请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 16:9 aspect ratio
释义

  1. History

  2. Properties

  3. Common resolutions

  4. In Europe

  5. In Oceania

  6. In Asia

  7. In the Americas

  8. In Africa

  9. See also

  10. Notes

  11. References

     Cited  General 

16:9 (1.7{{overline|7}}:1 = 42:32) is an aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9. Since 2010 it has become the most common aspect ratio for televisions and computer monitors, and is also the international standard format of HDTV, Full HD, non-HD digital television and analog widescreen television. This has replaced the old 3 aspect ratio.

History

Dr. Kerns H. Powers, a member of the SMPTE Working Group on High-Definition Electronic Production, first proposed the 16:9 (1.7{{overline|7}}:1) aspect ratio in 1984 [1] when nobody was creating 16:9 videos. The popular choices in 1980 were: 1.3{{overline|3}}:1 (based on television standard's ratio at the time), 1.6{{overline|6}}:1 (the European "flat" ratio), 1.85:1 (the American "flat" ratio), 2.20:1 (the ratio of 70 mm films and Panavision) and 2.35:1 (the CinemaScope ratio for anamorphic widescreen films).

Powers cut out rectangles with equal areas, shaped to match each of the popular aspect ratios. When overlapped with their center points aligned, he found that all of those aspect ratio rectangles fit within an outer rectangle with an aspect ratio of 1.7{{overline|7}}:1 and all of them also covered a smaller common inner rectangle with the same aspect ratio 1.7{{overline|7}}:1.[2] The value found by Powers is exactly the geometric mean of the extreme aspect ratios, 4:3 (1.3{{overline|3}}:1) and 2.35:1 (or 64:27, see also 9 aspect ratio for more information), √{{sfrac|47|15}} ≈ 1.770 which is coincidentally close to 16:9 (1.7{{overline|7}}:1). Applying the same geometric mean technique to 16:9 and 4:3 yields the 9 aspect ratio, which is likewise used as a compromise between these ratios.[3]

While 16:9 (1.7{{overline|7}}:1) was initially selected as a compromise format, the subsequent popularity of HDTV broadcast has solidified 16:9 as perhaps the most important video aspect ratio in use.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} Most 4:3 (1.3{{overline|3}}:1) and 2.39:1 video is now recorded using a "shoot and protect" technique[4] that keeps the main action within a 16:9 (1.7{{overline|7}}:1) inner rectangle to facilitate HD broadcast{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}. Conversely it is quite common to use a technique known as center-cutting, to approach the challenge of presenting material shot (typically 16:9) to both a HD and legacy 4:3 audience simultaneously without having to compromise image size for either audience. Content creators frame critical content or graphics to fit within the 1.33 raster space.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} This has similarities to a filming technique called Open matte.

After the original 16:9 Action Plan of the early 1990s, the European Union has instituted the 16:9 Action Plan,[5] just to accelerate the development of the advanced television services in 16:9 aspect ratio, both in PAL and also in HDTV. The Community fund for the 16:9 Action Plan amounted to €228 million.

In 2008 the computer industry started switching to 16:9 from 4:3 and 16:10 as the standard aspect ratio for monitors and laptops. A 2008 report by DisplaySearch cited a number of reasons for this shift, including the ability for PC and monitor manufacturers to expand their product ranges by offering products with wider screens and higher resolutions, helping consumers to more easily adopt such products and "stimulating the growth of the notebook PC and LCD monitor market".[6]

In 2011 Bennie Budler, product manager of IT products at Samsung South Africa, confirmed that monitors capable of 1920×1200 resolutions aren't being manufactured anymore. "It is all about reducing manufacturing costs. The new 16:9 aspect ratio panels are more cost-effective to manufacture locally than the previous 16:10 panels".[7] Since computer displays are advertised by their diagonal measure, for monitors with the same display area, a wide screen monitor will have a larger diagonal measure, thus sounding more impressive. Within limits, the amount of information that can be displayed, and the cost of the monitor depend more on area than on diagonal measure.

