Aldebaran is the brightest star in the constellation Taurus.

Aldebaran may also refer to:

• Aldebaran Rock, conspicuous nunatak of bright red rock, located near the head of Bertram Glacier, Antarctica
• Aldebaran (rocket), airborne micro launcher
• {{USS|Aldebaran|AF-10}}, a US navy ship
• Aldebaran (comics), a Franco-Belgian science-fiction comic book series by Luiz Eduardo de Oliveira
• Aldebaran Robotics
• Aldebaranium, alternative name for the element Ytterbium
• Aldebaran, a theme by Irish new age musician Enya from her self-titled debut album
• Aldebaran, a city within the game Ragnarok Online
• Aldebaran Robotics, makers of the Nao robot
• Taurus Aldebaran, a character of the Saint Seiya manga/anime
• Aldebaran (film), a 1935 Italian drama film
• Italian ship Aldebaran

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