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词条 Alfred V. Verville
释义

  1. Early life and career

  2. U.S. Army service

  3. Buhl and Verville Aircraft Companies

  4. Bureau of Air Commerce and consulting

  5. U.S. Navy service and retirement

  6. Death

  7. Honors

  8. Planes designed by Verville

     Curtiss Aircraft Company  General Aeroplane Company  U.S. Military  Buhl-Verville  Verville Aircraft Company 

  9. See also

  10. References

  11. Further reading

  12. External links

{{Infobox person
| name = Alfred Victor Verville
| image = Photos chap1-12.jpg
| caption = Verville in 1925
| alt = Formal photo of Alfred Verville in suit and tie
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1890|11|16}}
| birth_place = Atlantic Mine, Michigan, US
| death_date = {{death date and age|1970|03|10|1890|11|16|df=yes}}
| death_place = La Jolla, California, US
| other_names = Fred Verville
| known_for = Pioneering contributions to civil and military aviation design
| occupation = aviation designer, aeronautic engineer
| signature = Signature_of_Alfred_Victor_Verville_from_draft_card_in_1917.png
| signature_alt = Cursive signature of Alfred Verville
| parents = Victor Verville
Fabianna Miron
| spouse = Eva
}}

Alfred Victor Verville (November 16, 1890 – March 10, 1970) was an aviation pioneer and aircraft designer who contributed to civilian and military aviation.[1] During his forty-seven years in the aviation industry, he was responsible for the design and development of nearly twenty commercial and military airplanes. Verville is known for designing flying boats, military racing airplanes (such as the record breaking Verville-Sperry R-3 Racer), and a series of commercial cabin airplanes. His planes were awarded with the Pulitzer Speed Classic Trophy in 1920 and 1924.

Verville was a founder of three aeronautical companies, the General Aeroplane Company, Verville Aircraft Company, and the Buhl Aircraft Company. He worked for General Billy Mitchell during his service at the United States Army Air Service from 1918 to 1925. From 1937 to 1945, he worked as a consultant for companies such as Douglas Aircraft, Curtiss-Wright, Snead Aircraft, and Drexel Aviation. Verville spent the next sixteen years in the U.S. Federal government, primarily in the Bureau of Aeronautics, before retiring in 1961.

Verville received many honors and awards, including a selection as a fellow of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in 1962. An airmail stamp was issued in 1985 by the US Postal Service in Verville's honor. In 1991, he was posthumously inducted into the Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame.

Early life and career

Verville was born in Atlantic Mine, a small town in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, on November 16, 1890,[1][2] as the son of Victor Verville and Fabianna Miron.[3] As a child, his mother bought him a Conyne-style box kite from Sears Roebuck, which captured his imagination and started his interest in flight and aviation. Verville also began reading stories about the Wright Brothers in newspapers and magazines with great interest. Later he even wrote to the Wrights and Glenn Curtiss and received responses.[5]{{rp|2–3}}

After graduating from Adams Township High School,[4] Verville took a correspondence course in electrical engineering.[5][6] He moved to Detroit, Michigan at the age of twenty, and from 1910 to 1913 he worked in the electrical departments of the Detroit Edison Company, Ford Motor Company, and Hudson Motor Car Company.[5]{{rp|3–4}} By 1913, Verville had made his mind up that he wanted to learn to fly. William Edmund Scripps, the editor and owner of The Detroit News, introduced Verville to Glenn Curtiss in July 1913. Curtiss encouraged Verville to apply for his Spring 1914 flight school. Instead, Verville went to Hammondsport, New York in February 1914, where Curtiss Aeroplane Company was located, and told Curtiss he wanted to work as an apprentice in his drafting and engineering shop.[5]{{rp|3–10}} Curtiss agreed and this began Verville's aviation career.[7]

{{quote box|width=33%|align=right|quoted=1|I always had that wonderful feeling in flying, no matter what kind of weather ... I just wondered why men hadn't learned to fly years ago, it was so wonderful ... It was a symphony.|— Alfred Verville describing his first flight as a passenger in a plane, c. 1913 (age 23).[8]{{rp|6}} }}

