请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)
释义

  1. Plot

  2. Cast

  3. Production

      Development    Casting    Filming  

  4. Themes and influences

  5. Music

  6. Release

      Critical reception    Home media  

  7. In popular culture

  8. Notes

  9. References

  10. Bibliography

  11. External links

{{short description|1956 film by T. R. Sundaram}}{{For|the 1941 film|Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1941 film)}}{{good article}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}{{Infobox film
| name = Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum
| image = Alibabavum 40 thirudargalum poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = T. R. Sundaram
| producer = T. R. Sundaram
| based on = Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
| starring = M. G. Ramachandran
Bhanumathi Ramakrishna
| music = Susarla Dakshinamurthi
| cinematography = W. R. Subba Rao
| editing = L. Balu
| studio = Modern Theatres
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1956|1|14}}
| runtime = 149-160 minutes{{efn|The 2017 book Contes et légendes d'Orient by Hervé Dumont gives the runtime as 149 minutes,{{sfn|Dumont|2017|p=94}} while Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema gives its runtime as 160 minutes.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}} }}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (read as "Alibabavum Narpadhu Thirudargalum"; {{literal translation|Alibaba and the Forty Thieves}}) is a 1956 Indian Tamil-language fantasy swashbuckler film directed and produced by T. R. Sundaram under his production banner Modern Theatres. The film features M. G. Ramachandran and Bhanumathi Ramakrishna in the lead roles, with K. Sarangkapani, P. S. Veerappa, K. A. Thangavelu, M. N. Rajam, Sushila, Vidhyavathi, and M. G. Chakrapani in supporting roles.

The film tells the story of Alibaba, a poor woodcutter, who becomes wealthy after finding a secret cave which contains various treasures and antiques. He resolves to keep his source of wealth a secret to lead a peaceful life. Whether he keeps it a secret and protects the treasure from falling into the wrong hands forms the rest of the story.

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was shot in Gevacolor and is notable for being the first Tamil and South Indian full-length colour film. It is based on the story "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" from One Thousand and One Nights. It is also the second Tamil film adaptation of that story, after the 1941 film of the same name. Filming took place mainly at Mysore and Yercaud. The soundtrack was composed by Susarla Dakshinamurthi, and re-used many songs from the 1954 Hindi film Alibaba Aur 40 Chor. It was also the final film of Ramachandran's three-film contract with Modern Theatres.

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was released on 14 January 1956 during the festive occasion of Thai Pongal. It was a milestone in Ramachandran's career and became a success at the box office which was largely attributed to it being the first full-length colour film in South India. The songs also attained popularity. The film was later dubbed in Telugu as Ali Baba 40 Dongalu.

Plot

Marziana, a Baghdad-based dancer, is abducted by the tyrant Sher Khan, commander of the notorious king Amir Kasim Khan, to his palace. She is rescued by Alibaba, an impoverished woodcutter who fights with Sher Khan and vanquishes him. Marziana and her sidekick Dowlath find refuge in Alibaba's house who lives with his sister Ayisha and servant Bulbul. Marziana learns that they are the siblings of Kasim, who had driven them out at the instigation of his cruel wife Salima. Marziana and Alibaba later fall in love.

One day, when Alibaba goes to cut wood, he chances upon the cavernous hideout of Abu Hussain, the notorious leader of forty dacoits, and overhears the secret code to enter and exit the cave. After the dacoits leave, Alibaba uses the code word, enters the hideout, and takes some of the cave's wealth which he uses to help poor people nearby. Both Alibaba and Marziana become wealthy overnight.

Kasim becomes jealous when he hears about his brother's fortune, and wants to know the secret behind this. Under Salima's guidance, he invites Alibaba and his household for a feast. After cunningly obtaining the secret of the dacoits' cave, Kasim sentences Alibaba to death, falsely accusing him of attempted murder. Marziana pretends to heed Kasim's order. She declares that Alibaba has been unfaithful to her and he deserves this retribution. Taking a knife, Marziana acts as though she means to kill Alibaba, but instead cuts the ropes that bind his hands. A fight ensues between Alibaba and Kasim's thugs (during which Salima is accidentally killed), but Alibaba subdues them and escapes with his allies.

Kasim enters the cave and greedily starts collecting many treasures. He soon forgets the code word, and is left trapped. The dacoits arrive and kill him for entering their secret cave. Alibaba later visits the cave and is shocked to see his brother dead; he takes away the corpse. After Kasim's death is announced publicly, Alibaba is declared the new king of Baghdad and everyone rejoices. Meanwhile, the dacoits return to their cave and find that Kasim's corpse is missing. Realising that someone else has entered their cave, they start searching for the mystery person.

From the cobbler Gulam's assertion that the woodcutter Alibaba had become wealthy overnight, Abu Hussain realises that it is Alibaba who discovered the secret of his cave, but kills the cobbler afterwards. He then plans to kill Alibaba. Having his men hide inside barrels, Abu Hussain comes to Alibaba's house disguised as an oil merchant seeking shelter for the night. However, Marziana overhears him whispering to his men, and realises his true identity. When she dances at a banquet Alibaba hosts in honour of the guest, Dowlath and Bulbul roll the barrels one by one into the swirling waters as per the plan. After Marziana tries unsuccessfully to stab the "oil merchant", she exposes him as Abu Hussain; Alibaba is shocked. This leads to a fight between the two men, which results in Abu Hussain kidnapping Marziana and fleeing to the cave. Alibaba chases him and reaches the cave where he kills Abu Hussain after an intense battle. After Alibaba rescues Marziana, they marry and continue to perform social work.

