| 词条 | Administration in Bihar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|title=Administration in Bihar |name_of_state= Bihar |coat_of_arms= |coat_of_arms_caption= Seal of Bihar |seat_of_government= Patna |name_of_governor= Lalji Tandon |name_of_chief_minister= Nitish Kumar |legislative_assembly= Bihar Legislative Assembly |speaker= Vijay Kumar Chaudhary |member_in_assembly=243 |legislative_council= Bihar Legislative Council |chairman= Awadhesh Narain Singh |member_in_council=75 |high_court= Patna High Court |chief_justice= Justice Amreshwar Pratap Sahi |lower_courts = District courts and Panchayats |website= {{URL|http://bihar.nic.in/}} }} Bihar is a state situated in Eastern India. It is surrounded by West Bengal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the west, Jharkhand to the south and Nepal to the north.
HistoryBefore 1905, Bihar was a part of British East India Company's Bengal Presidency. In 1905 the Bengal Presidency was divided and created two new provinces: East Bengal and West Bengal. Until then Bihar was part of West Bengal. Again West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa demanded a separate province based on language rather than religion. In 1912 Bihar and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province. Bihar and Orissa ProvinceFollowing Divisions were included in Bihar and Orissa Province when it separated from Bengal Presidency in 1912:
On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa Province was divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province Bihar ProvinceIn 1936, Bihar became a separate province including part of Jharkhand. After the independence of India in 1951, Bihar including Jharkhand had 18 districts, and had 55 districts in 1991. BiharIn 2000, Bihar again divided into two states: the current Bihar and Jharkhand. In 2001 Bihar had a total of 37 districts. Administrative structureStructurally Bihar is divided into divisions (Pramandal), districts (Zila), sub-divisions (Anumandal) & circles (Aanchal). The state is divided into 9 divisions, 38 districts, 101 subdivisions and 534 circles.[1] 12 municipal corporations, 49 Nagar Parishads and 80 Nagar Panchayats,[2][3][4][5][6] for administrative purposes. The various districts included in the divisions—Patna, Tirhut, Saran, Darbhanga, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, Munger and Magadh Division—are as listed below. {{family tree/start}}{{family tree| | | | | | | | India | India = India}}{{family tree| | | | | | | | |!}}{{family tree| | | | | | | | Bihar | Bihar = Bihar}}{{family tree| | | | | | | | |!}}{{family tree| | | | | | | | Div | Div = Divisions}}{{family tree| | | | | | | | |!}}{{family tree| | | | | | | | Dis | Dis = Districts}}{{family tree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|.}}{{family tree|BL| |MC| | | |MU| |CC| |BL =Blocks(Tehsils) |MC=Municipal Corporations (Maha-Nagar-Palika) |MU=Municipalities (Nagar-Palika) |CC=City Councils (Nagar-Panchayat) }}{{family tree| |!| | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|'}}{{family tree|VI| | | | | | | |WA|VI=Villages (Graam/Gau'n)|WA=Wards}}{{family tree/end}} Divisions{{Further|Divisions of Bihar}}There are 9 divisions in Bihar. {{colbegin|colwidth=18em}}
Districts{{Further|List of districts of Bihar}}There are 38 districts in Bihar, grouped into 9 divisions. {{colbegin|colwidth=18em}}
Sub-divisions{{Further|Subdivisions of Bihar}}Sub-divisions (Anumandal) in Bihar are like sub-districts. There are 101 subdivisions in Bihar. Blocks{{Split section |List of blocks in Bihar|discuss={{TALKPAGENAME}}#Split proposed |date=June 2018}}{{main category|Community development blocks in Bihar}}The Indian state of Bihar is divided into 534 administrative subdivisions called blocks.[7][8]
Municipal corporations{{Further|Municipal Corporations of Bihar}}There are 12 municipal corporation in bihar. 1.Patna 2. Gaya 3. Bhagalpur 4. Purnia 5. Darbhanga 6. Katihar 7. Chhapra 8. Begusarai 9. Muzaffarpur 10. Arrah 11. Biharsharif 12. Munger Municipalities{{Further|Municipalities of Bihar}}City Councils{{Further|City Councils of Bihar}}Judiciary{{See also|Judiciary of India}}High Court{{main|Patna High Court}}The Patna High Court ({{lang-hi|पटना उच्च न्यायालय}}) is the High Court of the state of Bihar. It was established on February 3, 1916, and later affiliated under the Government of India Act, 1915. The court is headquartered in Patna, the administrative capital of the state. A proclamation was made by the Governor-General of India on 22 March 1912. The foundation-stone of the High Court Building was laid on 1 December 1913 by His Excellency the late Viceroy and Governor-General of India, Sir Charles Hardinge of Penshurst. The Patna High Court building on its completion was formally opened by the same Viceroy on 3 February 1916. Hon. Sir Justice Edward Maynard Des Champs Chamier