| 词条 | Alfred Ritscher |
| 释义 |
| name = Alfred Ritscher | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1879|5|23}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1963|3|30|1879|5|23}} | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = | birth_place = Bad Lauterberg, Prussia | death_place = Hamburg, West Germany | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = {{Flag|German Empire}} {{Flag|Weimar Republic}} {{flag|Nazi Germany}} | branch ={{navy|German Empire}} {{navy|Weimar Republic}} {{navy|Nazi Germany}} | serviceyears = | rank = Kapitän zur See | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = | battles = | battles_label = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = led the Third German Antarctic Expedition }} Alfred Ritscher (23 May 1879 in Bad Lauterberg – 30 March 1963 in Hamburg) was a German polar explorer. A Kapitän zur See in the Kriegsmarine, he led the third German Antarctic Expedition in 1938-39, which mapped the New Swabia ({{lang-de|Neuschwabenland}}) area of Queen Maud Land. Ritscher Peak[1] and Ritscher Upland[2] there are named for him. BiographyIn 1897 Alfred Ritscher made his first trip as a cabin boy on the Bremen ship "Emily". In 1903 he passed his helmsman exams and earned his master's certificate in 1907. At the beginning of 1912, Ritscher gained a place in the newly created Seehandbuchwerk of the Navy Office. Alfred Ritscher was skipper of the "German Arctic Expedition" of 1912-1913, under the command of Herbert Schröder-Stranz, which departed from Tromsø in the motor vessel "Herzog Ernst" for a preliminary reconnaissance of a planned navigation of the Northeast Passage. He also took over the leadership of the airborne survey of the expedition and obtained a pilot licence. The expedition failed whilst attempting the crossing of the Nordaustlandet island in northeastern Spitsbergen archipelago, because of poor equipment, misjudged weather, and starting too late in the year. Ritscher marched over {{convert|210|km}} in seven and a half days, to the settlement of Longyearbyen. Search expeditions were sent after his message about the fate of the Schroeder-Stranz expedition and saved six of the fourteen missing expedition members. During the First World War, Ritscher made reconnaissance flights in support of Marine units in Flanders. After the war he worked as an independent businessman and in 1925 worked as a specialist in aerial navigation with Lufthansa. In 1934, Ritscher divorced his Jewish wife Susan née Loewenthal, in order not to endanger his career in the War Department. Also in 1934, Ritscher became an officer in command of the Navy. In 1938, he became head of the German Antarctic Expedition 1938/39, with a mandate to set up a base for the German whaling fleet, carry out air exploration and claim territory. During this expedition he flew over an area of about {{convert|600,000|km2}} with two Dornier Do J II flying boats, launched from a steam catapult on the expedition ship. Around 11,000 aerial photographs were taken. At the outbreak of the Second World War, Ritscher was preparing another expedition with improved ski-planes, which was cancelled. After the Second World War Ritscher continued as chairman of the "Association for the promotion of the Archive for Polar Research Inc.," which was renamed in 1959 to the West German Society of Polar Research Association. Awards
Works
See also
References1. ^USGS Geographic Names Information System: USGS GNIS: Ritscher Peak 2. ^USGS Geographic Names Information System: USGS GNIS: Ritscher Upland External links
13 : 1879 births|1963 deaths|People from Bad Lauterberg|People from the Province of Hanover|German explorers|Explorers of Antarctica|History of Antarctica|Research and development in Nazi Germany|Germany and the Antarctic|Imperial German Navy personnel|Luftstreitkräfte personnel|Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Lufthansa people |
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