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词条 Alfredo Beltrán Leyva
释义

  1. Early life and career

  2. Arrest and imprisonment

  3. Kingpin Act sanction

  4. Extradition

  5. Trial and conviction

  6. See also

  7. References

{{Infobox criminal
|name = Alfredo Beltrán Leyva
|image_name = Alfredo BELTRAN LEYVA.jpg
|image_caption = Alfredo Beltrán Leyva
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|1|21}}
|birth_place = La Palma, Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico
|death_date =
|death_place =
|alias = "El Mochomo"
|conviction =
|conviction_penalty =
|conviction_status = Life in prison
|occupation = Drug lord
|employer = Beltrán-Leyva Cartel
|spouse =
|parents =
|children =
}}{{Spanish name|Beltrán|Leyva}}

Alfredo Beltrán Leyva (born January 21, 1971), commonly referred to by his alias El Mochomo (The Desert Ant), is a convicted Mexican drug lord and former leader of the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He was one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords. Beltrán Leyva was responsible for smuggling multi-ton shipments of cocaine and methamphetamine to the United States from Mexico and South America between the 1990s and 2000s. He worked alongside his brothers Héctor, Carlos, and Arturo.

On January 2008, Beltrán Leyva was arrested by the Mexican Army in Culiacán, Sinaloa, and imprisoned at the Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1, Mexico's maximum-security prison. He was extradited to the U.S. in November 2014 for drug trafficking charges. On April 2017, he was sentenced to life in prison and ordered to forfeit US$529 million to the U.S. government.

Early life and career

Alfredo Beltrán Leyva was born in La Palma, Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico on January 21, 1971. According to the United States Department of the Treasury, he has an alternative date of birth, February 15, 1951.[1] He was nicknamed "El Mochomo" (English: The Desert Ant).[2] He formed the Beltrán Leyva Cartel along with his brothers Héctor, Carlos and Arturo.[3] Alfredo and his brothers worked closely with Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán Loera, the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel.[4]

The Beltrán Leyva brothers trafficked narcotics to the U.S. since the 1990s with the help of the Sinaloa Cartel. In its heyday, the Beltrán Leyva Cartel dominated drug trafficking operations in western Mexico.[5] Alfredo was responsible for managing multi-ton shipments of cocaine and methamphetamine from South America and Mexico to the U.S. from the 1990s to 2014, the year he was indicted. He obtained his cocaine supplies from South American groups and transported them to Mexico by air, land, and/or water. Once the drugs were in Mexico, the Beltrán Leyva Cartel distributed them to strategic points in Mexico before they reached the U.S. His criminal group often used violent means, including murders, kidnappings, and tortures, to continue their drug trafficking operations.[6]

In 2008, the Beltrán Leyva Cartel broke away from the Sinaloa Cartel. After Alfredo was arrested, the Beltrán Leyva brothers blamed "El Chapo" and retaliated by forming their own criminal group. The brothers retaliated by ordering the murder of Sinaloa Cartel chief's sons later that year. This sparked a war between the Sinaloa Cartel and the Beltrán Leyva Cartel, which allied itself with Los Zetas.[3][7]

Arrest and imprisonment

Beltrán Leyva was arrested by the Mexican Army in Culiacán, Sinaloa, with three members of his security circle on January 21, 2008, with two suitcases filled with $900,000 in cash and luxury watches.[8][9] At the scene, the police discovered 20 fragmentation grenades, rifles, automatic weapons, and 40 bullet-resistant vest, eight which had a FEDA, the acronym of "Arturo's Special Forces" (Spanish: Fuerzas Especiales de Arturo). Authorities also found an unspecified amount of cash in one of his homes.[10][11] He was then flown to Mexico City and imprisoned at the Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1 (also known as "Altiplano"), Mexico's maximum-security prison.[12]

Édgar Eusebio Millán Gómez, top commander of Mexico's national federal police and spokesman for the arrest, was murdered five months later. Mexican investigators believed that he was killed in retaliation for the capture of Alfredo.[13][14]

On October 14, 2014, a federal court rejected Alfredo's writ of amparo (effectively equivalent to an injunction) preventing his extradition to the United States. The court rejected it under the rationale that it believed that the former drug lord met all the legal requirements for his extradition.[15]

Kingpin Act sanction

On December 3, 2009, the United States Department of the Treasury sanctioned Alfredo under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (sometimes referred to simply as the "Kingpin Act"), for his involvement in drug trafficking along with twenty-one other international criminals and ten foreign entities.[16] The act prohibited U.S. citizens and companies from doing any kind of business activity with him, and virtually froze all his assets in the U.S.[17]

Extradition

On November 15, 2014, Alfredo was extradited to the United States. He was appointed to make his court appearance in Washington D.C. in a session direct by U.S. judge Alan Kay for his pending drug trafficking offenses.[18] On November 17 through his lawyer, he pleaded not guilty for conspiracy to import large shipments of cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine from Mexico to the U.S.[19][20]