In March 2011 the 16:9 resolution 1920×1080 became the most common used resolution among Steam's users. The earlier most common resolution was 1680×1050 (16:10).[8]

Properties

16:9 is the only widescreen aspect ratio natively supported by the DVD format. Anamorphic DVD transfers store the information as 5:4 (PAL) or 3:2 (NTSC) square pixels, which is set to expand to either 16:9 or 4:3, which the television or video player handles.

For example, a PAL DVD with a full frame image may contain a video resolution of 720×576 (5:4 ratio), but a video player software will stretch this to 1024×576 square pixels with a 16:9 flag in order to recreate the correct aspect ratio.

DVD producers can also choose to show even wider ratios such as 1.85:1 and 2.39:1[9] within the 16:9 DVD frame by hard matting or adding black bars within the image itself. Some films which were made in a 1.85:1 aspect ratio, such as the U.S.-Italian co-production Man of La Mancha and Kenneth Branagh's Much Ado About Nothing, fit quite comfortably onto a 1.7{{overline |7}}:1 HDTV screen and have been issued as an enhanced version on DVD without the black bars. Many digital video cameras have the capability to record in 16:9.

Super 16 mm film is frequently used for television production due to its lower cost, lack of need for soundtrack space on the film itself, and aspect ratio similar to 16:9.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

Common resolutions

Common resolutions for 16:9 are listed in the table below:

Width Height Standard
256 144 YouTube 144p
426 240
640 360 nHD
768 432
800 450
848 480
896 504
960 540 qHD
1024 576
1152 648
1280 720 HD
1366 768 WXGA
1600 900 HD+
1920 1080 Full HD
2000 1125
2048 1152
2304 1296
2560 1440 QHD
2880 1620
3200 1800 QHD+
3520 1980
3840 2160 4K UHD
4096 2304 Full 4K UHD
4480 2520
5120 2880 5K UHD
5760 3240
6400 3600
7040 3960
7680 4320 8K UHD
15360 8640 16K

In Europe

In Europe, 16:9 is the standard broadcast format for most TV channels and all HDTV broadcasts. Some countries adopted the format for analog television, first by using the PALplus standard (now obsolete) and then by simply using WSS signals on normal PAL broadcasts.

Country Channel
Albania}} All channels.
Andorra}} Andorra Televisió.
Armenia}} All channels.
Austria}} All channels.
Azerbaijan}} All channels (except Lider TV).
Belarus}} All channels (except VTV, BelMuzTV, TV-3 Belarus).
Belgium}} All channels.
Bosnia and Herzegovina}} All channels.
Bulgaria}} All channels.
Cyprus}} All channels.
Croatia}} HRT 1**, 2**, 3**, 4**, 5, RTL Televizija*, RTL 2*, Nova TV*, Doma TV*, RTL Kockica* Sportska Televizija**.
Older programmes filmed in 4:3 are:
*cropped
**transmitted in their original format.
Czech Republic}} All channels.
Denmark}} All channels.
Estonia}} All channels.
Finland}} All channels.
France}} All channels on digital terrestrial television
Most subscription-based networks
Germany}} All channels.
Georgia}} All channels (except Rustavi 2, Ertsulovneba, Mall TV, Marneuli, Gurjaani).
Greece}} All channels.
Hungary}} All channels.
Iceland}} All three national stations broadcast in 16:9 with occasional 4:3 programmes. Local stations still use 4:3.
Ireland}} All channels.
Italy}} All channels (expect TGS, Tele One and Video 66).
Kazakhstan}} All channels (except 7 channel, STV).
Latvia}} All channels.
Lithuania}} All channels.
Luxembourg}} RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg, Luxe.tv.
Malta}} All nationwide channels.
Moldova}} TRM (Moldova 1, Moldova 2), GMG Group (Prime, Canal 2, Canal 3, Publika TV), ProTV Chishinau, N4, Jurnal TV, TV8, NTV-Moldova.
Monaco}} Télé Monte Carlo & Monaco Info.
Montenegro}} All channels.
Netherlands}} All channels.
North Macedonia}} All channels.
Norway}} 16:9 is the national standard for television – almost all channels conform to this format.
Poland}} All channels.
Portugal}} All channels.
Romania}} Always on 16:9: Antena channels (Antena 1, Antena Stars, Antena 3, Happy, ZU TV, Antena Internațional), RCS & RDS channels (including Digi 24, U TV, Music Channel), Kiss TV, B1 TV, Telekom Sport, Look TV, Look Plus,Turner channels:(Cartoon Network, Boomerang
Often on 16:9: TVR channels (TVR 1, TVR 2, TVR 3, TVRi), PRO channels (Pro TV, Pro 2, Pro X, Pro Cinema, Pro Gold, Pro TV Internaţional), Kanal D
Always on 4:3: Realitatea TV, România TV
Always on 4:3 with 16:9 stretched: CNM channels (Naţional TV, Național 24 Plus, Favorit TV), TVR regional channels (TVR Cluj, TVR Craiova, TVR Iași, TVR Tîrgu-Mureș, TVR Timișoara), Prima TV.
Russia}} All channels (except Spas, some channels from VGTRK (Russian Bestseller, Russian Detective, Cinema, Sarafan, My Planete, Live Planet, History, Mama, Mult, Ani), some channels from CTC Media (Che and CTC Love), some channels from Gazprom-Media (TNT4 and 2x2), some channels from UTH Russia (U and Disney Channel)).
San Marino}} San Marino RTV.
Serbia}} All channels.
Slovakia}} All nationwide channels.
Slovenia}} All channels.
Spain}} All channels.
Sweden}} All channels.
Switzerland}} All channels.
Turkey}} All channels.
Ukraine}} All nationwide channels (except PBC regional television network (UA:Ternopil, UA:Poltava, UA:Chernihiv, UA:Sumy, UA:Kharkiv), Eskulap TV, OTV, KRT, First Kiev, All News, Vintage TV, Rada TV, ChePe.Info, Glas, EWTN, Novyi Hristianskiy, Boutique TV).
United Kingdom}} All terrestrial channels.

