| 词条 | Alcott House |
| 释义 |
History and ideologyThe prime mover behind the community was "sacred socialist" and mystic James Pierrepont Greaves, who was influenced by American Transcendentalist Amos Bronson Alcott, and Swiss educational reformer Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Together with his followers, who included Charles Lane – and with the help of wealthy sponsors, Sophia and Georgiana Chichester – he founded Alcott House on Ham Common in Surrey in 1838. The Ham Common Concordium, as it came to be known, consisted of a working mixed cooperative community and a progressive school for children. The community was dedicated to a regime of spiritual development and purification – in the words of Greaves, aiming to produce the "most loveful, intelligent and efficient conditions for divine progress in humanity". To this end the members submitted to an austere regime of early rising, strict vegetarianism (usually raw food), no stimulants, celibacy, and simple living, and experimented with various practices such as astrology, hydrotherapy, mesmerism and phrenology. The men grew their hair and beards long and wore loose fitting clothes, while the women defied convention by not wearing the traditional, restrictive corset. Alcott House school was open to children from both inside and outside the community – the latter usually from radical parents who sympathised with its progressive educational stance. The curriculum emphasised moral education and the development of the child's innate spiritual gifts, teaching practical skills such as gardening and cookery as well as booklearning. Punishment was frowned upon and education aimed to produce "integral men and women", able to live in a truly cooperative society and not simply playing traditional roles. In 1848, the community came to an end and the house was purchased by John Minter Morgan to provide an orphanage,[4] though still run along vegetarian lines. In 1856 the foundation stone was laid of a new building on the site, South Lodge, which exists to this day. The new building has been converted to flats and the grounds have been developed as Bishops Close. See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7051/is_1_14/ai_n28150737/ |title=Latham, J.E.M. Search for a New Eden etc |accessdate=11 February 2010}} (Review of J. E. M. Latham's book at findarticles.com) 2. ^{{cite book |first=Julia |last=Twigg |url=http://www.ivu.org/history/thesis/concordium.html |title=The vegetarian movement in England, 1847–1981: A study in the structure of its ideology |publisher=LSE |work=doctoral thesis |year=1981}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Davis |first=John |title=The Origins of the 'Vegetarians' |publisher=International Vegetarian Union |date=28 July 2011 |url=http://www.ivu.org/history/societies/vegsoc-origins.html}} 4. ^{{cite book |first1=James |last1=Green |first2=Silvia |last2=Greenwood |title=Ham and Petersham As It Was |publisher=Hendon Publishing |year=1980|oclc=16604168|isbn=0860670570}} (number 18)
Further reading
12 : 1838 establishments in England|1848 disestablishments in England|British intentional communities|Defunct schools in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Educational institutions disestablished in 1848|Educational institutions established in 1838|Former houses in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Ham, London|History of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|Utopian communities|Veganism|Vegetarian communities |
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