Trial and conviction

Alfredo's trial was scheduled to begin on February 8, 2016. He was represented by prominent criminal defense attorney Angel Eduardo Balarezo of Washington, D.C.[21] On February 23, Alfredo pleaded guilty before U.S. District Judge Richard J. Leon of the District of Columbia to participating in international drug trafficking operations.[22] On June 28, the prosecution issued a preliminary forfeit order and requested Alfredo to pay up to $US10 billion, which the government estimated he had generated through his drug trafficking schemes.[23]

He was sentenced to life in prison on April 5, 2017, and ordered to forfeit US$529 million.[6] The amount was based on the proceeds he made for shipping at least 27.9 tons of narcotics between 2000 and 2012. Alfredo's defense asked the judge to reduce his sentence to 25 years because their client had accepted his role in providing assistance to his brother Arturo to sell cocaine in Culiacán knowing that the drugs would end up in the U.S. Alfredo denied being involved in drug shipments to the U.S. and told the plaintiff that his brother was the true leader of Beltrán Leyva Cartel.[24] The judge denied the defense's request because he stated that Alfredo did not accept full responsibility of his actions.[25][26]

See also

{{Portal|Mexico|Biography|Criminal justice}}
  • Mexican Drug War
  • Mérida Initiative
{{clear}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Beltran Leyva Organization Tier II Designations |url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Documents/press%20chart.pdf |publisher=United States Department of the Treasury |accessdate=11 November 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5KiksOG?url=http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/beltran_leyva_2009.pdf |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=yes }}
2. ^{{cite news|last=Castillo |first=E. Eduardo |title=Key lieutenant to boss of drug cartel caught |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2004137670_mexdrug22.html |accessdate=11 November 2012 |newspaper=The Seattle Times |date=22 January 2008 |agency=Associated Press |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5Kqi9Xv?url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2004137670_mexdrug22.html |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
3. ^1 {{Cite news|title=Mexico captures drug lord Carlos Beltran Leyva |work=Latin American Herald Tribune |date=3 January 2010 |url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=349719&CategoryId=10718 |location=Mexico City |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5KE8Zjq?url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=349719&CategoryId=10718 |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=no }}
4. ^{{cite news|last=Grillo |first=Ioan |title=Meet the drug lords |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/mexico/090404/meet-the-drug-lords?page=0,1 |accessdate=11 November 2012 |newspaper=GlobalPost |date=7 April 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5LF77ON?url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/mexico/090404/meet-the-drug-lords?page=0%2C1 |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Mexican drug lord Beltran Leyva sentenced to life in U.S. prison|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-mexico-cartel-idUSKBN17800D|publisher=Reuters|date=April 5, 2017}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Alfredo Beltran Leyva Sentenced to Life in Prison for Leading an International Drug Trafficking Conspiracy|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/alfredo-beltran-leyva-sentenced-life-prison-leading-international-drug-trafficking-conspiracy|publisher=United States Department of Justice|date=April 5, 2017}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/174435.html |title=Héctor Beltrán asume el mando del cártel: PF |last=De la Luz González |first=María |date=4 January 2010 |language=Spanish |accessdate=11 November 2012 |newspaper=El Universal |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5LMBhm4?url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/174435.html |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Top cocaine smuggler nabbed, Mexico says |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/01/21/mexico.drugarrest/index.html |accessdate=11 November 2012 |newspaper=CNN |date=21 January 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5LUo7dK?url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/01/21/mexico.drugarrest/index.html |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=no |location=Mexico City |df= }}
9. ^{{cite news|last=Iliff|first=Laurence|title=Mexican soldiers capture top player in drug cartel|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/world/mexico/stories/DN-mexico_22int.ART.State.Edition1.37719d7.html|accessdate=11 November 2012|newspaper=The Dallas Morning News|date=22 January 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531064203/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/world/mexico/stories/DN-mexico_22int.ART.State.Edition1.37719d7.html|archivedate=31 May 2009}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Mexico raids net alleged drug cartel figures |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22785423/#.UJ8Y7mnwKFc |accessdate=3 March 2014 |newspaper=Associated Press |publisher=MSNBC |date=22 January 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5LoJZb9?url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22785423/ |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Mexico arrests top drugs suspect |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7201571.stm |accessdate=11 November 2012 |newspaper=BBC News |date=21 January 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5LxKXiA?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7201571.stm |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Cae Alfredo Beltrán Leyva, cabeza del cártel de Sinaloa|url=http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2008/343486.html|publisher=La Crónica de Hoy|date=January 21, 2008|language=Spanish}}