In Oceania

Country Channel
Australia}} All major free to air channels and almost all pay TV channels (including SD). Older 4:3 programmes are either shown in their original format or zoomed to 14:9 or 16:9.
Fiji}} All channels.
New Zealand}} All channels.

In Asia

Japan's Hi-Vision originally started with a 5:3 ratio but converted when the international standards group introduced a wider ratio of 5{{1/3}} to 3 (=16:9).

Country Channel
Afghanistan}} All channels.
Bangladesh}} SA TV.
Cambodia}} All channels.
China}} CCTV channels 1-15, CCTV-5+, CCTV News. Older contents in 4:3 and news contents are stretched on SD variants of these channels as stretching on SD channels is common.
Hong Kong}} All major channels since digital television broadcasting started in 2007.
India}} All channels.
Indonesia}} 16:9 native*: Kompas TV, BeritaSatu TV**, CNN Indonesia**, MetroTV, Trans7, Trans TV, CNBC Indonesia**, NET.16:9 with inner 4:3***: RCTI, SCTV, Indosiar4:3, upscaled/stretched to 16:9****: TVRI, MNCTV, antv, GTV, tvOne, iNews, rtv*Channels that are primarily broadcast in 16:9 sometimes are filled by 4:3 content which are either stretched or pillarboxed.**Only on digital cable/satellite***Channels in this category broadcast in 16:9 HDTV along with inner 4:3 SDTV. Due to their visibility, some contents are either pillarboxed and windowboxed (especially in commercial ads and live sport games). Contents wider than 16:9 are usually letterboxed. They're usually stretched in SDTV mode. HD versions are limited to pay-TV services.****These channels are still using 4:3 configuration. Stretched when broadcasting in 16:9 format. Some channels have limited original 16:9 video contents.Note: Nationwide TV channels listed above are classified according to their original configuration, sorted chronologically according to TV configuration update. Configuration for exclusively digital and local channels are may vary. Local version of nationwide channels may be different to their national version.
Iran}} All channels.
Israel}} All main channels, including but not limited to Hot&Yes.
Japan}} Japan pioneered in its analogue HDTV system (MUSE) in 16:9 format, started in the 1980s. Currently all main channels have digital terrestrial television channels in 16:9 while being simulcast in analogue 4:3 format. Many satellite broadcast channels are being broadcast in 16:9 as well.
Jordan}} All channels.
Kyrgyzstan}} All channels.
Lebanon}} LBCI.4:3 Shows are stretched

National Broadcasting Network (Lebanon). Its in HD and has no 4:3 content

Future Television.

