| 词条 | Alexander McClure |
| 释义 |
| name = Alexander Kelly McClure | image name = File:Alexander Kelly McClure.jpg | title = Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives | term = 1858–1859, 1865-1866 | predecessor = | successor = | office2 = Member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 18th district | term2 = 1861-1862 | predecessor2 = George W. Brewer | successor2 = George Hough Bucher | office3 = Member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 4th district | term3 = 1873-1874 | predecessor3 = Henry Wolf Gray | successor3 = Horatio Gates Jones | birth_date = {{birth date|1828|1|09}} | birth_place = Sherman's Valley, Pennsylvania | death_date = {{death date and age|1909|06|06|1828|1|09}} | death_place = Wallingford, Pennsylvania | resting_place= Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | nationality = American | party = Republican | otherparty = Whig (before 1856)[1] | alma_mater = | profession = }} Alexander Kelly McClure (January 9, 1828 – June 6, 1909) was an American politician, newspaper editor and writer from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1858 to 1859, the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 18th district in 1861, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1865 to 1866 and the Pennsylvania Senate, 4th district from 1873 to 1874. He was a prominent supporter, correspondent and biographer of President Abraham Lincoln.[1] He was the editor of the Franklin Repository newspaper in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania and of the Philadelphia Times. The borough of McClure, Pennsylvania and the Alexander K. McClure School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania are named in his honor. Early life and educationMcClure was born on January 9, 1828 in Sherman's Valley,Perry County, Pennsylvania to Alexander and Isabella Anderson McClure. He grew up on a farm and received little formal education. At the age of fourteen, he traveled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and apprenticed as a tanner. He traveled west as far as Iowa but returned to Pennsylvania after failing in the tannery business. He worked as a printer at the Perry County Freeman and the Juniata Sentinel in Mifflintown, Pennsylvania.[2] He became editor and publisher of the Sentinel in 1846, and became known for his Whig political views. McClure was appointed to the staff of the first Whig governor of Pennsylvania, William F. Johnston, with the honorary rank of colonel. In 1850, Millard Fillmore appointed McClure deputy United States Marshal for Juniata County. He moved to Chambersburg in 1852 and purchased the Franklin Repository newspaper. He studied law and was admitted to the Franklin County, Pennsylvania bar in 1856.[1] CareerMcClure became active in the newly formed Republican Party and was an outspoken abolitionist.[5] In 1857, he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and re-elected in 1858 and 1859.[3] At the 1860 Republican National Convention McClure became a well-known political figure, opposing fellow Pennsylvanian Simon Cameron's bid for the Republican nomination for the presidency. McClure and Andrew G. Curtin helped swing the state's vote away from Cameron and William Seward to Abraham Lincoln. After Lincoln's election, McClure became chairman of the Republican state committee and helped to elect Curtin governor of Pennsylvania. He served in the Pennsylvania Senate for the 18th district in 1861 and for the 4th district in 1873.[4] When the Civil War began, McClure rallied support for the war as Chairman of the Senate Committee of Military Affairs. He assisted Governor Curtin in planning a meeting of fourteen Northern state governors known as the "Loyal War Governors of the North", in Altoona, Pennsylvania in order to secure their continued support of the war.[8] McClure was commissioned by President Lincoln as an assistant adjutant general with the rank of major on September 6, 1862. He was tasked with raising seventeen Pennsylvania regiments for induction into the U.S. Army[4] and served until he resigned his commission on February 27, 1863. During the U.S. Civil War, Confederate forces threatened McClure's home in Chambersburg several times. McClure was captured but released when General J.E.B. Stuart entered Chambersburg on his raid around McClellan's army in October 1862. The following July, Confederates under then Colonel Eppa Hunton crossed the Potomac River and destroyed railroad property in Chambersburg en route to the Battle of Gettysburg, but noted McClure's hospitality.[5] Days before the battle of Gettysburg, Confederate General Albert Jenkins was a guest at McClure's house.[6] McClure personally met with Robert E. Lee during the second occupancy of Chambersburg by the Confederate army.[8] In 1864, during the Confederacy's third occupation of Chambersburg, when the town was unable to pay ransom demanded by General Jubal Early, Confederates burned McClure's home, Norland along with much of the rest of the town,[7] The home was rebuilt and sold to Wilson College. The building that housed the Franklin Repository newspaper operations was also destroyed in the blaze.[8] In 1864, McClure moved to Philadelphia, opened a law office[9] and helped Lincoln carry Pennsylvania again in the general election. In 1865, McClure was elected again to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives as a Union Party member.