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词条 Adoption fraud
释义

  1. Prevalence and statistics

  2. Prevention and variants

  3. Consequences

  4. Famous cases

  5. Television

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. Further reading

Adoption fraud also known as illegal adoption can be defined as when a person or institute attempts to either illegally adopt a child or illegally give up a child for adoption.[1] Common ways in which this can be done include dishonesty and bribes.[1][2]

Prevalence and statistics

It can be quite difficult to obtain accurate statistics concerning adoption fraud. However, below is a sample "603 adoptions were recorded by Greece's courts in 2005, an increase of 20 percent over the previous year, according to government statistics. But fewer than 60 of these adoptions were carried out through state channels",[3] meaning that in some regions of the world up to 90% of adoptions share the potential of being illegal.

Prevention and variants

Genetics and other forms of identification may help in convicting and catching those who do adoption fraud. This field also has the potential to block potential criminals from committing this crime beforehand.[4][5]

Consequences

In addition to being an offense that carries a felony in many nations (including the United States) adoption fraud is also illegal on an international scale. Perpetrators of this felony may face imprisonment and fines if they are convicted.[4][5][6][7]

Famous cases

  • The Adoption of Case No. 6815 Michael Edward Chalek Circuit Court of the 8th Judicial Circuit in and for Alachua County Florida
  • Scott and Karen Banks - Focus on Children, Utah-Samoa
  • Others involved: Dan Wakefield
  • The Adoption of Michelle Lyn Riess - New Jersey (1976)
  • The Tennessee Children's Home Society, an unlicensed adoption agency used by its longtime director Georgia Tann as a front for black market adoptions. An investigation in 1950 revealed the illegal activities of the Society; Tann died that year before she could be prosecuted. Many celebrities, among them Joan Crawford and the husband-wife pair of Dick Powell and June Allyson, used the Society for their adoptions, but were unaware of the means Tann used to obtain children. Professional wrestling legend Ric Flair was one of the last children adopted through the Society.

Television

The Dr. Phil Show had an episode revolving around an adoption scam between a couple and single mother. The couple placed an ad on Craigslist to which the scammer immediately replied. The couple was sent fake ultrasounds and fake medical reports, and received money. With the use of technology, the scammer was able to keep the lie about giving the child to them for more than nine months. The episode informed people about signs to look out for when adopting a child, especially when it is not through an adoption agency.[8]

See also

  • Human trafficking

References

1. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EiPWZm49bLYC&pg=PA218 |title=Yes, You Can Adopt!: A Comprehensive Guide to Adoption|publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2011-12-12}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.adoptimist.com/adoption-blog/internet-adoption-scams-russian-adoption-ban|title=Internet Adoption Scams and the Russian Adoption Ban|last=Bernardo|first=Sanford M.|date=31 December 2012|publisher=Adoptimist|accessdate=3 June 2013}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.childtrafficking.org/cgi-bin/ct/main.sql?file=view_document.sql&TITLE=-1&AUTHOR=-1&THESAURO=-1&ORGANIZATION=-1&TOPIC=-1&GEOG=-1&YEAR=-1&LISTA=No&COUNTRY=-1&FULL_DETAIL=Yes&ID=2816 |title=Child Trafficking |publisher=Child Trafficking |date=2006-12-18 |accessdate=2011-12-12}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|author=Whitney L.J. Howell |url=http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2010/11/dna.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111152604/http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2010/11/dna.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2010-11-11 |title=Adoption Fraud, Forensics and Genetics | Duke Today |publisher=Dukenews.duke.edu |date=2010-11-10 |accessdate=2011-12-12 }}
5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/investigate/gender/adoption/docs/DOS_fact_sheet_on_Focus_on_Children_Adoption_Fraud_Case_3-1-07.pdf |title=Fact Sheet on Focus On Children Adoption Fraud Case |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-12-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402221603/http://www.brandeis.edu/investigate/gender/adoption/docs/DOS_fact_sheet_on_Focus_on_Children_Adoption_Fraud_Case_3-1-07.pdf |archivedate=2012-04-02 }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://csuspress.lib.csus.edu/sinology/content/ren_xin.html |title=Legal Protection Of Women S Rights In China |publisher=Csuspress.lib.csus.edu |date= |accessdate=2011-12-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315214448/http://csuspress.lib.csus.edu/sinology/content/ren_xin.html |archivedate=2012-03-15 }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.justice.gov/usao/ut/press/releases/focus_on_children_indictment.pdf |title=U |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-12-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016100408/http://www.justice.gov/usao/ut/press/releases/focus_on_children_indictment.pdf |archivedate=2007-10-16 }}
8. ^{{Cite episode|series=Dr. Phil|url = http://www.drphil.com/shows/show/2218|date = August 20, 2014|title = "Where Are Our Newborn Twins?" Is This an Adoption Scam?}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|last1=Chalek|first1=Mike|title=Fraud on the Court|date=November 25, 2012|publisher=Lightning Source|isbn=0988535122|pages=138}}

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