Verville excelled as a draftsman and designer, but still wanted to attend flight school and to become an exhibition pilot. After applying and being passed over three times for the Curtiss Flying School, Verville went to Curtiss, who responded: "No, Mr. Verville you don't want to be a pilot. We can get all the pilots we want. What we want are designers. You're [really] a designer and you don't know it."[8]{{rp|10–11}} While at Curtiss Aeroplane, Verville took an active part in the development of the transatlantic flying boat America (which was a Curtiss H-2) and the Curtiss Jenny of World War I fame. In the Fall of 1914, Verville left the company and joined the Aeromarine Plane and Motor Company in New Jersey; shortly thereafter, he joined the Thomas-Morse Airplane Company.[8]{{rp|16–18}} In March 1915, he returned to Detroit and joined the General Aeroplane Company, where he led his first full design and build to his specifications, the Verville Flying Boat.[9]

On July 9, 1917, Verville married Bertha M. Kamrath in Escanaba, Michigan.[10] He had three children with her, daughters Betty and Janet, and son Myron.[3] Also in 1917, Verville left the General Aeroplane Company to become executive engineer of Fisher Body Corporation, where he supervised the construction of de Havilland DH-4 airplanes.[9]

U.S. Army service

In June 1918, Verville joined the Engineering Division of the U.S. Army Air Service (USAAS) as a civilian,[11] and was based out of the USAAS Engineering Division at McCook Field in Dayton, Ohio.[12] In 1920, the young engineer gained national prominence when his Verville-Packard R-1 Racer won the Pulitzer Speed Classic Trophy at the first held National Air Races (at Roosevelt Field, New York) by finishing first out of twenty four other planes, achieving a top speed of 156.54 mph.[13][14][15]

In 1919 Brigadier General William Mitchell requested the Engineering Division to design a light-weight "motorcycle of the air" that could operate as a liaison between Army field units. Verville completed the Messenger design in early 1920. The Lawrence Sperry Aircraft Company of Farmingdale was contracted to build five Messengers in April 1920. The first Messenger flight was on November 1. Later designated the Verville-Sperry M-1 Messenger, the plane is notable for its small size, simple construction, and inexpensive cost, which made it ideal for testing and experimentation.[16] The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics used one in its pioneering aerodynamic research programs from 1923 to 1929. Sperry modified twelve into the radio-controlled Messenger Aerial Torpedo and developed the apparatus for a Messenger to make the first successful airship hook on and release in December 1924.

Following World War I, in the capacity as an engineering advisor, Verville joined General Billy Mitchell and his aide, Lieutenant Clayton Bissell, on their sailing trip to Europe in December 1921.[17][18] The three men toured France, Italy, Germany, Holland, and England in order to check on the European progress of aviation. From their research they produced a 206-page report, which was published as a U.S. Army Air Service Information Circular.[19] General Mitchell asked Verville to incorporate some of the European developments they had observed and to produce a plane for the U.S. Army Air Service's participation in the upcoming 1922 National Air Races.[20]

The resulting plane, the Verville-Sperry R-3 Racer, was the second plane to utilize retractable landing gear[21] and incorporated many features advanced for its time. The completion of the R-3 encountered challenges because the planned Curtiss D-12 engine was not available. So, instead Verville had to use the problematic Wright H-3 (Hispano) engine, which had major vibration issues.[22] Three R-3's competed in the 1922 National Air Races, but only one finished in 5th place with a top speed of 181 mph.[23] After the 1922 race, Verville was able to finally obtain a Curtiss D-12 engine. It was installed on an R-3 and based on trials, it was determined that it could break a world record. On March 31, 1923, with Orville Wright officially observing from the ground, pilot Lieutenant Alexander Pearson, Jr. set a 500 km World Speed Record of {{convert|167.73|mph|km/h|2|abbr=on}} over a 10-lap course at Wilbur Wright Field.[24] For the 1924 National Air Races, his R-3 won the 1924 Pulitzer Speed Trophy at 216 mph.[25][26]

