| 词条 | Adolf Mahr |
| 释义 |
Adolf Mahr (7 May 1887 - 27 May 1951) was an Austrian archaeologist, who served as director of the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin, Ireland, in the 1930s, and is credited with advancing the work of the museum substantially. Through his becoming the Leader of the Dublin Nazi chapter, and later broadcasting propaganda from Germany, he became a highly controversial figure in twentieth-century Irish history,[1]{{rp|17}} and was not allowed to return to his job after the war. LifeEarly lifeMahr was born in May 1887 in Trent in the southern reaches of the Habsburg Empire.[2] His father, Gustav Johann Mahr, and grandfather, Franz Anton Mahr (1830–1891), were military bandmasters and well-known composers. His mother, Maria Antonia Schroll, like his father, was a German from the Sudetenland. Mahr was brought up as a Roman Catholic, later becoming an atheist, and later still (at least nominally) Protestant.[2] Early career and universityMahr served in the Austrian Army in 1906, attaining the rank of lieutenant, and then studied geography and prehistory at the University of Vienna, where he also sustained a long-term arm injury while duelling.[2] Professional careerMahr went to work for a museum in Linz, Austria's third city, and then the Natural History and Prehistoric Museum of Vienna, where he rose to the ranks of curator and deputy director of a section.[2] His excavation work included early exploration of the salt mine and Iron Age Celtic cemetery at Hallstatt. Mahr arrived in Ireland in 1927 to work as Senior Keeper of (Irish) Antiquities in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin, succeeding Walther Bremer.[3] Mahr implemented the recommendations of Professor Nils Lithberg on reorganisation of the collections, and otherwise worked to bring order to the museum's holdings. One of his key achievements was the production of a card index of excavations and finds, and he also drove a return to active archaeological dig work, after an interval of decades.[2] In 1934 Éamon de Valera appointed Mahr as the director of the museum, for which he built an international reputation through creativity and dedication. de Valera was so impressed with his commitment that he wrote him a personal cheque for one excavation project, in Drimnagh, Dublin, for what was then a considerable sum. During a stay for an archaeology congress in Berlin and family visit to Austria, on September 1, 1939, he was kept by Nazi Germany ("Heim ins Reich") (the ship did not leave the harbour[4]) due to the outbreak of the war, and could not return to his directorship, from which he took a leave of absence.[1]{{rp|106}} At the time, he still expected to be back in Dublin by early 1940.[2] Nazi activitiesAs the Nazi Party rose to power in Germany in the 1930s, Mahr had joined in 1933 and became the Local Group Leader (Ortsgruppenleiter) of the official Nazi Party in Ireland - the Auslandsorganisation (NSDAP-AO).[5] During his spell as Nazi leader he recruited roughly 23 Germans. Later, Mahr was arrested and (falsely) accused of being a Nazi spy, using his position as Director of the National Museum to plan Hitler's invasion of Ireland.[1] After his release, Mahr tried to return to his director’s position in Ireland, but was not allowed to do so.[1] Late lifeMahr sought to return to his directorship, and the Taoiseach was originally in favour, given his achievements, but there was opposition from the Head of Military Intelligence, and a vocal TD. In the end, Mahr was left in Germany, but given some pension, and derived some income from occasional lectures. He died of heart failure in Bonn while preparing for a new job, on 27 May 1951.[2] FamilyIn 1921 Mahr married Maria van Bemmelen (1901-1975), daughter of a Dutch university professor. They had four children, two born in Ireland, and all were raised in Dublin in the 1930s but stranded in Germany and Austria in September 1939, ending up in post-war Germany.[1] His marriage deteriorated from 1941.[2] One daughter later moved back to Ireland for a time. References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Mullins|first=Gerry|title=Dublin Nazi No. 1 : the life of Adolf Mahr|year=2007|publisher=Liberties Press|location=Dublin, Ireland|isbn=978-1905483204}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |last1=Maume, P |first1=McGuinness, D |title=Mahr, Adolf |url=http://dib.cambridge.org/viewReadPage.do;?articleId=a5400 |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |publisher=Royal Irish Academy / Cambridge University Press |accessdate=22 August 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Whitty |first=Audrey |title=An Unexpected Friendship: Albert Bender and Adolf Mahr |url=http://www.museum.ie/en/exhibition/albert-bender.aspx?article=584e0abf-71be-4626-877d-cb0bd7404d18 |work=A Dubliner’s Collection of Asian Art – The Albert Bender Exhibition |publisher=National Museum of Ireland |accessdate=12 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526233224/http://www.museum.ie/en/exhibition/albert-bender.aspx?article=584e0abf-71be-4626-877d-cb0bd7404d18 |archivedate=26 May 2014 }} 4. ^personal communication of Mahr's daughter Hilde 5. ^{{cite web |last=Nicholas |first=Lynn |title=Report on the Final Report to the Royal Irish Academy by the Hunt Museum Evaluation Group |work= |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |date=8 August 2007 |url=http://www.ria.ie/pdfs/huntreport.pdf |accessdate=18 November 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.ria.ie/pdfs/huntreport.pdf |archivedate=23 March 2019 }} Further reading
External links
5 : Austrian archaeologists|Nazis from outside Germany|People associated with the National Museum of Ireland|1887 births|1951 deaths |
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