/43706130-1ae7-11df-88fa-00144feab49a.html |archivedate=17 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |first=Ron |last=Moreau |title=America's New Nightmare |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/208637 |work=Newsweek |date=2009-07-25 |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208151717/http://www.newsweek.com/id/208637 |archivedate=8 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=Profile: Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8517693.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218050421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8517693.stm |archivedate=18 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=The Hunt For Bin Laden |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1001287-5,00.html |work=TIME |date=2001-11-26 |accessdate=2010-02-16}} 13. ^{{cite book |first=Ludwig W. |last=Adamec |title=Volume 30 of Historical dictionary of Afghan wars, revolutions, and insurgencies |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2005 |isbn=0-8108-4948-8 |page=lxxxiii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xyW-uxh7m5gC&pg=PR83&dq=mullah+baradar&client=firefox-a&cd=12#v=onepage&q=baradar&f=false}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=B1, 1.4(D) |publisher=US State Department |url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB295/doc17.pdf |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208210326/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB295/doc17.pdf |archivedate=8 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 15. ^{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Mazzetti |author2=Filkins, Dexter |title=Secret Joint Raid Captures Taliban's Top Commander |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/16/world/asia/16intel.html?hp=&pagewanted=all |work=The New York Times |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-02-16| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100222034255/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/16/world/asia/16intel.html?hp=&pagewanted=all| archivedate= 22 February 2010 | deadurl= no}} 16. ^{{cite news |first=Bette |last=Dam |title=Mullah Baradar: friend or foe? |url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/mullah-baradar-friend-or-foe |publisher=Radio Netherlands Worldwide |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219073810/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/mullah-baradar-friend-or-foe |archivedate=2010-02-19 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 17. ^"Afghanistan’s peace hopes rest on Mullah Baradar" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825154359/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/national/23-Aug-2012/afghanistan-s-peace-hopes-rest-on-mullah-baradar |date=2012-08-25 }}, Reuters, August 23, 2012 18. ^"Pakistan grants Afghan officials access to a top Taliban leader", Abdulaziz Ibrahimi and Michael Georgy, Reuters / August 12, 2012 19. ^{{cite news |first=Saeed |last=Shah |title=Afghanistan's No. 2 Taliban leader captured in Pakistan |url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/85369.html |publisher=McClatchy News Service |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-02-16}} 20. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/02/16/taliban.commander.captured/index.html?eref=time_us|title=Capture may be turning point in Taliban fight|publisher=CNN|date=2010-02-16 |author=|accessdate=2010-02-16|quote=}} 21. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100216/ap_on_re_us/afghanistan_taliban |title=Taliban leader's arrest a new blow to insurgents |publisher=Yahoo! News |agency=Associated Press |date=16 Feb 2010}} 22. ^ A White house spokesman shortly afterwards described his capture "a big success for our mutual efforts in the region", {{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61G5DE20100217 |publisher=AP Newswire |author=Patricia Zengerle |date=17 Feb 2010 |title=White House hails capture of Taliban leader}} 23. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8519354.stm|publisher=BBC News |date=2010-02-17 |accessdate=2010-02-17 |title=Pakistan confirms Taliban arrest|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217052223/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8519354.stm|archivedate=17 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 24. ^{{cite news|title=Mullah Baradar arrest reports propaganda: Rehman Malik |url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/world/12-us+pakistan+capture+taliban+top+commander--bi-04 |work=Dawn |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217173626/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/world/12-us%2Bpakistan%2Bcapture%2Btaliban%2Btop%2Bcommander--bi-04 |archivedate=17 February 2010 |deadurl=no |df=}} 25. ^"a lucky accident," as one American official called it. "No one knew what they were getting," he said.