While at the Air Service, Verville was awarded eight aeronautical patents for technologies such as airplane truss design, radiator mounting, and an automatic gun mechanism.[27]

Buhl and Verville Aircraft Companies

In 1925, Verville left the government service to co-found the Buhl-Verville Aircraft Company with the Buhl family in Detroit.[28] On March 29, 1927, Buhl was awarded the first Approved Type Certificate[29] for its Buhl-Verville CA-3 Airster (i.e. A.T.C. No. 1) issued by the Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce on March 29, 1927.[30][31][32] There were a total of 20 of this aircraft manufactured and it broke a number of speed and endurance records, placing at the top of the Ford National Reliability Air Tour and the National Air Races. Verville was the chief designer from the company's founding in 1925 until 1927.[33]

In 1928, Verville left Buhl-Verville to establish the Verville Aircraft Company, also in Detroit. The company sought to market planes to the wealthy private owner. Verville Aircraft produced the Verville Air Coach, a four-passenger, high-wing monoplane, which made its debut at the 1929 Detroit Air Show[34] and the Verville Sport Trainer, a two-seat tandem biplane. The United States Army Air Corps purchased 4 Sport Trainers under the designation YPT-10. The USAAC tested with 5 different engine versions resulting in YPT-10 thru YPT-10D designations.

Bureau of Air Commerce and consulting

Verville joined the Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce in 1933. The Aeronautics Branch became the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934. During his time there, Verville served in the following roles: aeronautical engineer; chief of the Manufacturing, Engineering, and Inspections Service; and finally assistant chief of the Aeronautic Development Section.[4] In his role as chief of the Manufacturing, Engineering, and Inspections Service, he was in charge of the reviews for issuing type certificates for all manufactured airplanes.[35]

Verville left government service to be a consultant for companies including Douglas Aircraft (1937–38), Curtiss-Wright (1941–42), Snead Aircraft (1942), and the Drexel Aviation Company (1942–45). Verville briefly returned to the Bureau of Air Commerce from 1939-1941.

U.S. Navy service and retirement

In 1945, once again returning to government service, he joined as a member of the Naval Technical Mission to Europe,[36] and later, the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (1946–61). At the Bureau of Aeronautics, from 1950 until his retirement in 1961, Verville was a technical advisor and consultant to the director of the Technical Data Division.[4] Verville retired in 1961 and moved to La Jolla, California.

Death

He died on March 10, 1970 from a heart attack at age 79.[37][38]

Honors

In 1962, Verville was selected as a fellow of the Smithsonian's National Air Museum. He was honored with ten Certificates or Letters of Commendation from the U.S. Armed Forces. He was an Honorary Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots[49] and was named an Elder Statesman of Aviation by the National Aeronautic Association in 1956.[39] In 1961, he was elected as a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.[40] In 1991, he was posthumously inducted into the Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame.[41]

The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum established the Verville Fellowship in his name, which is a competitive nine-to-twelve month in-residence fellowship for researching the history of aviation.[42] Over 20 boxes of material from Verville's estate are housed at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum's Garber Facility.[43] A 33 cent United States Postal Service airmail stamp was issued on February 13, 1985, bearing Verville's name, picture, the text "Aviation Pioneer", and an image of his Verville-Sperry R-3 Racer low-wing monoplane.[44]

Planes designed by Verville

Over the course of his forty-seven years in designing and building planes, Verville contributed to the design and development of nearly twenty different aircraft. A plane he designed, the Verville-Sperry M-1 Messenger is on permanent exhibition at the National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.[45] Another plane he designed, the Verville-Sperry R-3 Racer won first place at the 1924 Pulitzer Trophy Races.[26][46] In June 1961, it was honored as one of the twelve most significant aircraft of all time by Popular Mechanics[26] and it was featured on a USPS airmail stamp issued in 1985.

