| 词条 | Achard of Saint Victor |
| 释义 |
Achard of St. Victor, C.R.S.A., ({{circa}} 1100 – 29 March 1171) was a canon regular, abbot of the great Abbey of St. Victor, Paris, and later Bishop of Avranches. LifeAchard is thought to have been born in England and educated in France, due to evidence from an early collection of Victorine epitaphs.[1] Another theory is that he came from the noble Norman family of de Pertins of Domfront. He completed his studies at the monastery school of St. Victor, and entered the cloister there. On the death (1155) of the first abbot, Gilduin, he was elected to fill the vacant post, becoming the second abbot of the abbey (a post he held until 1161), at a time when the royal abbey was almost at the zenith of its glory and power. In 1157 the cathedral chapter of Séez, composed of canons regular, elected Achard as their bishop, and the choice was duly confirmed by Pope Adrian IV. But Henry II of England intervened and named his personal chaplain, Frogier, or Roger, to the office, thereby vetoing Achard's election. Subsequent relations between Achard and the Plantagenet king were quite cordial, however, with the abbot using (as revealed by a surviving letter from Achard to Henry II) his influence at the English Court to compel the royal treasurer, Richard of Ely, to disemburse for the benefit of the poor some moneys which he was unjustly detaining. In March 1161 Achard was conecrated Bishop of Avranches. Henry made no objection to his consecration, and later that same year Bishop Achard stood as godfather to Henry's daughter, Eleanor, born at Domfront. But the French king, Louis VII, was by no means pleased to see such a shining light of the Parisian church pass over into Norman territory, as is evident from a letter he then addressed to the prior of St. Victor's. In 1163 Achard was in England assisting at the solemn translation of Edward the Confessor in Westminster Abbey. He was a generous patron of the Premonstratensian La Lucerne Abbey, in the diocese of Avranches (the foundation stone of which he laid in 1164), in which his tomb and a fine, though damaged, contemporary effigy can still be seen. He was buried with the simple inscription Hic jacet Achardus episcopus cujus caritate ditata est paupertas nostra. His brethren of St. Victor's celebrated his memory in the following lines: Hujus oliva domus, Anglorum gloria cleri Jam dignus celesti luce foveri Felix Achardus florens etate senile Presul Abrincensis ex hoc signature ovili. Not the least gem in Achard's crown is the memory of his unwavering friendship for Thomas Becket through the years. In the chronicles of St. Victor's, Achard is termed "Blessed". WorksOne treatise (Latin original and eighteenth-century French translation) of Achard's is extant in the Bibliothèque Nationale. It is a long commentary or sermon on the Temptation of Christ in the wilderness, and in it Achard discusses seven degrees of self-renunciation, which he calls the seven deserts of the soul. Hauréau in his Histoire literaire du Maine, I, quotes several passages.
Translations
References1. ^Margaret Gibson, ‘St Victor, Achard of (c.1100–1171)’, rev. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 Further reading
6 : 1100s births|1171 deaths|Canonical Augustinian abbots and priors|Canonical Augustinian bishops|Bishops of Avranches|12th-century Roman Catholic bishops |
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