was the first Chief Justice of Patna High Court. This High Court has given two Chief Justices of India: Hon'ble Mr. Justice Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha, the 6th C.J.I., and Hon. Mr. Justice Lalit Mohan Sharma, the 24th C.J.I.. Hon. The Chief Justice Mr. Amreshwar Pratap Sahi is the current Chief Justice of Patna High Court. City Courts{{Empty section|date=February 2011}}LegislatureBihar is one of the seven states where bicameral legislature exists. Other states are Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The Vidhan Parishad serves as the upper house and Vidhan Sabha serves as the lower house of a bicameral legislature. Vidhan Sabha{{main|Bihar Vidhan Sabha}}The Vidhan Sabha is also known as Legislative Assembly. The Bihar Legislative Assembly first came into being in 1937. The current strength of the House is 243. {{See also|Vidhan Sabha}}Vidhan Parishad{{main|Bihar Vidhan Parishad}}The Vidhan Parishad is also known as Legislative Council. A new province of Bihar and Orissa was created by the British Government on 12 December 1911. The Legislative Council with a total of 43 members belonging to different categories was formed in 1912. The first sitting of the Council was convened on 20 January 1913. In 1936, Bihar attained its separate Statehood. Under the Government of India Act, 1919, the unicameral legislature got converted into bicameral one, i.e. the Bihar Legislative Council and the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Under the Government of India Act, 1935, the Bihar Legislative Council consisted of 29 members. After the first General Elections 1952, the number of members was increased up to 72 and by 1958 the number was raised to 96. With the creation of Jharkhand, as a result of the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 passed by the Parliament, the strength of the Bihar Legislative Council has been reduced from 96 to 75 members. {{See also|Vidhan Parishad}}See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/male-child-preference-leads-to-early-marriage-for-girls-in-bihar-117092500203_1.html|title=Indexing Gender Parity and Estimation of Child Marriage: A comprehensive study of 534 Blocks in Bihar|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925092627/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/male-child-preference-leads-to-early-marriage-for-girls-in-bihar-117092500203_1.html|archivedate=2017-09-25|df=}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170330/jsp/bihar/story_143389.jsp#.WNziu7lMTcs|title=Bihar Civic elections likely in May 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331031251/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170330/jsp/bihar/story_143389.jsp#.WNziu7lMTcs|archivedate=2017-03-31|df=}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/reorganization-will-increase-the-number-of-city-councils/956843.html|title=बिहार : नगर विकास एवं आवास विभाग की पहल, पुनर्गठन से नगर परिषदों की बढ़ जायेगी संख्या|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324174135/http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/reorganization-will-increase-the-number-of-city-councils/956843.html|archivedate=2017-03-24|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/story/954291.html|title=पहली बार कोई महिला बनेगी पटना नगर निगम की मेयर|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324175018/http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/story/954291.html|archivedate=2017-03-24|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ward-delimitation-begins-in-chhapra/articleshow/57299170.cms|title=Ward delimitation begins in Chhapra|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227073049/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ward-delimitation-begins-in-chhapra/articleshow/57299170.cms|archivedate=2017-02-27|df=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-MAT-latest-patna-news-020501-2002341-NOR.html|title=छपरा को निगम बख्तियारपुर को मिला नगर परिषद का दर्जा|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324181148/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-MAT-latest-patna-news-020501-2002341-NOR.html|archivedate=2017-03-24|df=}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=State Profile|url=http://www.gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/default.htm|publisher=Government of Bihar|access-date=6 July 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706135323/http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/default.htm|archivedate=6 July 2017|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://dse.bih.nic.in/BSS%20contact.pdf|title=534 Bihar Blocks list|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828192803/http://dse.bih.nic.in/BSS%20contact.pdf|archivedate=2017-08-28|df=}} External links
1 : Government of Bihar |
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