13. ^{{cite news|last=Tobar |first=Hector |title=Ranking security official slain in Mexico |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/may/09/world/fg-mexico9 |accessdate=11 November 2012 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=9 May 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5M343UE?url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/may/09/world/fg-mexico9 |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
14. ^{{cite news|last=McKinley |first=James C. |title=Gunmen Kill Chief of Mexico’s Police |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/world/americas/09mexico.html |accessdate=11 November 2012 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=9 May 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C5MAoTUk?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/world/americas/09mexico.html?_r=0 |archivedate=11 November 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
15. ^{{cite news|title=Niegan amparo a Alfredo Beltrán Leyva; es inminente extradición |url=http://riodoce.mx/narcotrafico-2/niegan-amparo-a-alfredo-beltran-leyva-es-inminente-extradicion |accessdate=15 October 2014 |publisher=Ríodoce |date=14 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6TKqaAIIN?url=http://riodoce.mx/narcotrafico-2/niegan-amparo-a-alfredo-beltran-leyva-es-inminente-extradicion |archivedate=15 October 2014 |language=Spanish |deadurl=no |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web|title=DESIGNATIONS PURSUANT TO THE FOREIGN NARCOTICS KINGPIN DESIGNATION ACT |url=http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/narco_designations_kingpin.pdf |publisher=United States Department of the Treasury |accessdate=28 May 2014 |page=9 |date=15 May 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514025153/http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/narco_designations_kingpin.pdf |archivedate=14 May 2013 |deadurl=yes }}
17. ^{{cite web|title=An overview of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act|url=http://www.assetsearchblog.com/uploads/file/drugs.pdf|publisher=United States Department of the Treasury|accessdate=28 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528053616/http://www.assetsearchblog.com/uploads/file/drugs.pdf|archivedate=28 May 2014|page=1|date=2009}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Extraditan a "El Mochomo" a EU|url=http://www.debate.com.mx/eldebate/noticias/default.asp?IdArt=15654190&IdCat=17402&sl=1|accessdate=17 November 2014|publisher=El Debate de Sinaloa|date=17 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117202326/http://www.debate.com.mx/eldebate/noticias/default.asp?IdArt=15654190&IdCat=17402&sl=1|archivedate=17 November 2014|language=Spanish}}
19. ^{{cite news|title=Extradited Mexican drug kingpin Beltrán Leyva pleads not guilty in Washington, D.C. |url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2014/11/18/extradited-mexican-drug-kingpin-beltran-leyva-pleads-not-guilty-in-washington/ |accessdate=19 November 2014 |publisher=Fox News |date=19 November 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6UCjvrkLP?url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2014/11/18/extradited-mexican-drug-kingpin-beltran-leyva-pleads-not-guilty-in-washington/ |archivedate=19 November 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Alfredo Beltrán Leyva se declara inocente en EU |url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/cartel_de_los_Beltran_Leyva-Alfredo_Beltran_Leyva-extraditan_a_Alfredo_Beltran_Leyva_0_410959161.html |accessdate=18 November 2014 |publisher=Milenio |date=18 November 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6UAFxnsaZ?url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/cartel_de_los_Beltran_Leyva-Alfredo_Beltran_Leyva-extraditan_a_Alfredo_Beltran_Leyva_0_410959161.html |archivedate=18 November 2014 |deadurl=no |language=Spanish |df= }}
21. ^{{cite news|title=Alfredo Beltrán Leyva se declara inocente en corte de Washington |url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2014/11/17/992894 |accessdate=18 November 2014 |publisher=Excélsior |date=18 November 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6UAG9h68Q?url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2014/11/17/992894 |archivedate=18 November 2014 |deadurl=no |language=Spanish |df= }}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Alfredo Beltran Leyva Pleads Guilty to International Drug Trafficking Conspiracy Charges|url=http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/alfredo-beltran-leyva-pleads-guilty-international-drug-trafficking-conspiracy-charges|publisher=U.S. Department of Justice|date=23 February 2016}}
23. ^{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Mariah|title=Prosecutors: Beltran Leyva cartel boss' operations worth $10 billion|url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/us-world/border-mexico/article/Prosecutors-put-10-billion-price-tag-on-Beltran-8398308.php|publisher=San Antonio Express-News|date=July 20, 2016}}
24. ^{{cite news|title=EU condena a cadena perpetua a 'El Mochomo'|url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/alfredo_beltran_leyva-narcotrafico-condenado_eu-cadena_perpetua-drogas-milenio_0_932907001.html|publisher=Milenio|date=April 5, 2016|language=Spanish}}
25. ^{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Kevin|title=Mexican drug kingpin Alfredo Beltran Leyva sentenced to life in prison|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/04/05/drug-kingpin-alfredo-beltran-leyva-sentenced/100075018/|publisher=USA Today|date=April 5, 2017}}
26. ^{{cite news|last1=Jarett|first1=Laura|title=Mexican drug cartel boss sentenced to life in prison|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/05/us/alfredo-beltran-leyva-life-in-prison/|publisher=CNN|date=April 5, 2017}}
{{Mexican Drug War}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Beltran Leyva, Alfredo}}

12 : Beltrán-Leyva Cartel traffickers|People from Culiacán|People from Badiraguato|Mexican drug traffickers|Mexican money launderers|People of the Mexican Drug War|Mexican prisoners and detainees|Mexican mob bosses|1971 births|Living people|People sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act|Inmates of the Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1
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