| 词条 | Agraharathil Kazhutai |
| 释义 |
| name = Agraharathil Kazhutai | image = Agraharathil Kazhuthai.jpg | caption = Poster in Malayalam | writer = Venkat Swaminathan | starring = M. B. Sreenivasan Swathi | director = John Abraham | producer = Charly John John Abraham | cinematography = Ramachandra Babu[1] | editing = Ravi | studio = Nirmithi Films[1] | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1977||}} | runtime = 96 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=430}} | country = India | language = Tamil | music = M. B. Sreenivasan[1] }} Agraharathil Kazhutai ({{lit|Donkey in the Brahmin ghetto}}) is a 1977 Tamil language satirical film. Directed by avant-garde film-maker John Abraham, the film had its screenplay by film critic Venkat Swaminathan. This was John's second film (his first in Tamil). Made as satire on the Brahminical bigotry and superstition, a donkey becomes the central character in the film. At the 25th National Film Awards, the film won the Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil. In 2013, IBN Live included the film in its list of 100 greatest Indian films of all time. It was inspired by Robert Bresson's French film Au Hasard Balthazar. PlotNarayanaswami, a professor and resident of a Brahmin village, adopts a new-born donkey after an enraged crowd kills its mother. The donkey becomes the sole companion to a deaf-mute maid who works in Narayanaswami's house. There is chaos among the villagers upon the arrival of the donkey and children start playing pranks on the donkey. Thinking that having a donkey in the village will ruin them, the villagers attack and kill the donkey. Soon after its death, miracles start happening in the village. Slowly people believe all that is because of the donkey and start worshipping its dead body. They arrange for a ritual funeral for the donkey before burning it. The fire spreads around the village and kills many people; Narayanaswami and Uma are the only survivors. Cast
ProductionA graduate of the Film and Television Institute of India, John Abraham assisted Mani Kaul in Uski Roti (1969) before getting a break as an independent director in the 1971 Malayalam film Vidyarthikale Ithile Ithile. Agraharathil Kazhutai was his second feature film and first one in Tamil.[1][2] He cited Robert Bresson's French film Au Hasard Balthazar as an inspiration for Agraharathil Kazhutai. Shooting locations included Loyola College and Kundrathur near Chengalpattu.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=430}} The film took five years to complete.[3] ReceptionAgraharathil Kazhutai received international acclaim.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=39}} In 1978, Agraharathil Kazhutai won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 25th National Film Awards. The jury noted John's usage of the verses of Tamil poet Subramania Bharati "for creating a parable set against the orthodoxies and superstitions of a Brahmin village community".[4] It was screened under the Indian panorama of the International Film Festival of India in 1978.[5][6] Along with a few other films, it pioneered the "new wave" movement in South Indian cinema. The film was banned in Tamil Nadu as it was seen as Brahmanical bigotry which might hurt the sentiments of Brahmins.[7] Doordarshan was forced to cancel a scheduled telecast of the film.[1] The film was seen as an 'under-appreciated' work but is regarded as a classic now.[8] The film gave a much needed breakthrough for John Abraham. In 2013, IBN Live included it among the 100 greatest films of all-time in Indian cinema.[2]References1. ^1 {{cite news|last1=A|first1=Sreekumar|title=The legend of John|url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/the-legend-of-john/7/36696/|work=The Sunday Indian|accessdate=11 January 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-89.html|publisher=IBN Live|date=17 April 2013|accessdate=6 May 2013}} 3. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/john-the-iconic-filmmaker-comes-alive-on-screen/article24125167.ece |title=John, the iconic filmmaker, comes alive on screen |last=Sudhish |first=Navamy |date=9 June 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=15 June 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=25th National Film Festival of India|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm25thNFAAward.aspx|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|accessdate=11 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010041511/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm25thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=10 October 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/indian_cinema_1978-79.pdf|title=Indian Panorama 1979|last=|first=|date=1979|website=|publisher=International Film Festival of India|pages=104–105|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106110851/http://dff.nic.in/2011/indian_cinema_1978-79.pdf|archive-date=6 January 2017|dead-url=bot: unknown|access-date=28 June 2018}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Film World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3lTAAAAYAAJ|year=1979|page=109|publisher=T.M. Ramachandran}} 7. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/our-tooeasily-offended-public/article6555455.ece |title=Our too-easily offended public |last=V. Raman |first=Mohan |date=1 November 2014 |work=The Hindu |access-date=11 January 2015 |author-link=Mohan Raman}} 8. ^{{cite news|last1=Subramanian|first1=Karthik|title=Fame by frame|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/fame-by-frame/article2579936.ece|accessdate=11 January 2015|work=The Hindu|date=29 October 2011}} Bibliography
External links
12 : 1970s avant-garde and experimental films|Indian black-and-white films|Indian avant-garde and experimental films|Indian films|Films about animals|Films directed by John Abraham|1970s Tamil-language films|Indian independent films|Indian art films|Indian films without songs|Indian satirical films|Best Tamil Feature Film National Film Award winners |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。