[3] After the war, McClure traveled extensively in the Western United States to recoup personal wealth lost during the war. He became an investor and officer of the Philadelphia-based Montana Gold and Silver Mining Company and was superintendent of one of the company's mills at the Oro Cache vein in the Montana Territory. He also collaborated with former Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin as an incorporator of the McClure-Curtin Oil Company in Venango County, Pennsylvania.[4] He returned to Philadelphia in 1868 after supporting Ulysses S. Grant at the Republican National Convention. By the time of Grant's reelection bid, McClure had left the Republican Party and threw his support to Horace Greeley and the Liberal Republican Party. In 1867, McClure published "Three Thousand Miles Through the Rocky Mountains" and it became a resource by many interested in traveling in the West.[10] In 1873, McClure was elected to the Pennsylvania Senate for the 4th district. In 1874, he ran for mayor of Philadelphia but lost by only 900 votes. McClure returned to newspaper editing by founding the Philadelphia Times in 1875. He continued as The Philadelphia Times editor until 1901, when he sold the newspaper to Adolph Ochs. He lost much of his fortune in the stock market but was able to obtain an appointment as a law clerk of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.[10] He also worked to heal sectional divisions between Union and former Confederate forces, including participating at the unveiling of the monument to Confederate General George Pickett at the Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia.[11] In 1886 McClure wrote The South: Its Industrial, Financial, and Political Condition, which included material on race relations in the South. McClure recognized that integration was necessary. Personal lifeMcClure married Cora M. Gratz in 1879 after his first wife's apparent death.[4] Together they had at least one son.[10] Death and legacyMcClure died on June 6, 1909 in Wallingford, Pennsylvania and was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.[12] The town of McClure, Pennsylvania[13] and the Alexander K. McClure School in Philadelphia are named in his honor. Works by Alexander McClure
References1. ^Valley of the Shadow">The'>Valley of the Shadow, accessed June 10, 2008 2. ^{{cite book |last1=McClure |first1=James Alexander |title=The McClure Family |date=1914 |publisher=Presses of Frank A. Owen |location=Petersburg, Virginia |page=177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Co3AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=alexander+kelly+mcclure&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjM9NCFjrDgAhVHtlkKHUIyBo84FBDoAQhTMAg#v=snippet&q=john%20j.%20mcclure%20chester&f=false |accessdate=10 February 2019}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |title=Pennsylvania House of Representatives - ALEXANDER KELLY McCLURE Biography |url=https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/BiosHistory/MemBio.cfm?ID=7768&body=H |website=www.legis.state.pa.us |accessdate=9 February 2019}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title=Pennsylvania State Senate - Alexander Kelly McClure Biography |url=https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/BiosHistory/MemBio.cfm?ID=5159&body=S |website=www.legis.state.pa.us |accessdate=8 February 2019}} 5. ^Eppa Hunton, Autobiography pp. 87-89 6. ^1 {{cite web |title=Alexander K. McClure |url=http://explorepahistory.com/displayimage.php?imgId=1-2-821 |website=www.explorepahistory.com |accessdate=10 February 2019}} 7. ^Norland Hall {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112350/http://www.wilson.edu/wilson/asp/tour.asp?id=625&fragment=0&SearchType=and&terms=McClure |date=2011-07-16 }}, Wilson College, accessed June 10, 2008 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Waterloo |first1=Stanley |title=Famous American Men and Women |date=1896 |publisher=Wabash Publishing House |location=Chicago, Illinois |page=318 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4-E-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA318&dq=alexander+kelly+mcclure&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjM9NCFjrDgAhVHtlkKHUIyBo84FBDoAQgxMAI#v=onepage&q=alexander%20kelly%20mcclure&f=false |accessdate=10 February 2019}} 9. ^{{cite web |last1=Osborne |first1=John |title=Alexander Kelly McClure |url=http://deila.dickinson.edu/theirownwords/author/McClureA.htm |website=www.deila.dickinson.edu |accessdate=10 February 2019}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |last1=Laabs |first1=Damon M. |title=Alexander Kelly McClure |url=https://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/literary-cultural-heritage-map-pa/bios/McClure__Alexander_Kelly |website=www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu |accessdate=9 February 2019}} 11. ^Eppa Hunton, Autobiography p.88 12. ^{{cite web |title=Maj Alexander Kelly McClure |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28977126 |website=www.findagrave.com |accessdate=8 February 2019}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=McClure, Pennsylvania |url=http://mcclure1867.wixsite.com/mcclure1867 |website=www.mcclure1867.wixsite.com |accessdate=9 February 2019}} External links
16 : 1828 births|1909 deaths|19th-century American newspaper editors|19th-century American politicians|American abolitionists|Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)|Editors of Pennsylvania newspapers|Pennsylvania lawyers|Pennsylvania Liberal Republicans|Pennsylvania Republicans|Pennsylvania state senators|Pennsylvania Whigs|People from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania|People from Perry County, Pennsylvania|People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War|United States Marshals |
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