“Gnomes of Zürich”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Swiss bankers are popularly associated with extremely secretive policies, while gnomes in fairy tales live underground, in secret, counting their riches.^[3]^[4] Zürich is the commercial centre of Switzerland.

History

After World War II, British Labour party politicians were worried about speculation against the pound undermining the economic regime. Economic growth in the United Kingdom was low, only half that of Germany and France. The demand for pound sterling started to fall.^[5]^[6]

Although Swiss bankers had been criticised in Britain since the 1950s, the term "gnome of Zürich" originated in a crisis meeting of the Labour politicians in November 1964.^[7] The politicians blamed Swiss bankers for raising speculation against the pound.^[8] During the meeting, politician George Brown criticised the Swiss bankers and said, "The gnomes of Zürich are at work again." The term "Gnomes of Zürich" was then used by many other politicians of the time.^[5] Then Prime Minister, Harold Wilson vowed to resist the gnomes' sinister power.^[9]

Paul Rossy, a top banker in Zürich at the time, stated, "In the world it is not the image, but the substance behind the image which counts." The phrase "gnomes of Zürich" was adopted by the Americans as well.^[5]

Impact

Soon after the catchphrase became famous, a few Swiss bankers started answering their phone as "Hello, gnome speaking."^[5] An audacious Swiss banker moved to London in order to set up his business and named it "Gnome of Notting Hill".^[5]

In recent decades, Zürich bankers have lost the foothold they had in the global economy due to the rise of London, New York, Dubai and Hong Kong as leading financial capitals.^[5] The Zürich Money Museum displays the sculpture of a gnome. Jurg Conzett of the Zürich Money Museum says that nowadays, bankers see gnome as "almost" a noble title. Bankers currently based in London who are agitated by rising taxes, stricter regulation and public animosity towards investment banking are considering moving in large numbers to Zürich itself where banking is "the state religion."^[5]

Other uses

The phrase is reflected in the traditions of the Zürich Grasshoppers Rugby Club, whose mascot is a gnome and which occasionally plays a third/casual team called "The Gnomes".

Gnomes of Zürich is also the name of a classic rock band from North East England, and a 1990s psychedelic rock band from Minneapolis.^[10]

The Gnomes of Zürich are one of the playable Illuminati in Steve Jackson's card game of conspiracy, Illuminati. Their goal is to collect a specified amount of megabucks, the game's currency.^[11]

The original version of the computer game Zork makes reference to an "epicene gnome of Zurich".

Valiant Comics' Archer & Armstrong features a group of literal gnomes referred to as the Gnomes of Zurich, one of many factions within The Sect formed to kill the titular immortal, Armstrong.

References

1. ^{{cite news | title = Switzerland: The Gnomes of Zurich | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839415,00.html | accessdate = 4 November 2015 | publisher = TIME | date = March 12, 1965 }}
2. ^{{cite book | author = Oxford University Press | title = A Dictionary of Finance and Banking | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9ho2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA210 | date = March 2014 | publisher = OUP Oxford | isbn = 978-0-19-966493-1 | pages = 210– | quote = An unflattering term applied to Swiss bankers and financiers, alluding to their secrecy and speculative activity. }}
3. ^{{cite book | author = Robert L. Kroon | title = A Lifetime of News: Tales Of A Foreign Correspondent | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zYSLAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT153 | date = 27 February 2008 | publisher = Xlibris Corporation | isbn = 978-1-4653-2202-9 | pages = 153– | quote = At the time, Swiss bankers were seriously upset about the label “Gnomes of Zurich,” stuck on them by Britain's Labour ... We got along well and the great banker took his time to dispel “all those nonsensical fairy tales” about gnomes and such. }}
4. ^{{cite book | author = Christopher Hope | title = The Garden of Bad Dreams and Other Stories | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8hMgAQAAIAAJ | year = 2008 | publisher = Atlantic | isbn = 978-1-84354-772-3 | quote = In the metaphysics of midgetry, gnomes are bucolic, elderly, fairy-tale creatures, sometimes associated with riches: as, say, the gnomes of Zurich. Dwarfs are less reliable, discomforting; they evoke sympathy but it is mixed with fear. }}
5. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web | work = BBC News Magazine | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8534936.stm | title = Why are Swiss bankers called gnomes? | author = Chris Bowlby | date = 25 February 2010 }}
6. ^{{cite book | author = William Norris | title = One from Seven Hundred: A Year in the Life of Parliament | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EBSoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 | date = 17 May 2014 | publisher = Elsevier Science | isbn = 978-1-4831-3712-4 | pages = 10– | quote = ... The gnomes of Zurich, as international money speculators had been labelled by the Labour Party, were being given a hard fight. But for some ... }}
7. ^{{cite book | author = Daniel Fasnacht | title = Open Innovation in the Financial Services: Growing Through Openness, Flexibility and Customer Integration | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=37GNaOKEuwsC&pg=PA76 | date = 11 February 2009 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | isbn = 978-3-540-88231-2 | pages = 76– | quote = So, he snapped after a meeting “the gnomes of Zurich are at work again.” T.R. Fehrenbach published 2 years later his bestseller “The Gnomes of Zurich.”7 His book provided the first searching look behind the geranium-boxed barred windows ... }}
8. ^{{cite book | author = New York Media, LLC | title = New York Magazine | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=puECAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA17 | date = 24 June 1968 | publisher = New York Media, LLC | pages = 17– | quote = You will recall that the phrase "the Gnomes of Zurich" came from George Brown, Deputy Prime Minister of Great Britain, in 1964. When the pound was under attack, Mr. Brown said it was "the Gnomes of ... }}
9. ^{{cite book | author = Diccon Bewes | title = Swiss Watching: Inside the Land of Milk and Money | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hP9MkZky0_EC&pg=PA108 | date = 9 March 2012 | publisher = Nicholas Brealey Publishing | isbn = 978-1-85788-991-8 | pages = 108– | quote = ... pocket was still worth twenty shillings, Harold Wilson damned them to be known for ever more as the gnomes of Zurich. ... where Gringotts Bank is run by goblins, the gnomes' uglier cousins, also traditionally cast as the bad guys in fairytales. }}
10. ^{{cite book | author = CMJ Network, Inc. | title = CMJ New Music Report | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aCLLK8t9Ob8C&pg=PA28 | date = 6 September 1999 | publisher = CMJ Network, Inc. | pages = 28– | quote = Unfortunately, Courtney Love, who lived in Minneapolis at the time, got her hooks into Weiland, and it wasn't long before the two of them headed off ... Butch Vig's production turned the band's blunt-instrument thud into an assault weapon blast. ... Tad Hendrickson Year Released: 1989 For Fans Of: Big Black, Drunks With Guns, Killdozer Bio Facts: Breuer went on to form Janitor Joe and Gnomes of Zurich. }}
11. ^{{cite book | author1 = John Kaufeld | author2 = Jeremy Smith | title = Trading Card Games For Dummies | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=o7wzTh3N_soC&pg=PA207 | date = 10 February 2006 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 978-0-470-04407-0 | pages = 207– | quote = You can turn the tables on the whole conspiracy-theory realm when you take over the world in Illuminati: New World Order, ... For instance, the Illuminati sect called The Gnomes of Zurich loves corporations and banking, so they get a bonus for ... }}