“Aizik Volpert”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Aizik Isaakovich Vol'pert ({{lang-ru|Айзик Исаакович Вольперт}}) (5 June 1923^[1]^[2] – January 2006) (the family name is also transliterated as Volpert^[4] or Wolpert^[5]) was a Soviet and Israeli mathematician and chemical engineer^[6] working in partial differential equations, functions of bounded variation and chemical kinetics.

Life and academic career

Vol'pert graduated from Lviv University in 1951, earning the candidate of science degree and the docent title respectively in 1954 and 1956 from the same university:^[1] from 1951 on he worked at the Lviv Industrial Forestry Institute.^[1] In 1961 he became senior research fellow^[7] while 1962 he earned the "doktor nauk"^[2] degree from Moscow State University. In the 1970s–1980s A. I. Volpert became one of the leaders of the Russian Mathematical Chemistry scientific community.^[8] He finally joined Technion’s Faculty of Mathematics in 1993,^[3] doing is Aliyah in 1994.^[9]

Work

Index theory and elliptic boundary problems

Vol'pert developed an effective algorithm for calculating the index of an elliptic problem before the Atiyah-Singer index theorem appeared:^[10] He was also the first to show that the index of a singular matrix operator can be different from zero.^[11]

Functions of bounded variation

He was one of the leading contributors to the theory of BV-functions: he introduced the concept of functional superposition, which enabled him to construct a calculus for such functions and applying it in the theory of partial differential equations.^[12] Precisely, given a continuously differentiable function {{math|f : ℝ^p → ℝ}} and a function of bounded variation {{math|u(x) {{=}} (u₁(x),...,u_p(x))}} with {{math|x ∈ ℝⁿ}} and {{math|n ≥ 1}}, he proves that {{math|f∘u(x) {{=}} f(u(x))}} is again a function of bounded variation and the following chain rule formula holds:^[13]

where {{math|{{overset|–|f}}(u(x))}} is the already cited functional superposition of {{math|f}} and {{math|u}}. By using his results, it is easy to prove that functions of bounded variation form an algebra of discontinuous functions: in particular, using his calculus for {{math|n {{=}} 1}}, it is possible to define the product {{math|H ⋅ δ}} of the Heaviside step function {{math|H(x)}} and the Dirac distribution {{math|δ(x)}} in one variable.^[14]

Chemical kinetics

His work on chemical kinetics and chemical engineering led him to define and study differential equations on graphs.^[15]

Selected publications

}}. One of the best books about BV-functions and their application to problems of mathematical physics, particularly chemical kinetics.

}}. A seminal paper where Caccioppoli sets and BV functions are thoroughly studied and the concept of functional superposition is introduced and applied to the theory of partial differential equations: it was also translated as {{Citation