Curtiss Aircraft Company

Curtiss Jenny (1914)
  • famous World War I plane
  • Verville contributed to design
America (1914)
  • first plane of Curtiss H-2 line
  • planned to be first transatlantic flight, but interrupted by WWI
  • transatlantic flying boat

General Aeroplane Company

{{main|General Aeroplane Company}}Verville Flying Boat (1916)[47]
  • 2 passenger, open cockpit, biplane, flying boat
  • 100 hp Curtiss OX-5 or Maximotor pusher
  • Mahogany hull and wing floats constructed by Mayea Boat Company (Detroit)
Gamma S (1917)[48]
  • A two-seater, open cockpit, floatplane, biplane with an 80 hp Le Rhône pusher engine.
Gamma L (1917)
  • Similar to Gamma S, with wheels.
  • Twin floats were replaced with wheels for winter operations off the ice of Lake St. Clair.

U.S. Military

Verville-Clark-Pursuit 1 & 2 (1920)
  • Function: fighter (also known as VCP-1/2)
  • Two VCP-1 and two VCP-2 built
  • VCP-1 re-designated VCP-1A & R-1 Racer, VCP-2 redesignated PW-1 & PW-1A
  • While at the Engineering Division and Aeronautical Systems Center of the Signal Corps - post-World War I: November 11, 1918-September 1919
Verville-Packard R-1 Racer (1920)
  • Function: racing; crew: 1; engines: 1x 638 hp Packard 1A-2025 V-12[49]
  • On November 27, 1920, Captain C. C. Moseley, flying a Verville-Packard VCP-R, won the Pulitzer Trophy Race at Mitchel Air Force Base.[50] with a maximum speed of {{convert|177|mph|kph}}.
  • While in the Air Service
Verville-Sperry M-1 Messenger (1921)
  • Function: messenger, manufactured by Sperry Aircraft Company
  • This plane is exhibited in the National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.[45]
Verville-Sperry R-3 Racer (1922)
  • Participated in the 1922 and 1924 Pulitzer Trophy Races; won first place in 1924.[46] In June 1961, it was honored as one of the twelve most significant aircraft of all time by Popular Mechanics.[26]
Engineering Division TP-1 (1923)
  • Was a two-seat biplane fighter designed by Alfred V. Verville and Virginius E. Clark at the United States Army Air Corps Engineering Division.
  • Prototype TP-1 was built as the XTP-1 and tested at McCook Field in 1923.
YPT-10 (1925), Primary Trainer
  • Similar design to Verville Sport Trainer AT
  • While at the Air Corps

Buhl-Verville

Buhl-Verville CA-3/CW-3 Airster (1925–1926)
  • CA-3 Airster, 200 hp Wright J-4 engine
  • CA-3A Airster, 225 hp Wright J-5 engine
  • CW-3 OX5 Airster, 90 hp Curtiss OX-5 engine
  • CW-3 Wright Trainer, 220 hp Wright J-5 engine (short military trial)
  • Also known as: J4/J5 Airster or B-V Airster

Verville Aircraft Company

{{main|Verville Aircraft Company}}Verville Air Coach (1929)
  • four passenger, high-wing cabin monoplane designed in 1927 by Verville
  • Model 102 (104-W, Warner Engine)
  • Model 104-C
  • Model 104-P (Packard Diesel Coach)
Verville Sport Trainer (1930)
  • This plane is in storage in the Smithsonian Institution system; its engine was a Packard DR-980.[51]

See also

{{portal|Aviation}}
  • List of people on stamps of the United States
  • List of United States airmail stamps
  • Sperry Corporation