Malaysia}} All channels.
Mongolia}} MNB & MN2, TM Television, TV5, TV6, TV8, Channel 25, Эx Орон, SBN, ETV, MNC, Eagle News TV, Edutainment TV, Star TV, SPS, Sportbox and SHUUD TV.
Myanmar}} All channels.
Nepal}} Kantipur Television NetworkAP1 TVNews 24 (Nepal)TV Filmy
Oman}} All channels.
Pakistan}} All channels.
Philippines}} 16:9 native*: PTV, ABS-CBN HD***, S&A ***, ANC (both SD and HD)***, CNN Philippines, One News***, Hope Channel Philippines, 3ABN, Hope International, INCTV, Net 254:3 upscaled/stretched to 16:9**: ETC, 2nd Avenue, all BEAM's subchannels, Light Network, UNTV, Ang Dating Daan TV, SMNI, all ABS-CBN terrestrial channels (including TVPlus channels), TV5, AksyonTV, GMA 7*channels that are squeezed/letterboxed to 4:3 on analog terrestrial transmissions nor no letterbox on widescreen-produced programs.**channels that are originally broadcasting in 4:3 on analog terrestrial, but upscaled or stretched to 16:9 for digital terrestrial television, cable and satellite.***16:9 versions available on pay-TV services only.
Qatar}} All Al Jazeera Sports channels, Al Jazeera, Al Jazeera English, Qatar TV HD, all Alkass channels.
Saudi Arabia}} All channels.
Singapore}} All MediaCorp channels, however 16:9 contents look squashed on older 4:3 sets. Also, all 4:3 contents including news clips are stretched as stretching is common.
South Korea}} All major channels currently feature 16:9 aspect ratio.
Sri Lanka}} Colombo TV.
Syria}} All channels.
Taiwan}} TTV HD, CTV HD, CTS HD, FTV HD, PTS HD, TVBS.
Thailand}} All channels.
United Arab Emirates}} All channels.
Vietnam}} All of VTC HD's channels, VTV channels, HTV channels and K+'s channels (selected programmes), some local channels.

In the Americas

Country Channel
Argentina}} All channels.
Barbados}} All channels.
Bolivia}} Always on 16:9: PAT, ATB.
Often on 16:9: Bolivia TV.
Brazil}}Almost all channels.
Canada}} Almost all channels.
Chile}} Canal 13HD, Chilevisión HD, TVN HD, MEGA HD.
Colombia}} All channels, except Citytv
Costa Rica}} All channels.
Dominican Republic}} All channels.
Ecuador}} All channels.
Jamaica}} All channels.
Mexico}} Free-to-air television: Las Estrellas, FOROtv, Canal 5, Gala TV, Televisa Regional, Azteca Uno, Azteca 7, a+, adn40, Imagen Televisión, Excélsior TV, Canal Once, Canal 22, Una Voz con Todos, Teveunam, Milenio Televisión, Multimedios Televisión, Teleritmo, and some local stations broadcast HD signal.

Pay television: U, Golden, Golden Edge, TL Novelas, Bandamax, De Película, De Película Clásico, Ritmoson Latino, TDN, TeleHit, Distrito Comedia, Tiin, Az Noticias, Az Clic!, Az Mundo, Az Corazón, Az Cinema, 52MX, TVC, TVC Deportes, Pánico, Cinema Platino, Cine Mexicano.

Panama}} All channels.
Paraguay}} All channels.
Peru}} All channels.
United States}} Almost all channels on free-to-air television (especially HD Feeds). SD feeds (usually found on pay television) are usually letterboxed and downscaled to 4:3.
Uruguay}} All channels.
Venezuela}} All channels.

