| 词条 | Acianthus fornicatus |
| 释义 |
|name = Pixie caps | image = Orchid Chatswood probably Acianthus fornicatus.jpg | image_caption = A. fornicatus at Chatswood West, Australia | regnum = Plantae | unranked_divisio = Angiosperms | unranked_classis = Monocots | ordo = Asparagales | familia = Orchidaceae | subfamilia = Orchidoideae | tribus = Diurideae | subtribus = Acianthinae | genus = Acianthus | genus_authority = | subdivision_ranks = | species = A. fornicatus | binomial = Acianthus fornicatus | binomial_authority = R.Br. | synonyms =
|}} Acianthus fornicatus, commonly known as pixie caps, is a flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. It is a terrestrial herb with a single, heart-shaped leaf and up to ten translucent pinkish-red flowers and which is widespread and common in coastal and near-coastal areas. DescriptionAcianthus fornicatus is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a single heart-shaped, glabrous, dark green leaf which is reddish-purple on its lower surface. The leaf is {{convert|10-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|10-20|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide on a stalk {{convert|4-9|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} high.[1][2]There are up to ten flowers, well-spaced on a raceme {{convert|100-300|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall, each flower {{convert|10-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and translucent, pinkish-red with a green, sometimes blackish labellum. The dorsal sepal is broadly egg-shaped, {{convert|9-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|5-6|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide and forms a hood over the column. The lateral sepals are {{convert|9-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|1.4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long wide with tips {{convert|2-4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and may be crossed or parallel to each other. The petals are about {{convert|4 x 1|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and spread widely. The labellum is green, rarely blackish, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, with the outer edges turned under. When flattened, it is heart-shaped, {{convert|5-6|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|2.5-3|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}. There is a thick, fleshy callus covering most of the central area and many small pimple-like papillae on the outer half. Flowering occurs between May and August.[1][2] This species is distinguished from others in the genus by its largish, projecting flowers, usually pinkish colouring, and broad dorsal sepal and labellum.[1] Taxonomy and namingAcianthus fornicatus was first formally described by Robert Brown in 1810 and the description was published in Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae.[3][4] The specific epithet (fornicatus) is a Latin word meaning "vaulted" or "arched".[5]Distribution and habitatThis mosquito orchid is widespread and common in coastal and near-coastal areas in heathy forest and coastal scrub, growing in well-drained sandy loam. It occurs in Queensland and in New South Wales as far south as Eden.[1][2] ConservationAcianthus fornicatus is not threatened in New South Wales.[2]References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1-877069-12-4|page=162}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=Acianthus fornicatus|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Acianthus~fornicatus|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney:plantnet|accessdate=18 June 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Acianthus fornicatus|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/instance/apni/485195|publisher=APNI|accessdate=18 June 2016}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Robert|title=Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae|date=1810|location=London|page=321|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21871#page/189/mode/1up|accessdate=18 June 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Lewis|first1=Charlton T.|last2=Short|first2=Charles|title=fornicatus|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=fornicatus&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059|publisher=A Latin Dictionary|accessdate=18 June 2016}} External links
5 : Acianthus|Orchids of New South Wales|Orchids of Queensland|Endemic orchids of Australia|Plants described in 1810 |
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