Cast

Male actors
  • M. G. Ramachandran as Alibaba
  • K. Sarangkapani as Dowlath
  • P. S. Veerappa as Abu Hussain
  • K. A. Thangavelu as Gulam
  • M. G. Chakrapani as Amir Kasim Khan
  • Nandaram as Sher Khan
  • O. A. K. Thevar as Hameed
  • K. K. Soundar as Abdullah
Female actors
  • Bhanumathi Ramakrishna as Marziana
  • M. N. Rajam as Bulbul
  • Vidhyavathi as Salima
  • P. Sushila as Ayisha
  • Waheeda Rehman as a dancer in the song "Salaam Babu"
  • Sayee Subbulakshmi as dancers in the song "Naama Aaduvadhum"

Production

Development

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum is based on the story "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" from One Thousand and One Nights.[1] The film's story is credited to the Modern Theatres' Story Department.[2] Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum became the second major Tamil film adaptation of the story of Ali Baba; the first was the 1941 film of the same name, starring N. S. Krishnan.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}}[3] While that version was a comedy, this one was more action-oriented.[4]

In addition to producing, Modern Theatres founder T. R. Sundaram also directed the film.[5] A. J. Dominic was signed as the film's art director, while W. R. Subba Rao, L. Balu, and Murasoli Maran were in charge of the cinematography, editing, and dialogues respectively.{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}}[6] A. K. Chopra and K. N. Dhandayudapani Pillai were in charge of the choreography.[7]

Casting

M. G. Ramachandran was cast in the title role,{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}} this being the final film of his three-film contract with Modern Theatres, following Manthiri Kumari (1950) and Sarvadhikari (1951).[8] He was paid {{INRConvert|12500|year=1956}}{{efn|The exchange rate in 1956 was 4.79 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).[9]}} for acting in the film.{{sfn|Kannan|2017|p=69}} The screenplay was written in a way that would suit his then "swashbucking" image,{{Sfn|Pillai|2015|p=88}} as opposed to the original story where Ali Baba was a "gullible simpleton".{{Sfn|Gokulsing|Dissanayake|2013|p=135}} P. S. Veerappa was cast as Abu Hussain, the leader of the forty thieves.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=340}}[10] Padmini was initially given the role of the female lead Marziana, but she was replaced subsequently by Bhanumathi Ramakrishna.{{Sfn|Guy|2007|p=61}} Bhanumathi liked the film, one of her earliest in Tamil, because she found the character a "go-getter".[11] In her autobiography, Bhanumathi noted that after she heard the story, she considered her role to be much better than that in Missamma (1955), from which she was fired after filming only four reels, adding that after she accepted to work on this film, she got more acting offers from Tamil film producers.{{Sfn|Bhanumathi|2000|p=201}}

Ramachandran's elder brother M. G. Chakrapani was cast in the role of Alibaba's elder brother Kassim.[12] K. Sarangkapani was cast as Marziana's sidekick Dowlath, K. A. Thangavelu as the cobbler Gulam, M. N. Rajam as Alibaba's servant Bulbul, Vidhyavathi as Kassim's wife Salima,[13] and Sushila as Alibaba's sister Ayisha. Nandaram, O. A. K. Thevar and K. K. Soundar played Sher Khan, Hameed and Abdullah respectively. Waheeda Rehman, who later became a leading actress in Hindi cinema, appeared as a dancer in the number "Salaam Babu",[1][14] while the dancer duo Sayee Subbulakshmi appeared in the song "Naama Aaduvadhum".[15]

Filming

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was shot entirely on indoor sets, with the exception of a few horse riding sequences. For changes of scenes, irises and wipes were used which, according to Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema by Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen, added a "sense of anachronism" to the film.{{sfnm|1a1=Baskaran|1y=1996|1p=119|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1998|2p=340}} It was also the first full-length Tamil colour film,{{sfnm|1a1=Baskaran|1y=1996|1p=223|2a1=Guy|2y=1997|2p=199}} shot in Gevacolor.[8][16] Rajadhyaksha and Willemen claim it to be the first South Indian film in Gevacolor,{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=340}} despite the fact that the 1955 Tamil film Kanavaney Kankanda Deivam had a few sequences in Gevacolor.{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=223}} The scenes involving horses, which belonged to the Mysore Reserve Police, were shot at Mysore over ten days.[17] The thieves' cave, designed by Dominic,[18] was created at two locations — the exterior cave scenes with the horses were shot at Mysore, while the interior scenes were shot at Yercaud near Salem.[17][19] Sundaram brought twenty horses from Mysore for the shoot at Yercaud.[17] The jewels and gold coins featured in the film were actually clay painted in gold.[20] One of the horses rode by Ramachandran was Sundaram's own.[21]

In one particular scene, Ramachandran objected to the dialogue where he had to swear in the name of Allah, as he was then associated with the rationalist Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He suggested that the dialogue be changed to swearing in the name of his mother, but was finally asked by the director to use the original dialogue.[18]{{Sfn|Kannan|2017|p=77}} When only a song and a fight sequence were left to be finished, Ramachandran could not appear for the shoot, since he had another film to shoot for.{{efn|The claim by Dinamalar does not mention the name of the film Ramachandran went to shoot for.[35]}} As Sundaram was unwilling to wait for Ramachandran's return, those portions were eventually shot with Karadimuthu, who acted as a body double for Ramachandran.[18][22] Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was processed at the Film Centre, Bombay (now Mumbai).[6] The final length of the film was {{Convert|16789|feet|metres}}.[23]