See also

Notes

1. ^¹²³See {{harvtxt|Kurosh|Vityushkov|Boltyanskii|Dynkin|1959b|p=145}}.
2. ^¹²See {{harvtxt|Fomin|Shilov|1969|p=265}}.
3. ^¹According to the few information given by the {{harvtxt|Editorial staff of Focus|2003|p=9}}.
4. ^See {{harvtxt|Chuyko|2009|p=79}}.
5. ^See {{harvtxt|Mikhlin|Prössdorf|1986|p=369}}.
6. ^His training as an engineer is clearly indicated by {{harvtxt|Truesdell|1991|p=88, footnote 1}} who, referring to the book {{Harv|Hudjaev|Vol'pert|1986}}, writes exactly:-"Be it noted that this clear, excellent, and compact book is written by and for engineers".
7. ^Precisely he became "старший научный сотрудник", abbreviated as "ст. науч. сотр.", according to {{harvtxt|Fomin|Shilov|1969|p=265}}.
8. ^{{harvtxt|Manelis|Aldoshin|2005|pp=7–8}} detail briefly Vol'pert's and other scientists contribution to the development of mathematical chemistry. Precisely, they write that "В работах математического отдел института ( А. Я. Повзнер, А. И. Вольперт, А. Я. Дубовицкий) получили широкое развитие математической основи химической физики: теория систем дифференциальных уравнений, методы оптимизации, современные вычислительные методы методы отображения и т.д., которые легли в основу современной химической физики (теоретические основы химической кинетики, макрокинетики, теории горения и взрыва и т.д.)", i.e. (English translation) "In the Mathematical Department of the Institute (A. Ya. Povzner, A. I. Vol'pert, A. Ya. Dubovitskii) the mathematical foundations of chemical physics have been widely developed: particularly the theory of systems of differential equations, optimization techniques, advanced computational methods, imaging techniques, etc. which formed the basis of modern chemical physics (the theoretical foundations of chemical kinetics, macrokinetics, the theory of combustion and explosion, etc.)".
9. ^According to {{harvtxt|Ingbar|2010|p=80}}.
10. ^According to {{harvtxt|Chuyko|2009|p=79}}. See also {{harvtxt|Mikhlin|1965|pp=185 and 207–208}} and {{harvtxt|Miklhin|Prössdorf|1986|p=369}}.
11. ^See {{harvtxt|Mikhlin|Prössdorf|1986|p=369}} and also {{harv|Prössdorf|p=108}}.
12. ^In the paper {{Harv|Vol'pert|1967|pp=246–247}}: see also the book {{Harv|Hudjaev|Vol'pert|1985|loc=Chapter 4, §6. "Differentiation formulas"}}.
13. ^See the entry on functions of bounded variation for more details on the quantities appearing in this formula: here it is only worth to remark that a more general one, meaningful even for Lipschitz continuous functions {{math|f : ℝ^p → ℝ^s}}, has been proved by Luigi Ambrosio and Gianni Dal Maso in the paper {{Harv|Ambrosio|Dal Maso|1990}}.
14. ^See {{harvtxt|Dal Maso|Lefloch|Murat|1995|pp=483–484}}. This paper is one of several works where the results of the paper {{Harv|Vol'pert|1967|pp=246–247}} are extended in order to define a particular product of distributions: the product introduced is called the "Nonconservative product".
15. ^See {{Harv|Vol'pert|1972}} and also {{Harv|Hudjaev|Vol'pert|1985|pp=607–666}}.

References

Biographical references

}}. "The Institute of Chemical Physics. Historical essays" (English translation of the title) is an historical book on the Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, written by Fedor Ivanovich Dubovitskii, one of his founders and leading directors for many years. It gives many useful details on the lives and the achievements of many scientists who worked there, including Aizik Isaakovich Vol'pert.

}}. A short announce of the "Partial Differential Equations and Applications" conference in celebration of Aizik I. Volpert's 80th Birthday, held in June 2003 by the Center for Mathematical Sciences, including a few biographical details. The conference participants and program can be found at the conference web site {{harv|Pinchover|Rubinstein|Shafrir|2003}}.

}}. The "Mathematics in the USSR 1958–1967" is a two–volume continuation of the opus "Mathematics in the USSR during its first forty years 1917–1957" and describes the developments of Soviet mathematics during the period 1958–1967. Precisely it is meant as a continuation of the second volume of that work and, as such, is titled "Biobibliography" (evidently an acronym of biography and bibliography). It includes new biographies (when possible, brief and complete) and bibliographies of works published by new Soviet mathematicians during that period, and updates on the work and biographies of scientist included in the former volume, alphabetically ordered with respect to author's surname.

}}. "Mathematics in the USSR during its first forty years 1917–1957 is an opus in two volumes describing the developments of Soviet mathematics during the first forty years of its existence. This is the second volume, titled "Biobibliography" (evidently an acronym of biography and bibliography), containing a complete bibliography of works published by Soviet mathematicians during that period, alphabetically ordered with respect to author's surname and including, when possible, brief but complete biographies of the authors.

}}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. "Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics. Fifty years in the trenches" (English translation of the title) is a brief historical sketch of the institute, published in the first volume of the 2004 yearbook.

Scientific references

}}. "Mathematics in the USSR during its first forty years 1917–1957 is an opus in two volumes describing the developments of Soviet mathematics during the first forty years of its existence. This is the first volume, titled "Survey articles" and consists exactly of such kind of articles authored by Soviet experts and reviewing briefly the contributions of Soviet mathematicians to a chosen field, during the years from 1917 to 1957.