References

1. ^{{cite journal|author=|title=Michigan Aviation Magazine (section: Alfred Verville biography)|url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Aviation_vol36_no4_157590_7.pdf|publisher=MDOT Multi-Model Transportation Services Bureau|date=2003|volume=36|number=4|accessdate=2014-05-22|page=5}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/53480317 |title=Alfred Victor Verville (1890–1970) - Find A Grave Memorial|publisher=Findagrave.com|accessdate=2013-03-04}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://genforum.genealogy.com/verville/messages/213.html|title=Genealogy.com - Verville Family Genealogy Forum|publisher=Genforum.genealogy.com|date=2007-09-08|accessdate=2013-03-04}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.sil.si.edu/SmithsonianContributions/AirSpace/pdf_lo/SSAS-0004.pdf|title=In the Cause of Flight, Technologists of Aeronautics and Astronautics (section: Alfred V. Verville biography)|author=Howard Wolko|publisher=Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space|year=1981|page=84}}
5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FW_50wm8VnMC&pg=PA672e|title=Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia|authors=Walter J. Boyne, Michael Fopp|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2002|isbn=1-57607-345-9}} - {{ISBN|978-1-57607-345-2}}
6. ^{{cite web|author=Robert F. Pauley|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/0738552186|title=Michigan Aircraft Manufacturers (Images of Aviation)|page=16|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|date=August 3, 2009}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unicover.com/EF4UH3JC.HTM|title=Tom McNeely: Alfred Verville Painting Commentary|year=1985|publisher=Unicover Corporation}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{citation|oclc= 86147574|publisher=Aviation Project, Oral History Research Office, Columbia University|title=Reminiscences of Alfred V. Verville : oral history.|year=1960|author=Alfred V Verville; Donald F Shaughnessy}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|author=Bluth, John A. |url=http://apps.detnews.com/apps/history/index.php?id=219 |title=Detroit's first commercial airplane builder |date=May 1, 2001 |publisher=Special to The Detroit News Online, Michigan History Section, Detroit News |accessdate=2014-05-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20100605081920/http://apps.detnews.com/apps/history/index.php?id=219 |archivedate=June 5, 2010 }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grandmastree.com/society/marriage/jo-ki.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711122306/http://www.grandmastree.com/society/marriage/jo-ki.htm|archivedate=2011-07-11|title=Marriages 1862–1927, Escanaba, Michigan|date=May 1998|publisher=Delta County Genealogical Society (Web.archive.org)|accessdate=2014-05-24}} (Note: the name on this page is misspelled Kanmath, should be Kamrath.)
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/bio_v.html|title=Biographies - Letter V|publisher=Aerofiles.com|accessdate=2009-08-29}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Against the Wind, 90 Years of Flight Test in the Miami Valley |publisher=History Office, Aeronautical Systems Center, Air Force Material Command |date=February 1994 |pages=6, 15, 129 |url=http://contrails.iit.edu/History/against/against.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060505/http://contrails.iit.edu/History/against/against.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-04 }}
13. ^{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bTHXNzu1J0C&pg=PA71|title=Verville-Packard Racer ... First to Win the Pulitzer Races|journal=Flying Magazine|date=October 1958|page=71}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayinaviation.com/25-november-1920/|title=Lieutenant Corliss C. Mosely, U.S. Army Air Service, won the first Pulitzer Trophy Race|date=November 25, 2013|author=Bryan Swopes|publisher=Thisdayinaviation.com}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=Army Pilot Wins Pulitzer Air Race|work=The New York Times|date=Nov 26, 1920|page=1|quote=Lieutenant Mosley, in Verville Packard, Averages Almost Three Miles a Minute|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/11/26/archives/army-pilot-wins-pulitzer-air-race-lieutenant-mosley-in.html?sq=pulitzer&scp=6&st=p}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://nationalaviation.org/sperry-sr-lawrence/ |title=National Aviation Hall of Fame |publisher=Nationalaviation.org |date=1914-06-18 |accessdate=2014-05-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911035538/http://nationalaviation.org/sperry-sr-lawrence/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 }}
17. ^{{citation|title=Billy Mitchell, Crusader for Air Power|author=Alfred F. Hurley|page=71|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1975|isbn=978-0-253-20180-5}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.homeofheroes.com/wings/part1/6_survival.html|title=Wings of Valor - The Court Martial of Billy Mitchell|publisher=Homeofheroes.com|year=2007|accessdate=2009-08-29}}
