“Ahipara”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ahipara is a town and locality in Northland, New Zealand at the southern end of Ninety Mile Beach, with the Tauroa Peninsula to the west and Herekino Forest to the east. Ahipara Bay is to the north west. Kaitaia is 14 km to the north east,^[1] and Pukepoto is between the two.

History and culture

Pre-European settlement

The name comes from the Māori language words ahi, meaning fire, and para, a large fern, and can be translated as "a fire at which para was cooked". Prior to the late 18th century, the area was called Wharo, which means "stretched out". That name originated when the chief Tohe ordered a slave to measure the distance the tide had receded, by counting the number of arm-spans from the high water level.^[3]

European settlement

The area was popular with kauri gum-diggers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.^[4] The Ahipara Gumfields Historic Reserve is to the south of the town.

Shipwreck Bay (Te Kōhanga in Māori), at the southern point of Ahipara Bay, contains a number of wrecks visible at low tide.^[5]

Ahipara Bay was once well known for its toheroa shellfish, but gathering these is restricted due to their near-extinction.^[6]^[7]

Marae

Ahipara is located within the rohe (tribal area) of Te Rarawa, and has strong connections to the iwi.^[8]

Another local marae, Wainui Marae and Ngātiruamahue meeting house, is affiliated with the Ngāpuhi / Ngāti Kahu ki Whaingaroa hapū of Ngāti Ruamahue.^[11]^[12]

Recreation

Ahipara and Shipwreck Bays are popular surfing spots.^[14] The area featured in the 1966 surf movie The Endless Summer. Shipwreck Bay has been reported as one of the best left hand surf breaks in the world.^[15] See also: Surfing in New Zealand.

Education

Ahipara School is a coeducational full primary (years 1-8) school with a decile rating of 3 and a roll of 241.^[16] It was founded in 1872 as a mission school, and moved to its present site in 1901.^[17]

Environment

Ahipara has a number of coastal care groups, including the Ahipara Komiti Takutaimoana (for present and future sustainable use and protection of the Kaimoana/seafood) and Ahipara Community CoastCare (protection and restoration of the dune environment).^[20]

References

1. ^{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/Places/Northland/NorthlandPlaces/2/en|title=Northland places|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of New Zealand}}
2. ^{{NZ Quickstats2013|13074}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=The Reed Dictionary of New Zealand Place Names|author=A W Reed|page=5|year=2002|isbn=0-7900-0761-4}}
4. ^{{cite web |url= http://ahipara.co.nz/gumfields/info/kaurigum.htm |title=The Kauri Gum Industry |work=ahipara.co.nz |year=2004 |accessdate=4 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110724191657/http://ahipara.co.nz/Gumfields/info/kaurigum.htm| archivedate= 24 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northlandnz.com/destinations/top_of_the_north/ahipara.htm|title=Top of the North - Ahipara|publisher=Destination Northland|access-date=2008-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012091502/http://www.northlandnz.com/destinations/top_of_the_north/ahipara.htm|archive-date=2007-10-12|dead-url=yes|df=}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ahiparaonline.com/2011/02/aquaculture-bill-submission/ |title=Aquaculture Bill Submission |work=Ahipara Online |date=11 February 2011 |accessdate=4 July 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
7. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/northland-places/1 |title=Northland places - Aupōuri Peninsula |encyclopedia=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |first=Claudia |last=Orange |date=2 March 2009}}
8. ^{{cite|url=http://www.terarawa.iwi.nz/|title=Te Rarawa}}
9. ^ {{cite|url=http://www.terarawa.iwi.nz/korou-kore-marae.html|title=Korou Kore Marae: Tūrangawaewae o Ngāti Moroki }}
10. ^ {{cite|url=http://www.terarawa.iwi.nz/roma-marae.html|title=Te Rarawa, Roma Marae}}
11. ^¹{{cite web|title=Te Kāhui Māngai directory|url= http://www.tkm.govt.nz/ |website=tkm.govt.nz|publisher=Te Puni Kōkiri}}
12. ^¹{{cite web |title=Māori Maps |url=https://maorimaps.com/map |website=maorimaps.com |publisher=Te Potiki National Trust}}
13. ^ {{cite|url=http://www.terarawa.iwi.nz/wainui-marae.html|title=Te Rarawa Iwi: Wainui Marae}}
14. ^{{cite book|title=Discover New Zealand - A Wises Guide|publisher=Wises Publications|year=1994|edition=9th|page=1}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.surfingatlas.com/spot/3107|title=Shipwreck Bay|last=|first=|date=|website=surfingatlas.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
16. ^{{TKI|1000|Ahipara school}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ahipara.school.nz/General%20Info/Sch%20Desc%20Sep%2007.pdf|format=pdf|title=Ahipara Primary School - School Description|access-date=2008-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014175417/http://www.ahipara.school.nz/General%20Info/Sch%20Desc%20Sep%2007.pdf|archive-date=2008-10-14|dead-url=yes|df=}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ero.govt.nz/review-reports/ahipara-sandhoppers-early-childhood-14-09-2015/|title=Ahipara Sandhoppers Early Childhood - ERO Report|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://predatorfreenz.org/ahipara-sandhoppers/|title=Ahipara youngsters lead the way|last=|first=|date=|work=Predator Free NZ Trust|access-date=}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrc.govt.nz/environment/coast/coastcare/coastcare-group-profiles/|title=Coastcare group profiles|last=|first=|date=|website=Northland Regional Council|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}