“Abortion in Belgium”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Prior to 1990, due to the influences of the Catholic Church, Belgium remained one of the few European countries where abortion was illegal. However, abortions were unofficially permitted (and even reimbursed by the mutualities) as long as they were registered as "curettage". It was estimated that 20,000 abortions were performed each year (in comparison to 100,000 births).^[5]

When the law liberalizing abortion was enacted, it was controversial to many Belgians.^[6] In early 1990, despite the opposition of the ruling Christian Democrats, a coalition of the Socialist and Liberal parties passed a law to partially liberalize abortion law in Belgium. The Belgian bishops appealed to the population at large with a public statement that expounded their doctrinal and pastoral opposition to the law. They warned Belgian Catholics that anyone who co-operated "effectively and directly" in the procurement of abortions was "excluding themselves from the ecclesiastical community." Motivated by the strong stance of the Belgian bishops and the fact that he and his wife Queen Fabiola hadn't been able to get children themselves, King Baudouin notified the Prime Minister on March 30 that he could not sign the law without violating his conscience as a Catholic.^[7] Since the legislation would not have the force of law without the king's signature, his refusal to sign threatened to precipitate a constitutional crisis.^[8] However, the problem was resolved by an agreement between the king and Prime Minister Martens by which the Belgian government declared the king unable to govern, assumed his authority and enacted the law, after which Parliament then voted to reinstate the king on the next day.^[5]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] The Vatican described the king's action as a "noble and courageous choice" dictated by a "very strong moral conscience."^[14] Others have suggested that Baudouin's action was "little more than a gesture", since he was reinstated as king just 44 hours after he was removed from power.^[7]

References

1. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/05/world/belgian-king-unable-to-sign-abortion-law-takes-day-off.html?pagewanted=1 Belgian King, Unable to Sign Abortion Law, Takes Day Off]
2. ^http://www.loveattitude.be/L-interruption-volontaire-de,307
3. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=https://www.angloinfo.com/brussels/how-to/page/brussels-healthcare-pregnancy-birth-termination-abortion|title=Termination of Pregnancy/Abortion in Belgium|website=Angloinfo Brussels|publisher=Angloinfo|access-date=2016-06-08}}
4. ^{{Cite web | title = World Abortion Policies 2013 | publisher = United Nations | year = 2013 | url = https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/policy/world-abortion-policies-2013.shtml | accessdate = 3 March 2014 }}
5. ^¹{{cite book |last=Belien |first=Paul|title=A Throne in Brussels: Britain, the Saxe-Coburgs and the Belgianisation of Europe|publisher = Imprint Academic |location=Devon |year=2005 |isbn=1-84540-033-X|pages=292–293}}
6. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/30/world/belgium-eases-its-abortion-law.html?pagewanted=1 Belgium Eases Its Abortion Law]
7. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Hubert|first1=Vivian|last2=Green|first2=Howard |title=New History of Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-N8lNI02R0C&pg=PA389|accessdate=7 January 2012|date=1 March 2000|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8264-1227-0|page=389}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Barker|first=Eileen|title=The Centrality of Religion in Social Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xU_RzKTjttsC&pg=PA76|accessdate=7 January 2012|date=15 April 2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-0343-2|page=76}}
9. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B8iJNlWcdIUC&pg=PA30 |first=David |last=Wilsford |title=Political Leaders of Contemporary Western Europe |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-313-28623-0 |page=30}}
10. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zc5RAQAAIAAJ&pg=PT59 |first1=Geoffrey K. |last1=Roberts |first2=Patricia |last2=Hogwood |title=West European Politics |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7190-5421-1 |page=84}}
11. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books? |first1=Els |last1=Witte |first2=Jan |last2=Craeybeckx |first3=Alain |last3=Meynen |title=Political History of Belgium |publisher=VUB University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-90-5487-517-8 |page=266}}
12. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA92 |title=Encyclopedia of World Constitutions |publisher=Facts on File |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8160-6078-8 |page=92}}
13. ^Sandro Magister, "Obama's Pick for Vice President Is Catholic. But the Bishops Deny Him Communion"
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/462489/POPE-PRAYS-AT-TOMB-OF-ABORTION-FOE.html|publisher=Associated Press | title=Pope Prays at Tomb of Abortion Foe |date=4 June 1995}}

1990 liberalization of abortion laws

References