19. ^{{citation|last=Mitchell |first=William |first2=Clayton |last2=Bissell |first3=Alfred |last3=Verville|section=Report of Inspection Trip to France, Italy, Germany, Holland, and England, Made during the Winter of 1921–1922 (Technical Supplement)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCBJAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA26-IA85|date=November 1, 1922|oclc=44443337|number=391|volume=4|publisher=Chief of Air Service, Washington, D.C.|title=Air Service Information Circular (Aviation)}}
20. ^{{citation|title=Billy Mitchell|author=James J Cooke|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|year=2002|at=Page 134 through the end of that chapter|isbn=978-1-58826-082-6}}
21. ^The first was the Dayton Wright RB-1 of 1920. See http://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/landing_gear/Tech16.htm
22. ^{{cite book|title=Volume 1 of Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn= 978-1-57607-345-2|editor=Walter J. Boyne|pages=672–673|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FW_50wm8VnMC&pg=PA672}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Verville-Sperry R-3, Famous Record Breaking and Racing Aircraft|publisher=Air Racing History (air-racing-history.com)|date=2008|accessdate=2014-05-30|url=http://www.air-racing-history.com/aircraft/Verville-Sperry%20R-3.htm}}
24. ^{{cite book | last = Alley | first = William | title = Pearson Field: Pioneering Aviation in Vancouver and Portland | publisher = Harper Perennial / Arcadia Publishing | location = New York | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-7385-3129-4|page=37|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=65ZPau4hIBcC | quote = On March 31, 1923, Pearson entered a 500-kilometer speed race at Wilbur Wright Field (now Wright-Patterson Air Force Base). Flying a Verville-Sperry monoplane over a 10-lap course, with Orville Write as an official observer, Pearson set a new world speed record of 167.73 miles per hour, wresting the title from a French pilot. (Pearson Air Museum.)}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A19540005000 |title=Pulitzer Trophy | National Air and Space Museum |publisher=Airandspace.si.edu |accessdate=2014-06-01}}
26. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e98DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16|title=The Twelve Most Significant Aircraft of all Time, A Portfolio of Planes that Changed Aviation History|pages=16, 96–106|volume=115|number=6|ISSN=0032-4558|publisher=Popular Mechanics / Hearst Magazines|date=June 1961|quote=Verville-Sperry Racer (1922). Winner of the 1924 Pulitzer Race at Dayton, Ohio, this neat ship typified an era when designers tried, with very little money, to get maximum performance from the minimum airplane. Its clean lines, thick low wing and retractable landing gear were amazingly prophetic of World War II fighters.}}
27. ^Patents list: [https://www.google.com/patents/US1427872 Airplane-radiator mounting US 1427872 A], [https://www.google.com/patents/US1446528 Ambulance aircraft fuselage US 1446528 A], [https://www.google.com/patents/US1498000 Truss design for multimotored aircraft US 1498000 A], [https://www.google.com/patents/US1504393 Cartridge-feeding mechanism for automatic guns US 1504393 A], [https://www.google.com/patents/US1514410 Detachable gasoline tank US 1514410 A], [https://www.google.com/patents/US1533284 Annular radiator mounting for airplanes US 1533284 A], [https://www.google.com/patents/US1533285 Aircraft fuselage US 1533285 A], [https://www.google.com/patents/US1554243 Airplane truss US 1554243 A]
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://siris-thesauri.si.edu|title=Smithsonian Institution Research and Information System|publisher=Siris-thesauri.si.edu|accessdate=2013-03-04}}
29. ^{{cite web |title=The First Federal Aircraft Type Certificate |url=https://www.faa.gov/about/history/celebration/media/First_Type_Certificate.pdf |date=1927 |work=www.faa.gov }}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/atc.html |title=ATCs |publisher=Aerofiles.com |accessdate=2014-05-09}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=The Buhl Sport Airsedan, Ettienne Dormoy's Golden Age Sesquiplane|author=H. G. Frautschy|magazine=Vintage Airplane, The Magazine of the E.A.A. Antique/Classic Division|date=December 1997|url=http://www.hoaircraft.com/VintageBuhlpdf.pdf}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Designee Newsletter, Aircraft Certification Division|publisher=Transport Airplane Certification Directorate, US Department of Transportation, FAA|date=May 1, 1987|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128114712/http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/transport/Cert_Update/Edition01-10/media/Edition05.pdf|archivedate=January 28, 2015|url=http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/transport/Cert_Update/Edition01-10/media/Edition05.pdf|quote=This year marks the 60th anniversary of the certification of aircraft in the United States. On March 29, 1927, Type Certificate No. 1 was issued by the newly formed Department of Commerce to the manufacturer of the Buhl-Verville J4 Airster CA-3, a 3-place open land biplane...Prior to that time, the Federal government did not regulate or monitor the design or manufacture of aircraft.}}