In Africa

{{Expand section|date=August 2015}}
Country Channel
Algeria}}Algérie 3|Echourouk TV}}
Angola}} All channels.
Botswana}} All channels.
Burkina Faso}} All channels.
Cameroon}} All channels.
Cape Verde}} All channels.
Comoros}} All channels.
Congo}} All channels.
Djibouti}} All channels.
Egypt}} ERTU Channel 1, ON E, ON Drama, ON Sport, ON Sport 2, DMC, DMC Drama, CBC, CBC Drama, CBC Sofra, Extra News, Al Nahar One, Al Nahar Drama, Al Nahar Sport, TeN, Al Hayah, Al Hayah 2, Al Hayah Musalsalat.
Equatorial Guinea}} All channels.
Eritrea}} All channels.
Ethiopia}} All channels.
Gabon}} All channels.
Ghana}} All channels.
Ivory Coast}} All channels.
Kenya}} All channels.
Lesotho}} All channels.
Liberia}} All channels.
Libya}} Libya 24.
Madagascar}} All channels.
Malawi}} All channels.
Mali}} All channels.
Morocco}} Al Aoula.
Mozambique}} All channels.
Mauritius}} All channels.
Namibia}} All channels.
Nigeria}} All channels.
Rwanda}} All channels.
Senegal}} All channels.
Somalia}} All channels.
South Africa}} 16:9 is the standard broadcast format for most digital channels and all HDTV broadcasts all main channels.
Sudan}} All channels.
Togo}} All channels.
Tunisia}} All channels.
Uganda}} All channels.
Zimbabwe}} All channels.

See also

  • Display aspect ratio
  • High-definition television
  • Display resolution
  • 1080p / 1080i
  • 24p
  • 4:3
  • 9
  • 10
  • 21:9

Notes

1. ^{{cite |url=http://www.sportsvideo.org/new/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Searching-for-the-Perfect-Aspect-Ratio.pdf |title=Searching for the Perfect Aspect Ratio}}
2. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.cinemasource.com/articles/aspect_ratios.pdf#page=8 |format=Technical bulletin |title=Understanding Aspect Ratios |publisher=The CinemaSource Press |year=2001 |accessdate=2009-10-24}}
3. ^{{cite patent |title=Method of showing 16:9 pictures on 4:3 displays |country=US |number=5956091 |gdate=1999-09-21}}
4. ^{{cite journal |journal=EBU |location=CH |url=http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_280-baker.pdf |title=Safe areas for widescreen transmission |first=I |last=Baker |publisher=BBC |date=1999-08-25 |accessdate=2009-10-27 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011055023/http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_280-baker.pdf |archive-date=2010-10-11 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web |format=legislation summary |url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/other/l24103c_en.htm |title=Television in the 16:9 screen format |publisher=Europa |location=EU |accessdate=2011-09-08}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.displaysearch.com/cps/rde/xchg/SID-0A424DE8-28DF6E59/displaysearch/hs.xsl/070108_16by9_PR.asp |title=Product Planners and Marketers Must Act Before 16:9 Panels Replace Mainstream 16:10 Notebook PC and Monitor LCD Panels, New DisplaySearch Topical Report Advises |publisher=DisplaySearch |date=2008-07-01 |accessdate=2011-09-08}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/hardware/17621-Widescreen-monitors-Where-did-1920x1200.html |title=Widescreen monitors: Where did 1920×1200 go? « Hardware « MyBroadband Tech and IT News |publisher=Mybroadband.co.za |date=2011-01-10 |accessdate=2011-09-08 }}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://store.steampowered.com/hwsurvey |title=Steam Hardware & Software Survey |publisher=Steam |accessdate=2011-09-08 }}
9. ^The 2.39:1 ratio is commonly labeled 2.40:1, e.g., in the American Society of Cinematographers' American Cinematographer Manual, and is mistakenly referred to as 2.35:1 (only cinema films before the 1970 SMPTE revision used 2.35:1).

References

{{commons category|16:9}}

Cited

{{Reflist}}

General

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.necdisplay.com/support/css/monitortechguide/index05.htm |publisher=NEC |title=NEC Monitor Technology Guide |accessdate=2006-07-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060521000427/http://www.necdisplay.com/support/css/monitortechguide/index05.htm |archivedate=2006-05-21}}
{{Refend}}

3 : Picture aspect ratios|High-definition television|Ultra-high-definition television
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/12 15:42:21