| 词条 | Alfons Mumm von Schwarzenstein |
| 释义 |
Philipp Alfons Freiherr Mumm von Schwarzenstein (19 March 1859 – 10 July 1924) (also known as Alfons von Mumm) was a diplomat of the German Empire. He succeeded the murdered Baron Clemens von Ketteler as ambassador in Beijing in 1900. Mumm studied law at Göttingen University and entered the diplomatic service afterwards. He served in London (1885), Washington D.C. (1888), Bucarest (1892–93), Rome (1893–94), Luxembourgh (1898) and again in Washington (1899). During his years in China, he dealt with the Boxer Rebellion and signed The Boxer Protocol on September 7, 1901 on behalf of Germany, maintained an extraordinarily good relation with Empress Dowager Cixi, but also he took many pictures of China in the 1900s as an amateur photographer. From 1909-11, he was ambassador of the German Reich in Japan. He retired in 1911, but was reactivated 1914 in Berlin. In March through November 1918, he represented the German Reich in Kiev.[1][2] Works
Further reading
References1. ^All-Ukrainian Union of Zemstvos at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine {{Commons category|Alfons Mumm von Schwarzenstein}}{{s-start}}{{S-dip}}{{S-bef|before=Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck}}{{S-ttl|title=German Ambassador to Luxembourg|years= 1898{{ndash}}1899}}{{s-aft|after=Heinrich von Tschirschky}}{{S-bef|before= Clemens von Ketteler}}{{S-ttl|title=German Minister to China|years= 1900{{ndash}}1905}}{{s-aft|after=Arthur von Rex}}{{S-bef|before=Friedrich Carl von Erckert}}{{S-ttl|title=German Ambassador to Japan|years= 1906{{ndash}}1911}}{{s-aft|after=Arthur von Rex}}{{S-bef|before= post created }}{{S-ttl|title=German Ambassador to Ukraine|years= 1918 }}{{s-aft|after= Johannes Graf von Berchem}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mumm von Schwarzenstein, Alfons}}2. ^Kulynych, I.M., Kryvets, N.V. Mumm von Schwartzenstein (МУММ ФОН ШВАРЦЕНШТАЙН). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. "Naukova Dumka". Kiev, 2010 8 : Ambassadors of Germany to China|Ambassadors of Germany to Japan|Ambassadors of Germany to Ukraine|German people of the Boxer Rebellion|Barons of Germany|German photographers|1859 births|1924 deaths |
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