{{cite news |work=The New York Times |date=18 Feb 2010 |author=Scott Shane and Eric Schmitt |title=In Pakistan Raid, Taliban Chief was Extra Prize}} 26. ^{{cite news |first=M Ilyas |last=Khan |title='Muted' Pakistan media response to Taliban arrest |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8519616.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2010-02-17 |accessdate=2010-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218045137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8519616.stm|archivedate=18 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 27. ^The capture of Baradar and the Afghan Taliban governors is only the most recent and highly visible signal of the possible shift. {{cite news |title=Pakistan Smart to Hit Taliban |url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2010/02/21/pakistan_smart_to_hit_taliban/ |work=The Boston Globe |date=21 Feb 2010 |author=Eric Rosenbach}} 28. ^{{cite web |title=Leaked US diplomatic cable Wikileaks ref number 10KABUL693 |author=American Embassy in Kabul |publisher=WikiLeaks |date=10 Feb 2010 |url=http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2010/02/10KABUL693.html |access-date=2010-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208034037/http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2010/02/10KABUL693.html |archive-date=2010-12-08 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 29. ^An agreement between the Taliban and the Karzai government could deprive Pakistan of influence in next-door Afghanistan. {{cite news |title=Pakistan's Complicated Motives |author=Editorial |work=The Boston Globe |date=22 Feb 2010 |url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2010/02/22/pakistans_complicated_motives/}} 30. ^{{cite news |first=Syed Saleem |last=Shahzad |title=Pakistan: Detained Taliban leaders 'linked to ISI' |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.1.46594827 |publisher=Adnkronos |date=2010-02-23 |accessdate=2010-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224210812/http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.1.46594827|archivedate=24 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 31. ^"Aide: Karzai `very angry' at Taliban boss' arrest", DEB RIECHMANN and KATHY GANNON, The Associated Press March 15, 2010 32. ^{{citation |first=Zahid |last=Hussain |title=Pakistan Offers Taliban Official to Afghans |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703510204575085430452913408?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=2010-02-24 |accessdate=2010-02-24|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100225034754/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703510204575085430452913408.html?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines|archivedate= 25 February 2010 |deadurl=no}} 33. ^{{cite news |first=Sayed |last=Salahuddin |title=Pakistan to hand over Taliban No 2, says Afghanistan |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE61O0EM20100225?type=usDollarRpt |publisher=Reuters |date=2010-02-25 |accessdate=2010-02-25}} 34. ^"Pakistan agrees to set free Taliban leaders", 14 Nov 2012, Baqir Sajjad Syed, Dawn.com 35. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/beta3/tft/article.php?issue=20121123&page=3|title=Change of Heart?|work=The Friday Times|author=Ali K. Chishti|date=2012-11-24|accessdate =2012-11-28|archivedate=2012-11-28|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefridaytimes.com%2Fbeta3%2Ftft%2Farticle.php%3Fissue%3D20121123%26page%3D3&date=2012-11-28|deadurl=no|quote="We are disappointed that the Pakistanis did not release Mullah Baradar", a member of an Afghan peace delegation said, "but we are very happy that it made the decision to release some of the detainees".}} 36. ^https://alemarah-english.com/?p=36675 37. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2019/01/mullah-baradar-appointed-head-of-talibans-political-office-in-qatar.php?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=ebb%2025.01.19&utm_term=Editorial%20-%20Military%20-%20Early%20Bird%20Brief |publisher=Long War Journal |title=Mullah Baradar appointed head of Taliban’s ‘political office’ in Qatar |first=Bill |last=Roggio |date=January 24, 2019 |quote=“In accordance with the decree issued by the Leader of Islamic Emirate, the esteemed Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar has been appointed as the deputy of the Leader in Political Affairs and the chief of the Political Office of the Islamic Emirate,” the Taliban statement said.}} 38. ^https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/international/pakistan-frees-taliban-co-founder-at-us-request-will-play-constructive-role-in-afghan-peace-initiative External links
10 : 1968 births|Living people|Pashtun people|People from Urozgan Province|Mujahideen members of the Soviet–Afghan War|Taliban leaders|Afghan Muslims|Afghan people imprisoned abroad|Prisoners and detainees of Pakistan|Afghan expatriates in Pakistan |
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