Themes and influences

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum is based on the story of Ali Baba from One Thousand and One Nights.{{sfnm|1a1=Guy|1y=1997|1p=204|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1998|2p=339}} Although the tale and costumes are middle eastern, Marziana, a Muslim, often refers to Yama, the Hindu god of death.{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|pp= 339–340}} Sri Lankan historian Sachi Sri Kantha noted that various Ramachandran films reflect the 1950s trend of films being "costume dramas" that focus on princes and folk heroes, citing Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum as an example.[24]

Ramachandran was an avid fan of action heroes like Errol Flynn, John Barrymore, and Douglas Fairbanks. Throughout the 1950s, he acted in films that justified his status as an action hero.{{Sfn|Swaminathan|2002|p=10}} Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum portrayed him as a swashbuckling action hero who also has a Robin Hood-like agenda of serving the poor and the downtrodden with the treasure he finds in the cave.{{Sfn|Swaminathan|2002|p=10}} Udhav Naig of The Hindu noted that through Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum and several other films, Ramachandran "posited a cleverly-crafted image of being one among the working classes and poorer sections, raising a fist against injustice."[25]

Rajadhyaksha and Willemen, in Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema, compare it to Ramachandran's other films like Malaikkallan (1954) and Madurai Veeran (1956) as they are also Robin Hood-inspired, and because Bhanumathi plays a damsel in distress in them.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=60}} The French website Jol-Press compared it to Manthiri Kumari because both films feature Ramachandran as a Flynn-inspired hero.[26]

Music

The film's original soundtrack and score were composed by Susarla Dakshinamurthi,{{Sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=118}} while the lyrics were written by A. Maruthakasi.[27][28] T. R. Sundaram decided to use the same tunes set from the Hindi film Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1954). Udumalai Narayana Kavi was offered to write the lyrics. He declined, saying that he would only write lyrics for fresh tunes and recommended Maruthakasi, who was finalised.[29] The song "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan" is based on "Dekho Ji Shanti Nikla", "Masila Unmai Kathale" is based on "Ae Saba Unse Kah Jara" and "Chinnanjiru Chitte" is based on "Chalo Chalo Chale Hum Babul Ke Tale", all from Alibaba Aur 40 Chor.[30]

The dilrupa{{efn|The dilrupa is an Indian string instrument similar to the sitar, with approximately 18 strings.[31]}} in the songs were played by Shanmugham.[32] "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan" is set in the Mayamalavagowla raga.[49]{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=125}} The opening line of this song was later used in a song titled "Azhagana Ponnu Thaan" from Nenjirukkum Varai (2006).[33] "Ullasa Ulagam" was later remixed by Pravin Mani and Vidyasagar in Jayamkondaan (2008).[34] "Chinnanchiru Chitte" was remixed in Muruga (2007).[35] Elements from the song were also used in "Andangkaka" from Anniyan (2005).[36][37] "Masila Unmai Kathale" was later included on Legends: A. M. Rajah, a five-disc compilation album that was released in 2016.[38]

The songs received positive reviews with "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan", "Masila Unmai Kathale", and "Ullaasa Ulagam" becoming popular among the masses.[28] Charulatha Mani, writing for The Hindu, called "Azhagaan Ponnu Naan" a "peppy" song.[39] Rajalakshmi Sivalingam of The Hindu (Tamil) called "Masila Unmai Kathale", written by A. Maruthakasi, an immortal song.[40]

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_lyrics =
| title1 = Masila Unmai Kathale
| extra1 = A. M. Rajah, Bhanumathi Ramakrishna
| length1 = 3:04
| title2 = Chinnanjiru Chitte
| extra2 = S. C. Krishnan, Jikki
| length2 = 2:53
| title3 = Azhagaana Ponnu Naan
| extra3 = Bhanumathi Ramakrishna
| length3 = 3:04
| title4 = Naama Aaduvathum
| extra4 = Swarnalatha, Jamuna Rani
| length4 = 3:34
| title5 = Unnaivida Maattaen
| extra5 = Bhanumathi Ramakrishna
| length5 = 2:40
| title6 = Ullaasa Ulagam
| extra6 = Ghantasala
| length6 = 2:47
| title7 = Salaam Baabu
| extra7 = Jikki
| length7 = 4:19
| title8 = Anbinaale Aalavandha
| extra8 = Bhanumathi Ramakrishna
| length8 = 3:25
| title9 = En Aattamellaam
| extra9 = Bhanumathi Ramakrishna
| length9 = 3:56
}}

Release

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was released on 14 January 1956,[41] during the festive occasion of Thai Pongal.[42]{{efn|Thai Pongal is a three-day Indian harvest festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu on 14 January every year as an equivalent of thanksgiving to the nature.[43]}} Historian V. Sriram believes it was the first Tamil film to take advantage of block colour advertising.[44] The film was a commercial success and ran for over 100 days in theatres.[45] It became a "landmark" in Ramachandran's acting career,[46] and set a "precedent for many buccaneer-style characters" he would portray in his later films.[65] The film won the Film Fans' Association award for Best Tamil film.[47] It was later dubbed in Telugu as Ali Baba 40 Dongalu.[48][49] Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum had a limited re-release on 14 April 2011, during the festive occasion of Puthandu (Tamil New Year) in Chennai.[50]

