词条 | Goguryeo language |
释义 |
| name = Goguryeo | nativename = Koguryo | states = Goguryeo | region = Manchuria, Korea | extinct = 7th–10th century? | familycolor = altaic | fam1 = Koreanic | dia1 = Buyeo? | iso3 = zkg | linglist = zkg | map = Three Kingdoms of Korea Map.png | mapcaption = The Three Kingdoms of Korea, with Goguryeo and Buyeo in blue. | glotto = kogu1234 | glottorefname = Koguryo }} The Goguryeo language was a Koreanic language spoken in the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo (37 {{sc|bce}} – 668 {{sc|ce}}), one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.[1][2][3][4][5] The language is also known as Old Koguryo, Koguryoic, and Koguryoan. Historical recordsIt is unknown except for a small number of words, which mostly suggest that it was similar but not identical to the language of Silla. Striking similarities between later Baekje and Goguryeo can also be found, which is consistent with the legends that describe Baekje being founded by the sons of Goguryeo's founder. The Goguryeo names for government posts are mostly similar to those of Baekje and Silla.{{cn|date=July 2017}} In Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, the historical books of Korea's Goryeo period, it is described that the Shilla of the late Three Kingdoms is related to the language of Goguryeo and Baekje. Chinese records suggest that the languages of Goguryeo, Buyeo, Eastern Okjeo, Dongye, Baekje and Silla were similar, while the Tungusic languages of Mohe and Yilou differed significantly.[6][7][8] Origins and classificationMany experts today, including Ki-moon Lee, S. Robert Ramsey, Alexander Vovin, John Whitman and Marshall Unger, believe that Goguryeo language was a member of the Koreanic language family that either spread from southern Manchuria and the Korean peninsula at earlier times or expanded from Goguryeo during the Three Kingdoms of Korea period to Baekje and Silla by Goguryeo migrants.[9][10][11][12] It is argued that the connections of Goguryeo toponyms to Japonic may be due to earlier languages of southern Korea prior to the expansion of Koreanic languages.[13] Words of Goguryeo origin can be found in Middle Korean (early 10th to late 14th century). Christopher I. Beckwith links Buyeo, Goguryeo, and Baekje with Japonic languages.[14] This work was criticized for serious methodological flaws, such as rejecting mainstream reconstruction of Chinese and Japanese and using his own instead.[15] Juha Janhunen argues that it is possible Goguryeo language could have been an Amuric language related to today's Nivkh language isolate. [16][17]See also
ReferencesCitations1. ^{{cite book|last1=Bellwood|first1=Peter|title=The Global Prehistory of Human Migration|date=2013|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|location=Malden|isbn=9781118970591}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Vovin|first1=Alexander|title=From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean|journal=Korean Linguistics|date=2013|volume=15|issue=2|pages=222-240}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Ki-Moon|last2=Ramsey|first2=S. Robert|title=A History of the Korean language|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-66189-8}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Whitman|first1=John|title=Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan|journal=Rice|date=2011|volume=4|issue=3-4|pages=149–158|doi=10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Unger|first1=J. Marshall|title=The role of contact in the origins of the Japanese and Korean languages|date=2009|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-3279-7}} 6. ^Fan Ye, Book of the Later Han, volume 85; the Dongyi Liezhuan 7. ^Wei Shou, Book of Wei, volume 100; the Liezhuan 88, the Wuji 8. ^Li Dashi, History of Northern Dynasties, volume 94; the Liezhuan 82, the Wuji 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Vovin|first1=Alexander|title=From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean|journal=Korean Linguistics|date=2013|volume=15|issue=2|pages=222-240}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Ki-Moon|last2=Ramsey|first2=S. Robert|title=A History of the Korean language|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-66189-8}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last1=Whitman|first1=John|title=Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan|journal=Rice|date=2011|volume=4|issue=3-4|pages=149–158|doi=10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Unger|first1=J. Marshall|title=The role of contact in the origins of the Japanese and Korean languages|date=2009|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-3279-7}} 13. ^Toh Soo Hee, About Early Paekche Language Mistaken as Being Koguryo Language {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226195328/http://www.historyfoundation.or.kr/Data/DataGarden/Journal%2802-2%29%282%29.pdf |date=2009-02-26 }}, Ch'ungnam University 14. ^{{cite journal|last1=Beckwith|first1=Christopher|title=The Ethnolinguistic History of the Early Korean Peninsula Region: Japanese-Koguryic and other Languages in the Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla kingdoms|journal=Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies|date=2005|volume=2-2|pages=33-64}} 15. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pellard|first1=Thomas|title=Koguryo, the Language of Japan's Continental Relatives: An Introduction to the Historical-Comparative Study of the Japanese-Kgouryoic Languages with a Preliminary Description of Archaic Northeastern Middle Chinese (review)|journal=Korean Studies|date=2005|volume=29|pages=167–170|doi=10.1353/ks.2006.0008}} 16. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA109 Pozzi & Janhunen & Weiers 2006], p. 109 17. ^{{cite journal|last1=Janhunen|first1=Juha|title=The Lost Languages of Koguryo|journal=Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies|date=2005|volume=2-2|pages=65-86}} Bibliography
Further reading
8 : Goguryeo|Extinct languages of Asia|History of the Korean language|Languages of Korea|Buyeo languages|Languages of Russia|Languages of China|Unclassified languages of Asia |
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