33. ^{{cite book|title=A History in the Making: 80 Turbulent Years in the American General Aviation Industry|author=Donald M. Pattillo|page=9|isbn=9780070494480|year=1998}}
34. ^{{cite book|title=Joseph P Juptner's US Civil Aircraft|volume=Volumes 3 & 4|page=60|isbn=978-0-8306-4368-4}}
35. ^{{cite journal|title=About Those "NC" Markings|author=George C. Adams|pages=309–310|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ji_ty9AEz58C&pg=PA309&lpg=PA309|magazine=Flying Magazine|date=May 1935}}
36. ^Records of the Naval Technical Mission in Europe, 1945-1947.
37. ^{{cite magazine|title=Milestones: March 23, 1970|magazine=Time Magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,943217,00.html|date=March 23, 1970|quote=Died. Alfred V. Verville, 79, pioneer aircraft designer who in 1914 with Glenn Curtiss designed the famed Curtiss Jenny, and later as a U.S. Army Air Service engineer developed the nation's first welded-fuselage fighter plane with droppable fuel tanks, the PW-1 Pursuit; of a heart attack; in La Jolla, Calif.}}
38. ^1 {{cite news |author= |title=Alfred V. Verville, Airplane Designer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/03/14/archives/alfred-v-verville-airplane-designer.html |quote= |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 14, 1970}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://naa.aero/html/awards/index.cfm?cmsid=164 |title=McDonald Distinguished Statesman of Aviation Award Recipients |publisher=NAA: National Aeronautic Association (Naa.aero) |accessdate=2014-05-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228041925/http://naa.aero/html/awards/index.cfm?cmsid=164 |archivedate=2013-12-28 |df= }}
40. ^{{cite web|title=List of AIAA Fellows|url=https://www.aiaa.org/uploadedFiles/Membership_and_Communities/Individual_Membership/Fellow_and_Honorary_Fellow_Roster_2014.pdf|publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|year=2014|accessdate=2014-05-28}}
41. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.airzoo.org/enshrinees|title=Enshrinees | Air Zoo Aviation Museum & Science Education Center of Kalamazoo, Michigan|publisher=Airzoo.org|accessdate=2019-02-04}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/research/fellowships/verville.cfm|title=A. Verville Fellowship Information Page|publisher=NASM Research Fellowships, National Air and Space Museum|accessdate=2014-05-01}}
43. ^{{cite web|title=Alfred Victor Verville Papers, 1911–1968|publisher=The Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation, Smithsonian National Museum of American History|url=http://invention.si.edu/alfred-victor-verville-papers-1911-1968|accessdate=2014-05-01}} Further detail: http://airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=siris_arc_366584
44. ^{{cite web|author=Cooper, Ralph |url=http://earlyaviators.com/evervill.htm |title=Alfred Verville |publisher=The Early Birds of Aviation, Inc. |year=2004 |accessdate=2014-05-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203458/http://earlyaviators.com/evervill.htm |archivedate=2016-03-03 }}
45. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A19580040000|title=Verville-Sperry M-1 Messenger|quote=Object: A19580040000|publisher=National Air and Space Museum - Collection Database, Smithsonian Institution}}
46. ^1 {{cite book|author=John Taylor|title=The Lore Of Flight|publisher=Barnes and Noble Books, New York|year=1996|isbn=978-0-7607-0364-9}}
47. ^{{cite book|title=Michigan Aircraft Manufacturers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H35YzdyTpDcC&pg=PA16|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2009|page=16|isbn=978-0-7385-5218-7}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://aerofiles.com/_uv.html#_V|title=Verville, Verville-Packard, Verville-Sperry|publisher=Aerofiles|date=2009-04-17}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.air-racing-history.com/aircraft/Verville-Packard%20R-1.htm|title=Famous record breaking aircraft, Verville-Packard R-1 air racer|publisher=Air-racing-history.com|year=2008|accessdate=2009-08-29}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airracinghistory.freeola.com/Pulitzer%20Trophy%20Races.htm|title=Pulitzer Trophy Air Races|publisher=Airracinghistory.freeola.com|accessdate=2013-03-04}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.milaviapress.com/orbat/unitedstatesofamerica/index.php|title=Order of Battle - United States of America|publisher=MilAvia Press|date=2004|accessdate=2014-05-30}}