Critical reception

Tamil film historian S. Theodore Baskaran wrote in his 1996 book The Eye of the Serpent, "The film's cast of M.G. Ramachandran as the swash-buckling Alibaba, Bhanumathi as the singing-heroine ... and Thangavelu as the comedian was the main factor contributing to its huge success." He also praised the performance of P. S. Veerappa, and said that another factor attributed to the film's success that it was the first full-length South Indian colour film.{{sfn|Baskaran|1996|p=119}} In Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema, Rajadhyaksha and Willemen said the film was remembered "mainly for MGR's swashbuckling stunts (it is one of the star's most characteristic 50s genre films), the elaborate group dances and Bhanumathi's very popular song-and-dance routines."{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|pp=339–340}} Following Bhanumathi's death in 2005, S. R. Ashok Kumar of The Hindu wrote that the film showcased one of her "best known performances."[51]

Dancer and writer Lakshmi Viswanathan, who saw the film during its original release in 1956 at the Chennai-based Chitra theatre, wrote for The Hindu 2012, "We children could not contain our excitement when the first colour film in Tamil ... was released in Chitra. We saw it again and again with the thrill that only children of those days could experience."[52] Sachi Sri Kantha felt that the Gevacolor looked somewhat "washed out" and "inferior" to other colouring processes like Eastmancolor and versions of Fujicolor. He said the film succeeded with the Tamil masses because "it was a first time experience they could enjoy the [colour] in totality. This is because illiterate Tamil masses would have watched Hollywood movies produced in [colour] for entertainment. But, being illiterate, [the] majority wouldn't have comprehended the dialogues and songs in English."[8] In 2015, Karan Bali wrote for Scroll.in that the film "blended melodious songs, exciting fighting scenes and a suspenseful climax", and praised Veerappa's performance as Abu Hussain.[1] On Ramachandran's centenary in January 2017, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times included his performance in Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum in her list compiling "some of his most memorable performances".[53]

Home media

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was released on home video by Moser Baer in June 2010,[54] and by Raj Video Vision in April 2012.[55]

In popular culture

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum has been referenced in many films. Janagaraj's character in Rajadhi Raja (1989) sings a portion of "Ullasa Ulagam", before meeting with a fate similar to that of Thangavelu's character in Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum.[56] Goundamani and Sathyaraj's characters imitate the song "Maasila Unmai Kadhale" in Rickshaw Mama (1992).[57] Vellaisamy (Vadivelu) and Pazhanisamy (Vivek) sing the beginning portion of "Ullasa Ulagam" in Pongalo Pongal (1997).[58] In Baba (2002), the title character (Rajinikanth) and his friends see the clip where Alibaba closes the cave using the phrase "close sesame" after entering it using the words "open sesame".[59] Actor Narayan Lucky has stated that his 2015 film Thiranthidu Seese was named after the dialogue of the same name spoken by Ramachandran in Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum.[60] In Thoppi (2015), the Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments orders police inspector Kuzhanthaisamy to find a stolen film reel box; the film is Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum.[61]

