“Agranulocyte”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Agranulocyte

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{{distinguish|agranulocytosis}}{{Refimprove|date=September 2014}}Agranulocytes or nongranulocytes, also mononuclear leukocytes, are one of the two types of white blood cells, also known as leukocytes. The other type of white blood cells are known as granulocytes. Agranular cells are noted by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm, which distinguishes them from granulocytes. The two types of agranulocytes in the blood circulation are lymphocytes and monocytes, and these make up about 35% of the hematologic blood values^[1]. A third type of agranulocyte, the macrophage, is formed in the tissue when monocytes leave the circulation and differentiate into macrophages.^[2].^[3]

Lymphocytes are much more common in the lymphatic system, and include natural killer T-cells. The blood has three types of lymphocytes: B cells, T cells and natural killer cells (NK cells). B cells make antibodies that bind to pathogens to enable their destruction. CD4+ (helper) T cells co-ordinate the immune response (they are what becomes defective in an HIV infection). CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells and natural killer cells are able to kill cells of the body that are infected by a virus. T cells are crucial to the immune response because they possess a unique 'memory' system which allows them to remember past invaders and prevent disease when a similar invader is encountered again.

Monocytes share the phagocytosis function of neutrophils, but are much longer lived as they have an additional role: they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed, or so that an antibody response may be mounted. Monocytes are also known as macrophages after they migrate from the bloodstream and enter tissue.

The granulocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells.

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References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-agranulocytes-definition-function.html|title=What Are Agranulocytes? - Definition & Function - Video & Lesson Transcript {{!}} Study.com|website=study.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-14}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/macrophages-definition-function-types.html|title=Macrophages: Definition, Function & Types - Video & Lesson Transcript {{!}} Study.com|website=study.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-14}}
3. ^{{cite web |title=White blood cell count - Complete Blood Count |url=https://www.rnceus.com/cbc/cbcwbc.html |website=www.rnceus.com}}

1 : Leukocytes

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