“Abitur after twelve years”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

{{lang|de|Abitur}} after twelve years, or {{lang|de|Gymnasium}} in eight years (often abbreviated as G8 or Gy8) describes the reduction from the duration in the {{lang|de|Gymnasium}} from nine to eight school years in many of the States of Germany. In the States Berlin, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern the reduction took place from seven to six years because, there, primary education goes until grade 6. The principal argument for the reduction are the comparatively long times for vocational education in Germany.

In Saxony and Thuringia it is, however, already a long established norm to take the {{lang|de|Abitur}} after twelve years.^[1]

Some German federal states have already reversed the reform even though sound academic insights on reform effects are scarce.^[2]

State

Introduction

Previously in effect

Baden-Württemberg|}}

Baden-Württemberg

yes (2012- )

Bavaria|}}

Bavaria

abolished
outbounding until 2018

2012 until 2018

Berlin|}}

Berlin

yes (2012- )

1949 until 2000 (East Berlin)

Brandenburg|}}

Brandenburg

yes (2012- )

1949 until 2000

Bremen|}}

Bremen

yes (2012- )

Hamburg|}}

Hamburg

yes (2010- )

Hesse|}}

Hesse

yes (2013- )

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|}}

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

yes (2008- )

1949 until 2001

Lower Saxony|}}

Lower Saxony

abolished

2011 until 2019

North Rhine-Westphalia|}}

North Rhine-Westphalia

abolished
outbounding until 2026^[3]

2012 until 2026

Rhineland-Palatinate|}}

Rhineland-Palatinate

yes (2016- )
(as a pilot project in
full-time schools only)

Saarland|}}

Saarland

yes (2009- )

Saxony|}}

Saxony

yes (1949- )

Saxony-Anhalt|}}

Saxony-Anhalt

yes (2007- )

1949 until 2000

Schleswig-Holstein|}}

Schleswig-Holstein

yes (2016- )

Thuringia|}}

Thuringia

yes (1949- )

Criticism

In part, parents’, teachers’ and students’ organizations express criticism, exclusively from the Western States of Germany.^[4] In spite of the removal of one school year, all contents of the, now thirteen, school years are rearranged. This means that the school timetable is enlarged and that the students have to be at school between 32 and 40 periods a week. Altogether with the homework given and exam preparations a school week is calculated to include an estimate of 45 up to 55 periods.

However, there is little empirical evidence on the effect of this compression of instructional hours into fewer years of schooling on student outcomes.^[5]

References

1. ^{{lang|de|Spiegel Online}}: {{lang|de|Im Osten nichts Neues}}
2. ^Huebener, M. & Marcus, J. (2015): Empirische Befunde zu Auswirkungen der G8-Schulzeitverkürzung, DIW Roundup No. 57, 02/2015. for an overview of the legislation in February 2015.
3. ^[https://www.wr.de/politik/landespolitik/nrw-kabinett-beschliesst-abkehr-vom-turbo-abi-id212541343.html {{lang|de|WR}}: {{lang|de|NRW-Regierung beschließt Ausstieg aus dem "Turbo-Abitur"}}]
4. ^{{lang|de|Spiegel Online}}: {{lang|de|Diebstahl der Kindheit}}
5. ^Huebener, M. & Marcus, J. (2015): Empirische Befunde zu Auswirkungen der G8-Schulzeitverkürzung, DIW Roundup No. 57, 02/2015.

Criticism

References

External links