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://scroll.in/article/694534/tamil-nadus-trailblazing-modern-theatres-studio-spun-romances-period-dramas-and-colour-films |title=Tamil Nadu's trailblazing Modern Theatres studio spun romances, period dramas and colour films |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=2 January 2015 |website=Scroll.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906153559/http://scroll.in/article/694534/tamil-nadus-trailblazing-modern-theatres-studio-spun-romances-period-dramas-and-colour-films |archive-date=6 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=6 September 2016}}
2. ^{{Cite AV media |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |last=Sundaram |first=T. R. |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Modern Theatres |year=1956 |author-link=T. R. Sundaram |place=India |time=0:33}}
3. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/05/01/stories/2011050150341600.htm |title=Ali Babavum Naarpathu Thirudargalum 1941 |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=1 May 2011 |work=The Hindu |access-date=3 July 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6FY3cFVwz?url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/05/01/stories/2011050150341600.htm |archive-date=1 April 2013 |dead-url=no |author-link=Randor Guy}}
4. ^{{Cite news |url=http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/61305/cinema/Kollywood/Before-mgr,-nsk-also-act-in-alibabavum-40-thirudargalum.htm |title=பிளாஷ்பேக்: என்.எஸ்.கிருஷ்ணன் ஹீரோவாக நடித்த அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும் |date=23 July 2017 |work=Dinamalar |access-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20170726120626/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/61305/cinema/Kollywood/Before-mgr,-nsk-also-act-in-alibabavum-40-thirudargalum.htm |archive-date=26 July 2017 |dead-url=no |language=ta |trans-title=Flashback: Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum, where N. S. Krishnan played hero |df=dmy-all}}
5. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/leeds-love-and-modern-theatres/article6158141.ece |title=Leeds, love and Modern Theatres |last=Chelangad |first=Saju |date=29 June 2014 |work=The Hindu |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911083007/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/leeds-love-and-modern-theatres/article6158141.ece |archive-date=11 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}
6. ^1 {{Cite AV media |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |last=Sundaram |first=T. R. |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Modern Theatres |year=1956 |author-link=T. R. Sundaram |place=India |time=1:03}}
7. ^{{Cite AV media |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |last=Sundaram |first=T. R. |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Modern Theatres |year=1956 |author-link=T. R. Sundaram |place=India |time=0:50}}
8. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-11/ |title=MGR Remembered – Part 11 |last=Kantha |first=Sachi Sri |authorlink=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=28 September 2013 |website=Ilankai Tamil Sangam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907031512/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-11/ |archive-date=7 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=6 September 2016}}
9. ^{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/rupees-journey-since-independence-down-by-65-times-against-dollar/articleshow/22025032.cms |title=Rupee's journey since Independence: Down by 65 times against dollar |date=24 August 2013 |work=The Economic Times |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130829085318/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-24/news/41444029_1_indian-rupee-american-currency-continued-dollar-demand |archive-date=29 August 2013 |dead-url=no}}
10. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/p-s-veerappa-was-tamil-cinemas-bad-guy-personified-says-randor-guy/article6275472.ece |title=The superstar villain |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=2 August 2014 |work=The Hindu |access-date=15 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315135203/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/p-s-veerappa-was-tamil-cinemas-bad-guy-personified-says-randor-guy/article6275472.ece |archive-date=15 March 2015 |dead-url=no}}
11. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/no-stereotyping-her/article3219288.ece |title=No stereotyping her |last=Gangadhar |first=V. |date=8 January 2006 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907100700/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/no-stereotyping-her/article3219288.ece |archive-date=7 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}
12. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2899646.ece |title=Fame eluded this sibling of an icon |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=16 February 2012 |work=The Hindu |access-date=9 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909083432/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2899646.ece |archive-date=9 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}
13. ^{{Cite news |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF-29-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81/article9531097.ece |title=என்னருமை தோழி..! 29 - திருமணப் பேச்சு! |last=Narasimhan |first=T. A. |date=9 February 2017 |work=The Hindu Tamil |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20170426154555/http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF-29-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81/article9531097.ece |archive-date=26 April 2017 |dead-url=no |trans-title=My beloved friend..! Part 29 - Wedding talk!}}
14. ^{{Cite news |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/cinema-others/article19923822.ece |title=வேட்டையாடு விளையாடு 06: முதல் ‘கேவா’ கலர் திரைப்படம்! |date=27 October 2017 |work=The Hindu Tamil |access-date=27 March 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180327172251/http://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/cinema-others/article19923822.ece |archive-date=27 March 2018 |dead-url=no |trans-title=Hunt and Play 06: The first Gevacolor feature film! |df=dmy-all }}
15. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9Isc3fTGR8 |title=Naama Aaduvathum |last=Rajshri Tamil |date=2 March 2013 |publisher=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213054133/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9Isc3fTGR8 |archive-date=13 February 2018 |dead-url=no |access-date=10 June 2017}}
16. ^{{Cite web |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-10/ |title=MGR Remembered – Part 10 |last=Kantha |first=Sachi Sri |date=11 August 2013 |website=Ilankai Tamil Sangam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908072912/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-10/ |archive-date=8 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=8 September 2016}}
17. ^1 2 {{Cite news |url=http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=15259 |title=முதலாளி! (10) |last=வேங்கடசாமி |first=ரா. |date=5 May 2013 |work=Dinamalar |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512102233/http://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=15259 |archive-date=12 May 2017 |dead-url=no |language=Tamil |trans-title=Boss! (10)}}
18. ^1 2 {{Cite news |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/cinema-others/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81/article5812252.ece |title=எம்.ஜி.ஆர். இல்லாமல் நடந்த எம்.ஜி.ஆர் படப்பிடிப்பு! |last=Nelba |date=21 March 2014 |work=The Hindu |access-date=21 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121080016/http://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/cinema-others/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81/article5812252.ece |archive-date=21 November 2014 |dead-url=no |language=Tamil |trans-title=An MGR film that was filmed without MGR!}}
19. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/coimbatores-celluloid-connection/article6044541.ece |title=Coimbatore's celluloid connection |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=24 May 2014 |work=The Hindu |access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908154919/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/coimbatores-celluloid-connection/article6044541.ece |archive-date=8 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}
20. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/i-am/article4281091.ece |title=I am... |last=Karthikeyan |first=Aparna |date=7 January 2013 |work=The Hindu |access-date=6 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221104423/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/i-am/article4281091.ece |archive-date=21 December 2016 |dead-url=no}}