Further reading

  • {{citation|oclc= 86147574|publisher=Aviation Project, Oral History Research Office, Columbia University|title=Reminiscences of Alfred V. Verville : oral history.|year=1960|author=Alfred V Verville; Donald F Shaughnessy}}
  • {{cite journal|author=|title=Michigan Aviation Magazine (section: Alfred Verville biography)|url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Aviation_vol36_no4_157590_7.pdf|publisher=MDOT Multi-Model Transportation Services Bureau|date=2003|volume=36|number=4|accessdate=2014-05-22|page=5}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.sil.si.edu/SmithsonianContributions/AirSpace/pdf_lo/SSAS-0004.pdf|title=In the Cause of Flight, Technologists of Aeronautics and Astronautics (section: Alfred V. Verville biography)|author=Howard Wolko|publisher=Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space|year=1981|page=84}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Pulitzer Air Races: American Aviation and Speed Supremacy, 1920–1925|pages=22, 77–81, 93, 120, 148|author=Michael Gough|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-7100-3}}
  • {{citation|title=International Cyclopedia of Aviation Biography (MS-167)|publisher=Special Collections and Archives, Paul Laurence Dunbar Library, Wright State University|quote=Processed by Eugene J. Jergens, Jr., March 1987, Revised by Clint Clark, 2006|year=2006|page=38|url=http://www.libraries.wright.edu/special/collection_guides/guide_files/ms167.pdf}}
  • {{citation|title=The Milton Lehman Papers|publisher=Archives and Special Collections, Robert H. Goddard Library, Clark University, Worcester, MA|section=Alfred Verville interview|number=Box 3, RHG Life, Interviews, B-25.60 VW|year=1917|url=https://www.clarku.edu/research/archives/goddardcollection/lehmancontents.htm}}, [https://www.clarku.edu/research/archives/goddard/about.cfm Dr. Robert H. Goddard Collection]

External links

  • A. Verville Fellowship at NASM
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203458/http://earlyaviators.com/evervill.htm Early Aviators page of A Verville]
  • Image of Alfred Verville Airmail stamp (Smithsonian Institution website)
  • AirZoo Museum Page Commemorating Alfred Verville, Kalamazoo, Michigan
{{Verville aircraft|state=expanded}}{{Good article}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Verville, Alfred}}

12 : Alfred V. Verville|Aviation pioneers|American aerospace designers|American aerospace engineers|1890 births|1970 deaths|Fellows of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|People from Houghton County, Michigan|Scientists from Michigan|United States Army Air Service|20th-century American engineers|Engineers from Michigan
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