“Abeokuta”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Abeokuta is the largest city and state capital of Ogun State in southwest Nigeria. It is situated on the east bank of the Ogun River, near a group of rocky outcrops in a wooded savanna;^[2] {{convert|48|mi|km|order=flip}} north of Lagos by railway, or {{convert|81|mi|km|order=flip}} by water. {{as of|2006}}, Abeokuta and the surrounding area had a population of 449,088.

Geography and economy

Abẹokuta lies in fertile country of wooded savanna, the surface of which is broken by masses of grey granite. It spreads over an extensive area, being surrounded by mud walls 18 miles in extent.^[3] Palm oil, lumber, natural rubber, yams, rice, cassava, maize, cotton, other fruits, and shea butter are the chief articles of trade. It is a key export location for cocoa, palm products, fruit, and kola nuts.^[2] Both rice and cotton were introduced by the missionaries in the 1850s and have become integral parts of the economy, along with the dye indigo.

The town depends on the Oyan River Dam for its water supply, which is not always dependable.^[5]

The dam is situated in the Abeokuta North local government area of Ogun State in the West of Nigeria, about 20 km northwest of the state capital Abeokuta. The dam crosses the Oyan River, a tributary of the Ogun River.

Abeokuta is the headquarters of the federal Ogun-Oshun River Basin Authority, which is responsible for development of land and water resources for Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo states. Included in this are irrigation, food-processing, and electrification.^[2]

Local industries include but not limited to fruit canning plants, plastics, breweries, sawmills, and an aluminum products factory. South of town are the Aro granite quarries.^[2]

Transportation

Abeokuta is connected to nearby Lagos by a railway that was completed in 1899, with a length of {{convert|48|mi|km|order=flip}}. Roads connect it to Lagos as well as Ibadan, Ilaro, Shagamu, Iseyin, and Ketou.^[2]

History

Chief Sodeke first settled Abeokuta (meaning literally "the underneath of the rock"^[6] or indirectly "refuge among rocks")^[2] in 1830 as a place of refuge from slavehunters from Dahomey and Ibadan. The village populations scattered over the open country to take refuge among the rocks surrounding the city. Here they formed a free confederacy of many distinct groups, each preserving the traditional customs, religious rites and the names of their original villages.^[3]

The original settlers of Abeokuta were of the Egba nation,^[7] fleeing from the Oyo Empire, which was collapsing.^[2] Later, some members of other Yoruba clans came to the settlement. Baptist and Anglican missionaries from Great Britain began to serve the area in the 1840s,^[2]^[7] in addition to Sierra Leone Creoles.

Because Abeokuta was in a key location for the palm oil trade and because it was the so-called capital of the Egbas, Dahomey soon became hostile. In the 1851 Battle of Abeokuta, the Egba, with assistance from missionaries and armed by the British, defeated King Gezo and the Dahomey incursion. They again beat back the Dahomey military in 1864.^[2]^[7]

The 1860s also saw problems arise with the Europeans, namely the British in Lagos, which led to the Egba first closing trade routes, followed by the expulsion of missionaries and traders in 1867.^[2]

Between 1877 and 1893 the Yoruba Civil Wars occurred, and Abeokuta opposed Ibadan, which led the king or alake of the Egba to sign an alliance with the British governor, Sir Gilbert Carter. This occurred in 1893, which formalized the Egba United Government based in Abẹokuta which became recognized by the United Kingdom.^[2] In 1914, the city was made part of the colony of Nigeria by the British.^[2]^[7]

In 1918, the Abeokuta Riots took place which was related to the levying of taxes and the policy of indirect rule by Sir Frederick Lugard, the British Governor-General.^[2]

The Abeokuta Women's Revolt, led by the Abeokuta Women's Union (AWU), took place in the 1940s. It was a resistance movement against the imposition of unfair taxation by the Nigerian colonial government.^[8]

Notable buildings

Abeokuta was a walled town and remnants of the historic wall still exist today. Ake, the traditional residence of the Alake, along with Centenary Hall (1930), are both in the Egba Alake's territory. There are secondary and primary schools and the University of Lagos Abeokuta Campus opened in 1984.^[2] This campus specializes in science, agriculture, and technology. This has since been changed to an independent full-fledged tertiary institution, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (UNAAB) in 1988.

The Green Legacy Resort is a large resort/hotel built by former president Olusegun Obasanjo and investors. The Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) is also located within the grounds of the resort.

Notable natives and residents

Photo gallery

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |format=PDF |title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA : 2006 Population Census |publisher=Web.archive.org |accessdate=25 July 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |archivedate=5 March 2012 }}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abeokuta |edition=15th |year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, IL |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|pages=27}}
3. ^¹{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Abeokuta|volume=1|page=42}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ktravula.com/2014/04/abeokutas-living-history/|title = Abeokuta's Living History|date = 16 April 2014|publisher = KTravula.com|author= Kola Tubosun}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5530447-146/water_scarcity_bites_harder_in_abeokuta.csp |title=Water scarcity bites harder in Abeokuta |author=Dimeji Kayode-Adedeji |date=February 23, 2010 |work=Next |accessdate=2010-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610210403/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5530447-146/water_scarcity_bites_harder_in_abeokuta.csp |archive-date=June 10, 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Bennett|first1=Eric|title=Encyclopedia of Africa|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780199733903|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0016|accessdate=18 January 2017}}
7. ^¹²³Canby, Courtlandt. The Encyclopedia of Historic Places. (New York: Facts on File Publications, 1984), p. 2.
8. ^Byfield, Judith A. "Taxation, Women, and the Colonial State: Egba Women's Revolt." Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism, 3.2 (2003): 250-77. Web. 4 Mar. 2013.
9. ^{{cite web |url=https://nigerianfacts.com/most-beautiful-university-campus-in-nigeria-see-pics/ |website=Nigerianfacts.com}}
10. ^{{cite web |title=is this the most beautiful university campus in Nigeria? |url=https://nigerianfacts.com/most-beautiful-university-campus-in-nigeria-see-pics/ |website=NigerianFacts.com |accessdate=12 February 2019}}