21. ^{{Cite news |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-100-66-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D/article8610640.ece |title=எம்ஜிஆர் 100 {{!}} 66: கேட்காதவர்களுக்கும் உதவியவர்! |date=17 May 2016 |work=The Hindu Tamil |access-date=19 March 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180319114541/http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-100-66-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D/article8610640.ece |archive-date=19 March 2018 |dead-url=no |trans-title=MGR 100, part 66: He, who helped even those who didn't ask! |df=dmy-all }}
22. ^1 {{Cite news |url=http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/61843/cinema/Kollywood/Alibabavum-40-thirudargalum-:-Shooting-without-MGR.htm |title=பிளாஷ்பேக்: காதல் டூயட்டில் பானுமதியுடன் ஆடிய எம்.ஜி.ஆரின் டூப் |date=12 August 2017 |work=Dinamalar |access-date=23 August 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20170823135931/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/61843/cinema/Kollywood/Alibabavum-40-thirudargalum-:-Shooting-without-MGR.htm |archive-date=23 August 2017 |dead-url=no |language=ta |trans-title=MGR's double, who acted with Bhanumathi in a romantic duet |df=dmy-all}}
23. ^{{Cite web |url=http://i1303.photobucket.com/albums/ag149/kailash29792/alibaba%201956%20certificate_zpskzpen1mw.jpg |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum CBFC certificate |publisher=Central Board of Film Certification |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908092244/http://s1303.photobucket.com/user/kailash29792/media/alibaba%201956%20certificate_zpskzpen1mw.jpg.html |archive-date=8 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=8 September 2016}}
24. ^{{Cite web |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-21/ |title=MGR Remembered – Part 21 |last=Kantha |first=Sachi Sri |date=30 September 2014 |website=Ilankai Tamil Sangam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914123951/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-21/ |archive-date=14 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=14 September 2016}}
25. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/stars-in-politics-no-jump-cuts-in-tn/article22389006.ece |title=Stars in politics: No jump cuts in T.N. |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=7 January 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=18 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118145049/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/stars-in-politics-no-jump-cuts-in-tn/article22389006.ece |archive-date=18 January 2018 |dead-url=no}}
26. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.jolpress.com/article/les-dieux-du-cinema-tamoul-inde-rajinikanth-bollywood-super-heros-797191.html |title=Les dieux du cinéma tamoul |last=Overdorf |first=Jason |date=22 July 2012 |website=Jol-Press |language=French |trans-title=The gods of Tamil cinema |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914080050/http://www.jolpress.com/article/les-dieux-du-cinema-tamoul-inde-rajinikanth-bollywood-super-heros-797191.html |archive-date=14 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=14 September 2016}}
27. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/movie/T0001423.html |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum Songs |publisher=Raaga.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121091631/http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/alibabavum-40-thirudargalum-T0001423 |archive-date=21 November 2014 |dead-url=bot: unknown |access-date=18 March 2013}}
28. ^1 {{Cite news |url=http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=2m4w0g7&s=6#.V9EJn5N97-a |title=திருப்புமுனை திரைப்படங்கள் – 29 – அலிபாபாவும் நாற்பது திருடர்களும் (1956) |last=Chellappa |date=1 September 2012 |work=Cinema Express |access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908064941/http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=2m4w0g7&s=6#.V9EKI5N97-Y |archive-date=8 September 2016 |dead-url=no |language=Tamil |trans-title=Path-breaking films – 29 – Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956)}}
29. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2017/07/31220611/1099695/cinima-history.vpf |title=மாடர்ன் தியேட்டர்ஸ் - மருதகாசி மோதல்: உண்மையை கண்டுபிடித்த டி.ஆர்.சுந்தரம் |date=31 July 2017 |work=Maalai Malar |access-date=4 August 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20170804140805/http://www.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/CineHistory/2017/07/31220611/1099695/cinima-history.vpf |archive-date=4 August 2017 |dead-url=bot: unknown |language=Tamil |trans-title=Modern Theatres — Maruthakasi's clash: T. R. Sundaram, who discovered the truth |df=dmy-all}}
30. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/15759 |title=பொன்னு விளையிற பூமியில் பொற்காலப் பாடல்கள் தந்த மருதகாசி! |date=26 September 2016 |work=Dinamalar |access-date=24 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724143935/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/15759 |archive-date=24 July 2017 |dead-url=no |location=Nellai |language=Tamil |trans-title=Maruthakasi, the one who gave golden songs like the soil that grows gold!}}
31. ^{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=qxsy28eStmAC&pg=PT23 |title=Let's Know Music and Musical Instruments of India |last=Dutta |first=Madhumita |publisher=Star Publications |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-905863-29-7 |pages=22–23}}
32. ^{{Cite news |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/society/women/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE/article5618848.ece |title=இசையின் மொழி தில்ரூபா சரோஜா |date=26 January 2014 |work=The Hindu |access-date=25 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025032940/http://tamil.thehindu.com/society/women/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE/article5618848.ece |archive-date=25 October 2016 |dead-url=no |language=Tamil |trans-title=Dilruba Saroja, the language of music}}
33. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/nv/20061206.htm |title=Nenjirukkum varai: Mixed bag |last=Srinivas |first=Saraswathy |date=6 December 2006 |website=Rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914050842/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/nv/20061206.htm |archive-date=14 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=14 September 2016}}
34. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.co.in/movies/2008/jun/12ssjk.htm |title=Jeyam Kondaan's music is unoriginal |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=12 June 2008 |publisher=Rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121081917/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/12ssjk.htm |archive-date=21 November 2014 |dead-url=no |access-date=18 March 2013}}
35. ^{{Cite web |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/21muruga.htm |title=Muruga offers routine stuff |last=Srinivas |first=Saraswathy |date=21 December 2006 |website=Rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315134857/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/21muruga.htm |archive-date=15 March 2015 |dead-url=no |access-date=15 March 2015}}
36. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/dibbaradindi/article9145208.ece |title='Dibbaradindi' |date=25 September 2016 |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928135748/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/dibbaradindi/article9145208.ece |archive-date=28 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}
37. ^{{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o6kXi44Coo | title=Tamil Copycat Songs | publisher=YouTube | date=19 May 2013 | accessdate=17 October 2016 | author=Vikatan TV | time=8:51 to 9:00 | time-caption=From | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006010522/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o6kXi44Coo | archivedate=6 October 2014 | df=dmy-all }}
38. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/in-a-class-of-his-own/article3218484.ece |title=In a class of his own |last=Balasubramanian |first=V. |date=16 June 2006 |work=The Hindu |access-date=29 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329065934/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/in-a-class-of-his-own/article3218484.ece |archive-date=29 March 2018 |dead-url=no}}
39. ^1 {{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-the-magic-of-mayamalavagowla/article2618199.ece |title=A Raga's Journey — The magic of Mayamalavagowla |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |date=11 November 2011 |work=The Hindu |access-date=21 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121083524/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-the-magic-of-mayamalavagowla/article2618199.ece |archive-date=21 November 2014 |dead-url=no |author-link=Charulatha Mani}}
40. ^{{Cite news |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF-10/article8232046.ece |title=ஏ.மருதகாசி 10 |last=Sivalingam |first=Rajalakshmi |date=13 February 2016 |work=The Hindu |access-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915134451/http://tamil.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF-10/article8232046.ece |archive-date=15 September 2016 |dead-url=no |language=Tamil |trans-title=10 Facts about A. Maruthakasi}}
41. ^{{Cite web |url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-22/ |title=MGR Remembered – Part 22 |last=Kantha |first=Sachi Sri |date=3 November 2014 |website=Ilankai Tamil Sangam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911070936/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-22/ |archive-date=11 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=11 September 2016}}
42. ^{{Cite web |url=http://thereel.scroll.in/801827/films-that-are-50-come-fall-in-love-again-with-anbe-vaa |title=Films that are 50: Come, fall in love again with 'Anbe Vaa' |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=14 January 2016 |website=Scroll.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316155833/http://thereel.scroll.in/801827/films-that-are-50-come-fall-in-love-again-with-anbe-vaa |archive-date=16 March 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=20 March 2016}}
43. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/meaning-of-thai-pongal/article1178529.ece |title=Meaning of 'Thai Pongal' |date=14 January 2008 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724103600/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/meaning-of-thai-pongal/article1178529.ece |archive-date=24 July 2016 |dead-url=no}}
44. ^{{Cite web |url=https://sriramv.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/advertising-in-madras/ |title=Advertising in Madras |last=Sriram |first=V. |authorlink=V. Sriram |date=5 April 2011 |website=Madras Heritage and Carnatic Music |archive-url=http://archive.fo/88XG9 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |dead-url=no |access-date=15 December 2018 |quote=The film industry appears to have been a major source of ad revenue for press given that block colour advertising was heralded in with films such as “Ali Babavum 40 Tirudargalum” being the first to take advantage of this innovation.}}
45. ^{{Cite news |url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/business/article20442536.ece |title=ஆன்லைன் ராஜா 1: உலக நாயகன் |last=Moorthi |first=S. L. V. |date=14 November 2017 |work=The Hindu |access-date=5 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205082130/http://tamil.thehindu.com/business/article20442536.ece |archive-date=5 December 2017 |dead-url=no |language=ta |trans-title=Online King 1: Universal Hero}}
46. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2418144.ece |title=Following a star |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=2 September 2011 |work=The Hindu |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121095822/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/article2418144.ece |archive-date=21 November 2014 |dead-url=no}}
47. ^{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19570413&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Awards for Best Films and Stars of 1956 |date=13 April 1957 |work=The Indian Express |page=8}}
48. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/old-favourites-come-handy-for-new-shows/article24058.ece |title=Old favourites come handy for new shows |date=23 September 2009 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907095739/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/old-favourites-come-handy-for-new-shows/article24058.ece |archive-date=7 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}
49. ^{{Cite book |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1956-cinedetails2.asp |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |last=Film News Anandan |publisher=Sivagami Publishers |year=2004 |location=Chennai |language=Tamil |trans-title=Tamil film history and its achievements |author-link=Film News Anandan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513124650/http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1956-cinedetails2.asp |archive-date=13 May 2017 |dead-url=no}}
50. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lights-camera-conversation-a-dinosaur-roams-again/article1936998.ece |title=Lights, Camera, Conversation... — A dinosaur roams again |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=29 April 2011 |work=The Hindu |access-date=8 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908131911/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lights-camera-conversation-a-dinosaur-roams-again/article1936998.ece |archive-date=8 September 2016 |dead-url=no |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan}}
51. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/28/stories/2005122817820200.htm |title=Remembering Bhanumathi |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=28 December 2005 |work=The Hindu |access-date=30 November 2008 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6FY3zTWJo?url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/28/stories/2005122817820200.htm |archive-date=1 April 2013 |dead-url=no}}
52. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/growing-up-with-the-talkies/article3847595.ece |title=Growing up with the talkies |last=Viswanathan |first=Lakshmi |date=1 September 2012 |work=The Hindu |access-date=14 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914100642/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/growing-up-with-the-talkies/article3847595.ece |archive-date=14 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}
53. ^1 {{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mgr-s-centenary-the-man-who-dominated-tamil-films-for-3-decades/story-3aN5zgVfkI6nWqX8csbD7J.html |title=MGR’s centenary: The man who dominated Tamil films for 3 decades |last=Mishra |first=Nivedita |date=17 January 2017 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117143057/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mgr-s-centenary-the-man-who-dominated-tamil-films-for-3-decades/story-3aN5zgVfkI6nWqX8csbD7J.html |archive-date=17 January 2017 |dead-url=no}}
54. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.in/Platinum-Alibaba-40-Thirudargalum-M-G-R/dp/B0062UAW50 |title=Platinum Series — Alibaba 40 Thirudargalum |date=28 June 2010 |publisher=Amazon.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907090817/http://www.amazon.in/Platinum-Alibaba-40-Thirudargalum-M-G-R/dp/B0062UAW50 |archive-date=7 September 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=7 September 2016}}
55. ^{{Cite web |url=http://rajvideovision.net/product_info.php?products_id=16 |title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum |date=2 April 2012 |publisher=Raj Video Vision |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021142107/http://rajvideovision.net/product_info.php?products_id=16 |archive-date=21 October 2013 |dead-url=bot: unknown |access-date=18 March 2013}}
56. ^{{Cite AV media |title=Rajadhi Raja |last=Sundarrajan |first=R. |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Pavalar Creations |year=1989 |author-link=R. Sundarrajan (director) |place=India |time=1:10:24}}
57. ^{{Cite AV media |title=Rickshaw Mama |last=Vasu |first=P. |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Shri Mishri Productions |year=1992 |author-link=P. Vasu |place=India |time=22:43}}
58. ^{{Cite AV media |title=Pongalo Pongal |last=Sekhar |first=V. |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Thiruvalluvar Kalaikoodam |year=1997 |author-link=V. Sekhar |place=India |time=1:44:30}}
59. ^{{Cite AV media |title=Baba |last=Krissna |first=Suresh |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Lotus Group |year=2002 |author-link=Suresh Krissna |place=India |time=16:55}}
60. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Narayan-Balances-Comedy-and-Thrill/2015/05/19/article2821236.ece? |title=Narayan Balances Comedy and Thrill |date=19 May 2015 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=14 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914090623/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Narayan-Balances-Comedy-and-Thrill/2015/05/19/article2821236.ece |archive-date=14 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}
61. ^{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Thoppi/movie-review/46487253.cms |title=Thoppi Movie Review |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=7 March 2015 |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 September 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20160907090016/http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftamil%2Fmovie-reviews%2FThoppi%2Fmovie-review%2F46487253.cms |archive-date=7 September 2016 |dead-url=no}}

}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin|30em}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhFlAAAAMAAJ&q=The+eye+of+the+serpent:+an+introduction+to+Tamil+cinema&dq=The+eye+of+the+serpent:+an+introduction+to+Tamil+cinema&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-XLNUvOUKsWVrgeN0YH4Cw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA |title=The eye of the serpent: an introduction to Tamil cinema |publisher=East West Books |last=Baskaran |first=Sundararaj Theodore |authorlink=S. Theodore Baskaran |year=1996 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=netkAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3A4AAf6rup5dAC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Alibaba |title=Musings |last=Bhanumathi |publisher=P.B.R. Publications |year=2000 |ref=harv |author-link=Bhanumathi Ramakrishna |orig-year=1993}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=do9DDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA94&dq=mgr+alibaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3kv2M3eHYAhUH6Y8KHXviD4kQ6AEIeTAR#v=onepage&q=mgr%20alibaba&f=false |title=Contes et légendes d'Orient: au cinéma et à la télévision |last=Dumont |first=Hervé |publisher=Books on Demand |year=2017 |isbn=978-2-3221-0135-1 |language=French |trans-title=Tales and legends of the East: in cinema and on television |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=alibaba+mgr+allah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi62oC8ur3VAhWHvo8KHQznB-s4ChDoAQgmMAA#v=onepage&q=Tamil&f=false |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |publisher=Routledge |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |last2=Dissanayake |first2=Wimal |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-67774-5 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |url=http://i595.photobucket.com/albums/tt39/MinaiMinai/MOre/75yearspart2_5.jpg |title=From Silents to Sivaji! A look into the past — Part II |publisher=Galatta Cinema |last=Guy |first=Randor |authorlink=Randor Guy |year=2007 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=tWVYGwAACAAJ |title=Starlight, Starbright: The Early Tamil Cinema |publisher=Amra Publishers |last=Guy |first=Randor |year=1997 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/MGR.html?id=2mclDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |title=MGR: A Life |publisher=Penguin Random House |last=Kannan |first=R. |year=2017 |location=India |isbn=9780143429340 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HreICwAAQBAJ |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=SAGE Publications |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-212-8 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |first1=Ashish |last1=Rajadhyaksha |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |publisher=Oxford University Press |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |origyear=1994 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIX11WBlVGAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=M.G. Ramachandran: Jewel of the Masses |publisher=Rupa Publications |last=Swaminathan |first=Roopa |year=2002 |isbn=81-7167-897-1 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |last=Sundararaman |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai |oclc=295034757 |ref=harv |orig-year=2005}}
{{Refend}}

External links

  • {{IMDb title|id=0317069|title=Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum}}
{{Ali Baba}}{{Modern Theatres}}{{T. R. Sundaram}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Alibabavum Narpadhu Thirudargalum}}

11 : 1950s Tamil-language films|1956 films|Films based on One Thousand and One Nights|Films directed by T. R. Sundaram|Films featuring an item number|Films scored by Susarla Dakshinamurthi|Indian fantasy films|Tamil remakes of Hindi films|Indian films|Indian swashbuckler films|Tamil-language films
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/24 0:32:04